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REPRESENTING A $5,000,000. A YEAR INDUSTR Y at sgzolAL CRANBERRY MAGAZIN CAPE COD NEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON 9 36 WRITE US _ TEL. 28-2RBALEYCO SOUTH CARVER CARVER MASSACHUSETTS ESTABLISHED 1895 WE ARE BUSY NOW Turning Out Pneumatic Wheel If Desired Ice Sanding may be just ahead. We have everything you need. For Large Growers -Our Gas Locomotive Will Save You Money in Sanding-Even on Short Trips THE BAILEY PUMP Pu Will Solve o4-in. 20-in. -... ~ ~ 800 to 14,000 Your PYumpn.......-JJGal. ~S Capacity Per Minute uestion WE MANUFACTURE ALL KINDS OF CRANBERRY EQUIPMENT We can supply you whatever you want-tell us your problems. ~~I ~~~ C ~~~~ I bC-Lr "~~~~~ ~~P~~b"%4~~~~--··c~~lF-~~~ b~~.~~·llp~~~~i The Total Barrels 454,000 1935 result of an aggressive sales T lTotal Barrels policy-a year by year accumula tion of good will with the trade 463 00 and sound educational advertising 1915 Exchange average sale price plus the cooperation and support of the three states, $6.32 per barrel of growers who have done their 1935 Exchange average sale price part to help these achievements. of the three states, $12.34 per barrel Have you done your part? Increased price per barrel 1935 The record of achievement shows over 1915 every grower of cranberries should $ er rr support One l~l~t~t~-,~r~~:~lllltllllllA O iiii~~ V·IEWi F i~ ~EA VENUE S AREU A , HOING :~~~~~~~~~~~NING ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iiiiljj· ~. li~l~lrl:il'~ll'II Aboe-OL TPESHNIE::::::::::::::::E NG EPLACE B I Belw--LAOO ADBIDG i~~~~~~i~~~~H TOERHOS ~~~~~i;:-;lcbwrs qTwoiPbS~iB~ eB~I~~~~; oljONAL CRANBERRy MACAZ/k FRESH FROM THE FIELDS ByC.J.H. Government Federal crop stat-Should Be Although a little sag Soon Have Colored Estimate isticians on No-Excellent in the market might vember 12 set the Average well be expected at Photos of Many United States cranberry crop at this time, consider515,000 barrels or 4,200 less than ing the very good prices, it is notg Weed last year's lean yield. The Massa-anticipated there will be any serichusetts crop dropped 10,000 bar-ous trouble in getting the final The County Extension Service rels from October to November; to berries disposed of. With a good of Massachusetts will soon have 360,000 compared to 332,000for price right from thevery openg colored pictures of an extensive 1935. New Jersey dropped 10,000 111o1d colored pictures of an extensive 1935. New of the market on blacks and a to 75,000 or 10,000 less than last correspondingly high price for group of weeds which trouble the year. Wisconsin, due primarily to Howes and other lates, growers cranberry grower. the drought, was cut to 59,000 should have received a splendid With these pictures will be a life Washington producin81,00with average price for their fruit this history of each weed, and informa- Washington 6,700 year. producing or 300 less than last year, and Oregon tion as to control. gaining 100 barrels at 4,600. The grower can become familiar Retail Price Cranberries are with the various kinds of weeds Is High now retailing at and quickly learn which ones do Others Figure Although the 20 and 21 cents damage, and the best methods of Little Less Federal figure is per pound, a fairly stiff figure in control. for 360,000 bar-comparison with many other food Dr. William Sawyer, supportedrels in Massachusetts, some es-stuffs. b nn rv, timate that this will be a bit high. The crop is placed by these at from done, in his usually successful 325,000 to 330,000 or possibly Canners Aid The effect of can way, amostvaluable piece of work 350,000 as top. On Pre which will save annually thousands On gPrice ning has undoubt edy been a factor of dollars to cranberry growers. in price maintenance. One can-The work requires unusualWisconsin Says Reports from ner, alone, Cranberry Canners, Inc., knowledge as well as no end of 60,000 Barrels the Sales com-of South Hanson, Mass., was pre-experience, patience, and skill. pany in Wis-pared to take 100,000 barrels off D. Sawyer has them all and consin indicate 60,000 barrels there, the fresh fruit market if neces-. as the crop was being cleaned up sary. As it has turned out, the directors of the Extension much better than expected at one figure the company says will be Service chose wisely when they time. There were remarkably few nearer 65,000, but this, with what selected him to do this important rejections this year and practically smaller canners have consumed work in a field never before under- all the Wisconsin fruit has been removes considerable of a crop of keeping very well, although the only a few thousand more than taken n the cranberry industry. berries are not quite as large as 500,000 total. It wouldn't be at all last year. surprising