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THE POLANDERS IN WISCONSIN.
The causes of Polish immigration are not difficult to find. Previous to 1872 they were chiefly economic. The low wages paid in Europe and the great difficulty of obtaining land drove many Poles to this country. Those who came to this country sent for their friends, frequently sending them money with which to come. To the economic causes was added in 1871 the religious. Bismarck determined that all of the inhabitants of Prussia should speak the German language and laws were passed to give the government a control of the parochial schools which was very irritating to the Catholics, and especially to the clergy. Another decree banished the Jesuit priests from the empire. About the same time the severe military law began to operate as a cause of emigration. Every Polish youth was obliged to serve in the German army for four years.
The effect of these laws is seen almost immediately upon the Polish immigration in Wisconsin. There had been a very gradual immigration since 1855. In 1872 there was a large immigration of priests and through their influence a great impetus was given to the movement. That there was not a wholesale emigration from Prussian Poland at this time was due partly to the efforts of the government to restrain it, but more largely to the lack of funds to make the necessary journey. Most of the emigrants were young, as few men had the morfey to transport a large family to America, even if they had the courage at an advanced age to begin the battle of life over again in a New World.
The terms Polish colony and Polish settlement, so frequently used in regard to the Polish districts of our large cities, might indicate that the Poles came in large numbers and immediately established a Polish colony, Polish churches and schools.- This has not been the ease in any of the large settlements in Wisconsin. In Milwaukee the first Polish family came about 1855. It was ten years before there was a church and at that time there were only about thirty families. The growth of the Polish colony was evidently slow. Even these few Poles did not live close together. Some of them were on the West and East sides, but the location of the church at Grove and Mineral streets fixed a center around which the Polish element tended to settle. Just as among other nationalities, the tendency of the Poles
Object Description
| Page Title | The Polanders in Wisconsin |
| Author | Miller, Frank H. (Frank Hayden) |
| Source Publisher | Parkman Club |
| Source Creation Date | 1896 |
| Language | English |
| Digital Format | JPG |
| Electronic Publisher | Wisconsin Historical Society |
| Rights | © Copyright 2005 by the Wisconsin Historical Society (Madison, Wisconsin) |
| Electronic Publication Date | 2005 |
| Digital Identifier | TP342000 |
| Description | One of the first Polish farming communities in the nation was established in Portage County, Wisconsin, in 1855. Located among earlier German, Irish, and French communities, Polonia, as the town was called, soon became a prospersous rural community that attracted more Poles to the region. Poles also began settling in Milwaukee in the 1850s although they did not begin coming in great numbers until the late nineteenth century. In this article from the Parkman Club (an organization devoted to research and writing on the history of the Old Northwest), Frank Miller discusses Polish immigration to Wisconsin. He focuses particularly on the role of the Koscuisko Guard in the labor strike at Bay View in 1886. |
| Owner | Wisconsin Historical Society Library |
| Type | Article |
| Recommended Citation | Miller, Frank Hayden. "The Polanders in Wisconsin." (Parkman Club Publications. no. 10. Milwaukee, Wis.: Parkman Club, 1896); online facsimile at http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=1336 |
| Document Number | TP342 |
| Size | p. [239]-246 ; 24 cm. |
| URL | http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=1336 |
| Owner Collection | Rare Book Collection |
| Owner Object ID | F476 P249 no.10 |
| Series | Parkman Club publications ; no. 10 |
| County | Calumet County; Green Lake County; Langlade County; Manitowoc County; Marinette County; Milwaukee County; Portage County; Waushara County; Winnebago County |
| City | Antigo; Berlin; Marinette; Menasha; Milwaukee; Stevens Point; Two Rivers |
| State/Province | Wisconsin |
| Race and Ethnicity | Polish Americans |
| Sub-Topic | 20th Century Immigration; Mid-19th century Immigration; The Birth of the Labor Movement |
| Event Date | 1872-1896 |
| Event Years | 1872; 1873; 1874; 1875; 1876; 1877; 1878; 1879; 1880; 1881; 1882; 1883; 1884; 1885; 1886; 1887; 1888; 1889; 1890; 1891; 1892; 1893; 1894; 1895; 1896 |
| Economics | Labor unions |
| Education | Schools |
| Intellectual Life | Newspapers |
| Occupations | Blue collar workers |
| Politics | Elections; Political parties |
| Social Relations | Emigration and immigration; Riots; Strikes and lockouts |
Description
| Page Title | Page 239 |
| Author | Miller, Frank H. (Frank Hayden) |
| Source Publisher | Parkman Club |
| Source Creation Date | 1896 |
| Language | English |
| Digital Format | JPG |
| Electronic Publisher | Wisconsin Historical Society |
| Rights | © Copyright 2005 by the Wisconsin Historical Society (Madison, Wisconsin) |
| Electronic Publication Date | 2005 |
| Digital Identifier | TP342001 |
| Owner | Wisconsin Historical Society Library |
| Type | Article |
| Size | 24 cm. |
| Owner Collection | Rare Book Collection |
| Owner Object ID | F476 P249 no.10 |
| Full Text | THE POLANDERS IN WISCONSIN. The causes of Polish immigration are not difficult to find. Previous to 1872 they were chiefly economic. The low wages paid in Europe and the great difficulty of obtaining land drove many Poles to this country. Those who came to this country sent for their friends, frequently sending them money with which to come. To the economic causes was added in 1871 the religious. Bismarck determined that all of the inhabitants of Prussia should speak the German language and laws were passed to give the government a control of the parochial schools which was very irritating to the Catholics, and especially to the clergy. Another decree banished the Jesuit priests from the empire. About the same time the severe military law began to operate as a cause of emigration. Every Polish youth was obliged to serve in the German army for four years. The effect of these laws is seen almost immediately upon the Polish immigration in Wisconsin. There had been a very gradual immigration since 1855. In 1872 there was a large immigration of priests and through their influence a great impetus was given to the movement. That there was not a wholesale emigration from Prussian Poland at this time was due partly to the efforts of the government to restrain it, but more largely to the lack of funds to make the necessary journey. Most of the emigrants were young, as few men had the morfey to transport a large family to America, even if they had the courage at an advanced age to begin the battle of life over again in a New World. The terms Polish colony and Polish settlement, so frequently used in regard to the Polish districts of our large cities, might indicate that the Poles came in large numbers and immediately established a Polish colony, Polish churches and schools.- This has not been the ease in any of the large settlements in Wisconsin. In Milwaukee the first Polish family came about 1855. It was ten years before there was a church and at that time there were only about thirty families. The growth of the Polish colony was evidently slow. Even these few Poles did not live close together. Some of them were on the West and East sides, but the location of the church at Grove and Mineral streets fixed a center around which the Polish element tended to settle. Just as among other nationalities, the tendency of the Poles |
| Event Date | 1872-1896 |
| Event Years | 1872; 1873; 1874; 1875; 1876; 1877; 1878; 1879; 1880; 1881; 1882; 1883; 1884; 1885; 1886; 1887; 1888; 1889; 1890; 1891; 1892; 1893; 1894; 1895; 1896 |