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Wisconsin Cranberry IPM newsletter volume .1, lumber 9, september s, 1994 Integrated Pest Management for Cranberries FATE OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT The fate of a pesticide in the environment begins with its initial distribution and continues through its subsequent movement and persistence in each component of the environment. Distribution may begin when you apply a pesticide to the target area. Studies have shown that a significant percentage of pesticides never reach the intended site of application because of drib, volatility, or misapplication. A pesticide can move from the target area in a variety of ways. It may' * Volatilize from plant or soil surfaces, * Be moved by wind or water from treated foliage to the soil, a Be carried laterally by surface water l'tmofl| or through soil erosion, * Be incorporated into the soil with crop residues, @ Be taken,from the site as residue on transplants or harvested fruit, or * Leach through the soil. Eventually, a large portion of many pesticides we apply ends up in the soil. lf the soil does not have a chance to break down pesticides before it leaches through the soil profile or is washed away on the soil surface, the pesticides we apply may ultimately contaminate surface waters or groundwater. Many factors determine the extent of pollution which is likely to result from the use of a given pesticide. Pesticides vary in their degree of attachment or adsorption to soil particles. Those which are strongly adsorbed are less likely to be carried from the treated area by surface water or to leach through the soil into the groundwater; they may, however, be moved readily by soil erosion. Pesticides also vary in their degree of water solubility; obviously, those with greater solubility have a greater potential for both movement and water contamination. The volatility of a pesticide is a measure of its tendency to turn into a vapor. Pesticides with greater volatility dissipate more rapidly and pose less risk of soil and/or water pollution. An often-critical favor in determining the extent of pollution is the rate of degradation or breakdown of the pesticide; pesticides vary substantially in their susceptibility to degradation. Degradation may be chemical, physical, biological, or any combination of the three. Biological breakdown of a pesticide results from attack by fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms. While most degradation of pesticides occurs in the soil, breakdown also may occur in water or on soil or plant surfaces. Biological activity in the soil and its subsequent eject on the rate of pesticide degradation depend upon adequate soil moisture and temperature. When a pesticide is degraded, it is changed chemically', it is usually, but not always, broken down into nontoxic compounds. A1l pesticides, including the chlorinated hydrocarbons, are subject to degradation; only the rate of degradation varies. Although some pesticides may remain in the environment for years, none will remain forever. Once degradation has proceeded to a juiciest extent, most pesticides are no longer active and pose no further risks of pollution.
Object Description
Title | Wisconsin Cranberry IPM Newsletter, Vol. 8, Iss. 9, September 5, 1994 |
Subject | Insecticide/Insects; |
Type | Image; |
Format | image/jpeg; |
Identifier | insc0407-insc0412 |
Rights | 2008 Wetherby Cranberry Library; |
Submitting Institution | Wetherby Cranberry Library; |
Date Digitized | 2008-09-18 |
Contributor | Jack Potter |
Coverage-Temporal | 1990-1999; |
Creator | Teryl Roper; Jayne Sojka; |
Date | 1994-09-05 |
Date Last Updated | 2008-09-18 |
Language | English |
Relation | insects |
Description | The Cranberry Integrated Pest Management for Cranberries Newsletter, produced in collaboration with UW-Extension and UW-Madison researchers, provides current pest status and biology information, as well as methods of pest reduction, and pesticides. |
Format-Medium | Newsletter; |
Publisher | University of Wisconsin-Extension |
Digitizer | Stosh Jonjak |
Description
Subject | Cranfest; Recipes |
Type | Image |
Format | Image/jpeg |
Rights | 2008 Wetherby Cranberry Library |
Submitting Institution | Wetherby Cranberry Library |
Date Digitized | 2008-07-22 |
Coverage-Spatial | Warrens, Wisconsin |
Creator | Cranfest; Warrens Cranberry Festival |
Date Last Updated | 2008-10-15 |
Language | English |
Relation | cranfest recipe brochures |
Description | For more photographs like this one, visit the Cranberry Library Photostream on Flickr at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cranberrylibrary/sets/ |
Format-Medium | brochure |
Publisher | Cranfest; Warrens Cranberry Festival |
Transcript | Wisconsin Cranberry IPM newsletter volume .1, lumber 9, september s, 1994 Integrated Pest Management for Cranberries FATE OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT The fate of a pesticide in the environment begins with its initial distribution and continues through its subsequent movement and persistence in each component of the environment. Distribution may begin when you apply a pesticide to the target area. Studies have shown that a significant percentage of pesticides never reach the intended site of application because of drib, volatility, or misapplication. A pesticide can move from the target area in a variety of ways. It may' * Volatilize from plant or soil surfaces, * Be moved by wind or water from treated foliage to the soil, a Be carried laterally by surface water l'tmofl| or through soil erosion, * Be incorporated into the soil with crop residues, @ Be taken,from the site as residue on transplants or harvested fruit, or * Leach through the soil. Eventually, a large portion of many pesticides we apply ends up in the soil. lf the soil does not have a chance to break down pesticides before it leaches through the soil profile or is washed away on the soil surface, the pesticides we apply may ultimately contaminate surface waters or groundwater. Many factors determine the extent of pollution which is likely to result from the use of a given pesticide. Pesticides vary in their degree of attachment or adsorption to soil particles. Those which are strongly adsorbed are less likely to be carried from the treated area by surface water or to leach through the soil into the groundwater; they may, however, be moved readily by soil erosion. Pesticides also vary in their degree of water solubility; obviously, those with greater solubility have a greater potential for both movement and water contamination. The volatility of a pesticide is a measure of its tendency to turn into a vapor. Pesticides with greater volatility dissipate more rapidly and pose less risk of soil and/or water pollution. An often-critical favor in determining the extent of pollution is the rate of degradation or breakdown of the pesticide; pesticides vary substantially in their susceptibility to degradation. Degradation may be chemical, physical, biological, or any combination of the three. Biological breakdown of a pesticide results from attack by fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms. While most degradation of pesticides occurs in the soil, breakdown also may occur in water or on soil or plant surfaces. Biological activity in the soil and its subsequent eject on the rate of pesticide degradation depend upon adequate soil moisture and temperature. When a pesticide is degraded, it is changed chemically', it is usually, but not always, broken down into nontoxic compounds. A1l pesticides, including the chlorinated hydrocarbons, are subject to degradation; only the rate of degradation varies. Although some pesticides may remain in the environment for years, none will remain forever. Once degradation has proceeded to a juiciest extent, most pesticides are no longer active and pose no further risks of pollution. |
Digitizer | Stosh Jonjak |