this year if growers Card in Florida paper: "Thurs averaged $12.00 or more per barrel day I lost a gold watch which I throughout. valued very highly. Immediately I inserted an 'ad' in your lost-and-Market Easing J us t before found column, and waited. Yester- Off Slightly Thanksgiving . day I went home and found the there was a Shipments Up to Thanksgiving watch in the pocket of another slight easing off in the price as Still time shipments still suit. God bless your paper." there was a very plentiful supply Ahead continued to be up in the markets-that is, plentiful over last year; 917 "Now, Father," said the missus, for the high price of $3.90 a cars having been shipped the on their arrival in London, we've barrel. Demand has been reason-Saturday before Thanksgiving. Of just got one day here, an' my idee ably good although berries were course the 1936 crop is now pretty is this: You an' Junior attend the offered in Eastern markets, Boston, well depleted but there are still museems an' public buildings, an' New York and Philadelphia for plenty of cranberries to be disposed Irene an' I'll do the churches an' $3.50, $3.60 and $3.75 a quarter of graveyards. In that way we'll see barrel. the whole town." Three A. pA. r/ .• busy, and to one from the East these workers were extremely in- An Impression OF W/Visonsin S teresting. Many of them are full- Cran berryg IbloodedIndians. Indians harvest ran erry IndS ustrry most of the Wisconsin crop. From broad flat faces, beneath straight BY THE EDITOR black hair, bright black eyes . Afis^/*~ i .At ~ y 'I the belts .e ./• .•i s watched the red berries on After a Brief Visit to W\isconsin Rapids intently. A few Indian children were running about. All of course Wisconsin Rapids on a very cool of 26 buildings at Gaynor marsh, were dre in conventional Am- were dressed in conventional Am- afternoon in late October, a con-making a miniature village. pact, bustling little community of While the appearance of the ern, usual "old" clother ventional, the usual "old" clothes modern brick and stone structures marshes, cut up into comparitively o on both sides of the rapidly-flowing small sections by the dikes may not Wisconsin river. That central Wis-be impressive at first, realization t tucked away here and there consin city, reached after 1500 of their production records and the were the dwellings of the Indians miles of driving, over the tawny cheerfullness and progressiveness a sight not to be seen about East- Alleghenny mountains of Pennsyl-of the growers more than offsets er bogs. These were not tepees, vania; rushing across the flat this. And that was the principal but cloth houses, rounded more like farming lands of Ohio and In-impression retained from the visit an Eskimo igloo. They were made diana, an easy drive through the to Wisconsin, the optimism of all apparently of old pieces of cloth, vast city of Chicago (easy after the growers, and their intense in-table cloths, pieces of canvas, posdriving in Boston;) over the beau-terest and pride in the Wisconsin ibly more than one layer tnick, tiful rolling Wisconsin hills and cranberry industry. stretched over a light wooden frame work. They a iheated by through little city-towns apparent-Mr. Dempze was no exception. fre work. are heated by ly prosperous and progressive. It was here we saw the first of the e laces o r od soe Wisconsin Rapids, besides being Wisconsin grass clippers, long bars T e I , m s o the State's cranberry center has its with handles at each end, carried eda rae re a n pep They harvest various crops in Wis pulp mills, manufacturing paper. by two men the clipper with sev-Ty hres various cros in is Mr. Vernon Goldsworth, manager eral electrically-revolving knives cin bee an ri e g of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company was a busy man, routing out his shipments, but he took us on a flying trip to many of the bogs which lie around the Rapids. Flying is said advisedly, because Mr. Goldsworth drives his Ply- which rapidly mow down the "hay" in the marshes. Mr. Dempze yearly ciipps his grass and believes that the Gaynor marsh is gradually be-e ing cleared of this grass. Cleaner bogs will be seen in the future, un- doubtedly. to n r aa n t ter to hunt and trap. Some of the growers house their workers during the harvesting sear b s. son in what are really barracks. DT'here was one suKch at theh Whittle- a opatsey Marsh, now operated by Mrs. C. . Jaspron, daughter of the mouth along shale bog roads at It was shipping time, with the late S. N. Whittlesey, Wood seldom less than 75 miles an hour. opening price to be announced the County's pioneer cranberry grower. And bog roads seem much alike the following day. Mr. Goldsworthy Here there was a huge modern country over. was busy inspecting the berries be-tile warehouse and near it the The first glimpse of a Wisconsin ing rushed through the mills. The quarters of the workers. You enter cranbery marsh is apt to be a bit "mills" were separators made in through the kitchen escorted by disappointing to an Easterner, ac-Massachusetts. TheWisconsin Sales Mr. and Mrs. Jasperson, and here customed to some of the beautiful, company this year purchased 20 in the cook is busily preparing a meal. practically weedless bogs of for a single lot for some of its mem-There is a room, with a glowing instance, Carver, Mass. The bers. Twenty more are to be bought stove where the men can play cards marshes-in Wisconsin they are in the East and shipped to Wiscon-or read or lounge about and be- never called bogs, but marshes, are sin next year. yond is the bunk room, double grassy. The sales company is extremely berths where the men sleep. Gaynor Marsh, with 97 acres un-active in Wisconsin where it These pickers are paid a limited der cultivation and a total acre-handles about 90 percent of the wage and fed and housed as a age of 2,040 in the neighboring crop. Mr. Goldsworthy buys all group during the busy fall season. town of Cranmoor, last year pro-sorts of supplies for his members Everywhere the growers were ducing 6,062 barrels, was first vis-in large quantity and they get busy and extremely pleased with ited. Charles Dempze, manager was them at cost. "Vernon" visits and their prospects. Miss Clare Smith, found in his work clothes, as was assists all growers in the state, secretary of the Wisconsin Grow- practically every Wisconsin grow-whether sales company members ers' association, attired in rough er. He was near his modernly-or not. clothing was at the head of her equipped warehouse which com-The growers were very pleased own screen. pared more than favorably with all with these new mills and every-Everywhere was an extreme in- but the larger screenhouses of the where they were exhibited with terest expressed in the cranberry East. Incidentally there is a total pride. Groups of screeners were (Continued on page 8) Four birds nest outside barns instead of THE CRANBERRY GROWER S inside like thepreceding species. ~INKB11TERCT IN 1 D I D m) C INTERESTS IN L L BIRDS By JOHN B. MAY A long, narrow strip of board nailed about a foot below the junction of the side wall and roof will |ligive the needed support for their interesting retort-shaped nests of mud, which will not stick to a smooth painted surface. (Continued from Last Month) Tree Swallow. This bird will use almost anything which a Blue- bird might use, but may use a box slightly smaller than the meas- urements given for the Bluebird. Boxes may be placed on poles anywhere in a bog or about a reservoir. Long axis vertical or horizontal. horizontal., Crested Flycatcher. Requires a slightly larger box. Interior di- mensions about 6 by 6 by 8 to 10 inches. Entrance hole 2 to 21/2 inches in diameter. Long axis hori- zontal. Prefers partial shade. Purple Martin. Our only native bird which will use a many-com- partment house without driving neighbors away. The separate nesting compartments should be about 6 by 6 inches square and 7 inches high, with an entrance of about 21/2 inches diameter. The style may vary with the ingenuity of the maker, but a suitable house may be made from a strong barrel, divided into rooms by partitions, and set on a pole 10 to 20 feet high. The entrance holes should always be well above the floor of the nest compartment. Starling. This introduced spe- cies has become very abundant and is considered a nuisance for many reasons, chief being its fondness for cereals and small fruits, and its propensity to fight with our native birds like Bluebirds, which might covet the same nesting place. How- ever, it must be admitted that about cranberry bogs the latter is the only complaint which can be made, for the Starling is not known to eat cranberries, and it destroys a tremendous quantity of injurious insects. It can be kept out of houses built for Bluebirds and Tree Swallows if the entrance hole is less than 1% inches in dia- meter, but may occupy any house made for a Crested Flycatcher or Purple Martin. Wood Duck. This beautiful lit- te duck is a destroyer of mosqupainted urface toes and other aquatic insects and should be encouraged wherever bog reservoirs furnish suitable sur- roundings. Nest boxes are some- times constructed by cutting a hole in the side of a nail keg and fas- tening the keg to a tree in woods near the water or in a dead tree standing in the pond. The inside measurements of a box should be about 10 by 10 by 18 to 24 inches, and the entrance should be about 4 inches wide by 5 or 6 inches high. Some birds which do not nest in holes may be attracted by other simple devices. Robin. This bird uses mud in nest construction and so appre- ciates shelter from rains. Robins often build on projections under the eaves of a house or shed, or under a bridge or overhanging bank. Shallow open wooden boxes about 6 by 6 inches square may be fas- tened under some protection like eaves, or an open nesting place can be made of two pieces of boards about 6 or 7 inches square, one forming a floor and the other a roof, separated by four corner posts about 7 inches long. Unless the roof slants, however, the Rob- ins may try to build on top of the box instead of inside it. Bank Swallow or Sand Martin. These little birds, which dig burrows in the vertical face of sand banks, are very useful as destroyers of mosquitoes and all small fly ig insects such as the adult forms f mny cranberry pests. If a i f sand for the bogs is obtained, they should be encouraged whenever possible, and their nests unmolested. Song Sparrows, Thrashers, Towhees, etc. Many birds will nest about the bogs and help in the fight n insect pests, if suitable nesting sites may be found. If occasionally a small clump of bushes is left in the ofump is lef cl bushes aout th irds i rea t os about bogs, the birds will repay the a Ee rds narly clse as seed-eaters usually feed r nestlings lmost entirely upon e oo_ Comets Return to Sun Most comets return to mne sun after a period of years. Biela's comet on its return In 1846 split intovisit twocameparts and twdins its backras on nextetwo vst came back a in -wo the same orbit f ormerlyoccupied by one and on the same time schedule. There are several records of such multiple comets. The converse of this phenomenon is hoebe. Mostoi the remarksmorecommon. They break regarding the Robin apply to this bird, but the Phoebe is slightly smaller. It seldom builds far from water. Barn Swallow. Boxes similar to those used for the Phoebe and Rob- in may be placed inside barns or other sheds, or a short cleat can be nailed to a rafter or a lath nailed across two rafters with its end projecting, or sufficient foundation for the mud structure may be sup- plied by two nails driven partly into a beam or rafter. There sh be a permanent opening into every barn so that swallows can enter freelyACUSHNET Cliff or Eave Swallow. These up. What causes this is unknown. Disintegration probably is caused by the same forces that cause them to split. Metals from Soot. A mining company in Japan wiM refine 1,300 tons of soot from the chimneys of its refineries and expects to recover nearly $17,000 worth of silver gold and copper. R HUT R HU Hould Down ise--Knocked 25 Lots 71/2c each F. 0. B. New Bedford SA MILLS NEW BEDFORD, MASS. Five Model Village for Bog Workers Being Ellis D. Atwood is Providing New Attractive Homes for Steady Employees, Rent Free, Tax Free, Lights and Wide Streets, -Dozen Already Constructed A model village for cranberry bog workers is a project now well underway by Ellis D.D. AtwoodAtwood ofof Ellis South Carver, Massachusetts. HeLe the 45 or 50 who are given year- around work by Mr. Atwood will eventualy dwell in small modern homes all in a little community, entiresal rnta free le communityentirely rentfrehis It is a plan which apparently would interest President Roose- velt or Secretary Tugwell a rais- cing of ving oft a kers standards class of workers who only too often live in unsanitarydepressing and hovels. Mr. Atwood evidently be- lieves, without talking too much about it, that he is doing his bt to elevate and make life in a strugg- ingmuchworldmore satisfactory for a small group of humanity which labors for him throughout the year. It is reminiscent of a Southern Plantation with the owner taking an interest in his workers, but of course without the ugly features of the old slavery days. But a word first about Mr. At- wood himself. He has been en- gaged in raising cranberries all his life and his father S. Dexter At- wood before him, until his death 21 years ago. Mr. Atwood is a direc- tor of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association and of the New England Cranberry Sales Company. He is one of te men who sets your opening price and is of course one of the outstanding cranberry men of Massachusetts and the industry as a whole. He bog, about There S'x owns about 192 acres of and averages a harvest of 10,000 barrels each fall. are 1800 acres of land in Built by Massachusetts Grower his entire holding, all practically in a single piece, right in the heart of the Massachusets cran- berry growing region. There are conservatively 300 more acres of undeveloped bog land included. IIe has now 48 sections of bog, with a reservoir of 400 acres or more, which on frost night can flood the enitire bog acreage in abouit a couple of hours. He maintains 15 miles of roads, a little of it hard-surfaced, about six miles of dikes, a hundred or so flumes and bridges, about 35 miles of ditches. He has about a mile of bog railroad and thre locomotives. He has two power shovels. With his property all in one district and bogs not scattered in several towns and even counties, as is un- fortunately the case wit hmany of the larger Massachusetts bog men, he finds it greatly aids efficiency. And he certainly does seem to elieve in efficiency. All of his bogs have been surveyed and blue- printed, surveyed by Mr. Atwood, himself. He has a huge Fairchilds aerial photograph taken from a two-mile elevation of his property and surrounding territory. He has loose leaf books with the blueprints of each piece of bog where careful records may be kept of production, experiments and bog work. To get back to the model village, however. As we said before he em- ploys about 50 workers practically every day in the year. Many of these have lived in little old "shacks" located about his prop- erty. A couple of years or so ago he conceived the idea of gradually placing them in new model homes in a well-planned development, The contrast between the two types of buildings is very evident in the photographs on page? At present about a dozen little cottages have been constructed along "Eda" boulevard (the name is from his initials.) This is a wide two lane highway with grass and catalpa trees down the center. The houses set about 40 feet back from the road. Every one is a little bit different from each other. They cost about $600 or $700 for two room houses for the single men, to more than $1,000 for the four room houses with bath. Each has electric lights and some have their own electric pumps for water. Eda avenue has street lights maintained by Mr. Atwood. The cottages sit among pine trees and it is planned to have the surroundings landscaped. Cape Verdeans, which form such a large part of the Cape Cod bog laborers are housed on one side of the street. The other side is for those of the white race. Finnish workers and a few Yankees. For these cottages Mr. Atwood makes no charge at all for rent. At least his workers will always have roofs over their heads. The cot tages are attractively designed. There is a Cape Cod type house, nearby one of English design. There are about a dozen already in use. Several more will probably be built this year. They will be added to each year when Mr. Atwood gets a good crop until eventually all his steady workers will have their rent free homes in this model community. A Cape Verdean at present maintains a little Store near the head of the street. A corner lot has been reserved for a new store a little later. Directly at the head of the head of the street, is a rather odd tower building. It was built for a tower look out. It is at present used as the office of the superintendent, who incidentally lives in a very pleasant big house on a hill, a house that any middle class man would be pleased to own. And yet that Mr. Atwood is not dictatorial is shown by an incident the day the writer visited the property. He said he planned to use the lower part of this tower as a library for his village. He mentioned the fact to his foreman, Manuel Mello, a young man who maintains great interest in the men. (Continued on page 9) 0> ~ ISSUE OF DECEMBER, 1936 mo Vol. 1 WHAT ABOUT NEXT YEAR? U. S. crop statisticians have finally set the 1936 crop for the country at just a trifle under that of last year, 515,000 barrels. That means two excessively lean crops in succession and in fact 1934 was even less. The bogs should therefore have had a good long "rest" from heavy or even normal bearing. Next year's harvest is of course months and months away, but what might be a long range forecast? Indications would seem to point to a considerably larger quantity of cranberries in 1937- that is barring unforseen mishaps. The Massachusetts crop, which has been very light, should trend upward; a great deal more insect control is being practiced; false blossom disease has been extensively fought in New Jersey; the Wisconsin bogs have recovered from the severe winter kill of several years ago and the growers there are progressive, using modern growing methods and putting in quite a little new bog; the West Coast bogs are increas- ing and seem to be in the habit of having excellent yields. CRANBERRIES in its first issue last spring forecast a small crop this year. Now just for the fun of the thing it is taking a shot in the dark and "guessing" that next year will see a greatly increased yield for the country as a whole. Bog workers everywhere would seem to owe Ellis D. Atwood of South Carver, Massachusetts, a debt of gratitude. His "Model Village" project as described in this issue points the way for betterment of the workers' living conditions. While it may be criticised as paternalist in idea it fits right in with the present trend of big employers being conscious of their respon- sibility to those who depend upon them for a livelihood. No. 8 NBERRy PUBLISHED MONTHLY PUBLISHED MONTHLY at the WAREHAM COURIER OFFICE, WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, U. S. A. CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor Subscription $2.00.'per year Advertising rates upon application CORRESPONDENTSADVISORS CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS New Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Pullman, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oreon Massachusetts D Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New York City Representative KENT LIGHTY 280 Madison Ave. Tel. Lexington 2-3595 Seven Wheelbarrows -Sand Screens -Bog Tools For Economical Ice Sanding Sand Spreaders Spreaders for All Sizes of Steel Dump Bodies Hand and Hydraulic Hoist Steel Dump Bodies For 2 Ton and 1 Ton Trucks RepresentativeWorthington Bog umps 3ft. to 30 ft. Hayden CranberrySeparatorMfg. Co. 367 Main St. Wareham, Mass. IMPRESSIONS OF WISKCONSIN (Continued from page 4) bogrs of the East. Ever whee growers wanted to learn of what was new, of new and improved equipment. And at the possibility of not appearing modest, we must say all expressed great interest in your new cranberry magazine. "It's a great little magazine. We find at least one article in each number. that is worth the cost alone. Give us more articles by some of your experts in the East, especially Dr. Franklin. We would like to learn about his experiments. (Dr. Frank- lin take note, please.) Whizzing along again past the acres of bogs, along dirt roads through tamarack swamps. Wis- consin has almost unlimited areas which can be put into productive marsh at less cost than in the East. "Brown Bush" country is considered the best there as in Massachusetts. Eight ^A youthful-appearing talk with Bernard Brazeau at the Central Cranbery Co., who was one of the few growers wearing "dressed up" clothes and not at work himself. But then he raised Wisconsin's largest crop of 5,000 barrels this year and so may be pardoned for taking an afternoon off. He was one of the two Wisconsin growers who purchased airplanes for dust- ing this year. Wisconsin growers will even buy flying machines if they believe they will improve their properties. And so it went. But it is dusk, the marshes are but dark, blurred areas under a sunset sky which glowed with a brilliant cold light. A beautiful broad sky with its great Western star twinkling over the Wisconsin flats. One more stop was necessary, Mr. Goldsworthy insisted. That was a visit to the new pumping plant on the Wisconsin river where a group of growers have formed a water corporation, putting in a total of $50,000 to insure adequate water supplies for the section Telephone 497-W around Cranmoor at all times. We have forgotten just what the capacity of this huge pump is but the water is carried through a long main ditch to the bog country where individual ditches carry it to the bogs. Wisconsin has real frosts --at the moment it was 20 above and to go to 10 before morning, and said to be an unusually warm fall at that. The growers there are not afraid to use water and this new water project has already proved its merit, and that the pooling together of these growers to provide water for their section was well worth while. And that is the impression the writer carried away from Wisconson, an impression of friendly cooperation; a great progressiveness, extreme faith in Wisconsin as a coming cranberry state. The remark that Wisconsin will be raising 100,000 barrels before long does not seem to be mere idle talk. The Wisconsin growers are not discouraged about cranberry growing in Wisconsin. Model Village (Continued from Page 3) Mr. Mello said he, however, had planned to open this tower this winter as a sort of club room for the men. "I think that is a fine idea," Mr. Atwood said. "That's better than the library." So the tower house will be a club this year. Incidentally he already has a li- Incidntalyalady has a brary with many magazines lying on a long table. This is in his ma- chine shop, where there is a stove and the men may gather at night. A night watchman is maintained all the time, who makes his rounds the makes his rounds with a time clock system. Close by is one of the world's largest screenhouse. it is a two story building with brick ends. t is 200 feet long by 58 feet wide, with a screening room addition 16 x 50. It has a capacity of 8,00) barrels with a packing capacity of 2,000 quarterbarrels boxes a day. It is arranged for the utmost effi- ciency. Yet, here again Mr. Atwood's consideration for his workers comes in. The building is ventilated with cool air coming in from vents near the bottom and drawn out through the top. In the room where the screeners work, which provides space for 28, although the usual crew is 14, the air is warmed and controlled thermostatically and again forced out. The walls are painted a bright white, there is no straining of eyes, as there are plenty of electric lights, and believe it or not there is a radio so that the women may have entertainment while they sort the ber- ies. There is no freezing of hands and feet in this screening room. Mr. Atwood buys shooks and makes his own boxes. This provides winter work, or work for rainy or work fore tr i days. As mentioned before there is a machine shop, with a full-time machinist, a stock yard, and he has four of about two dozen power picking machines owned in Massa chusetts. All in all Mr. Atwood believes in being as good as possible to all his employes. Some have been in his employ for mre than 30 years. Most all for a number of years. That they appreciate his considera- tion is well demonstrated by the fact that two years ago when the famous "Cape Cod Cranberry Strike" was in progres and work- ers were stoned, trucks tipped over, men beaten and bog owners and foremen went about armed with revolvers and guns there was no trouble of any kind on the Atwood bogs. He finds they keep their houses neat and clean. Th bogs on the aof properthistory well maintained, and at one spot there is a lilly pond, which was planned by Mr. Mello. About this flowers grow and there is a rustic bridge Many of the general public visit this spot. And still furtherinscribed Awho still further revealing of Mr. Atwood's character is the fact that he has never posed the "No Trespassing" signs which are maintaed on most bogs in Mas- achusetts. The general public is sachusetts. The general public is free to visit his property and to fish in his many streams and brooks. At intervals there are bar- rels placed for rubbish, and on pleasant Sundays there will bea dozen or more automobiles, with parties engaged in fishing or pic- nicing. nd still he nds there is none or little abuse of this generosity. The whole idea of Mr. Atwood's intention is a revelation of how generosity and fairness on the part of a big cranberry owner pays not only dividends in human content, but seemingly also in financial terms. History of Yarmouth Yarmouth, soutwest gateway to Nova Scotia, is wound up in the history of the sea and it goes back far beyond the days when white men began set tling in the new world in the Six teenth century, for at Yarmouth is a Runic stone which scholars say in 1001 by Lief Erik- n The inscription on this stone is interpreted as reading "Lief to Eris Raises" (this monument), Lief Erikson, having dedicated it to his father Erik the Red, ruler of Greenland. We Have Lisiazgs of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Ge. A Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts National Ba k of Wareha WAREHAM, MASS. Established as a State Bank 1833 Entered National system 1865 Small loans are made to parties who are of legal age having a good reputation and steady income. The amount of the loan is based upon ability to meet the obligation and loans may be repaid in convenient weekly or monthly payments consistent with income received. lDEPARTM ENTS Commercial Trust Savings Safe Deposit l Nine The following is one of a series of excerps from a bulletin "The Cultivation of the Highbush Blue- berry," by Stanley Johnson, po- mologist at the Agricultural Ex- periment station at the Michigan State college at South Haven, Michigan. Mr. Johnson writes that at pres- ent there are about 75 acres of cultivated blueberries in that state, ranging in age from one to eight raging fvgrom to in ag one years. There is considerable inter- est in Southern Michigan in grow- ing this berry at present, and blue- berry culture is one of the main projects at the station at this time. A number of experiments relative to cultural operations are being cadd otr r e e carried out and rather extensive br gwk is u y, wh the year after planting, all plants received equal amounts of complete fertilizer. The differences in growth in the different boxes were ap- parent at the end of the first year and became increasingly obvious until the end of the experiment aft ter four seasons. The plans growing where the water table was maintained at six inches made a comparatively small growth, te foliage being sparse, abnormally colored, and dropping prematurely. Where the water table was maintained-at 30 inches, the plants made a small growth, al- though the foliage was almost nor- mal in appearance. Their produc- tion, however, was the lowest of any. The plants growing where the water table was maintained at 22 precipitation, except April, and this month was only 0.14 inches above normal. In the spring of 1931, it was observed that many blueberry bushes on the higher locations scattered about the plantation were not blossoming, while bushes located on the lower levels where more moisture was available were blossoming normally. By means of gas pipe wells, water table readings werein the blue- taken in 1933 at two locations 1933 at two locations in the blue berry plantation from April until the end of the fruiting season in August. The water table at station A was typical of the larger part of the plantation, while station B was located on a knll in which the water table was considerably lower than at station A. Yield records i were obtainedtotalfor the plant located closest to each station. These plants were of the Rubel variety and in their seventh growing sea son. The plant at station A, produced 7.5 quarts of fruit, while that at station B, produced 1.1 quarts. It is true that the soil at station A was somewhat more fertile than at station B, although both had received like amounts of commercial fertilizer. However, much of the difference in growth and yield must be attributed to the difference in moisture supply. Instances of blueberry plants dying from a deficiency of moisture have been observed. The unthrifty plants were set on a knoll a few inches higher than the remainder of the field. The plants were set in the spring of 1930, and each year following a few of them died. In 1933, during a severe drought in August, several plants on the knoll dried up completely, while those on the lower land a few feet away were making normal growth. about crossd s . 10,000 s ;about 10,000 crossbred seedlings ill (Continued from last month) The amount of moisture in the soil is another important factor in the growth and production of the highbush blueberry. In order to de- termine the importance of the height of the water table in the soil, four large galvanized iron pans, 12 feet long, four feet wide, and six inches deep, were made.. These were placed at different levels in the soil, one being six inches from the surface, one 14 inches, one 22 inches, and one 30 inches. Boxes were built of matched lumber from the pans to the surface and these boxes were lined with heavy roofing material. The boxes and pans were then filled with a uniform soil mixture of sand and acid muck. Twelve uni- form Rubel plants were planted in each box. The pans were kept filled with water at all times. Beginning Ten breeding work is underway, within hsa prenom e inches appeared normal in every way. n prouc I gtand wfiday. In total growth and produc- tion, however, this plot was not as good as the 14-inch water table. This experiment indicates that a water table at a depth of about 14 inches in the soil is best. Field tests show that very good results can be obtained where the water table is between 14 and 22 inches, particularly in April, May, and June. Fruit bud formation was de- cidedly influenced by the height of the water table in this experiment It is apparent that a deficiency of moisture retarded fruit bud de- velopment. Another striking ex- ample of this condition was ob- served in the field in 1930, which, according to the official weather records, was the driest year in Michigan between 1931 and 1887 when the records were started in 1887. At South Haven, the total precipitation was 24.75 inches, 9.01 inches below normal. Every month in the year was below normal in Blueberry plants are sometimes killed by excess of water. One Michigan grower planted a large number of plants in a pocket or "kettle-hole" until the crowns of the plants were completely covered. It was impossible to drain away the water until late in June and a large portion of the plants were killed. Several growers lost plants in the OF R spring of 1933, due to heavy rains following planting. Care should be used to avoid land that is likely to be flooded during some growing seasons. Moderately wet land canL be planted provided the plants are placed on mounds or back furrows. The experiments described and the examples cited indicate clearly the important part that moisture plays in the culture of the high- bush blueberry. prospective The C grower should select his land care- fully with reference to the conditions that will influence the available moisture in the soil. The owner of a blueberry plantation al- ready in existence may be able to improve his production by properly managing his drainage ditches so as to increase or reduce the amountY of water as desired. Rain spots can be removed from suede shoes by rubbing with fine emery board. Wri tng 1known In AV rilltlg VS TH 'NTY VA i MASSACHUSETTS A I HAVE By NEIL (Editor's Note). Neil E. Stevens, who is at present a professor in the University of Illinois was through his work in the cranberry industry extremely well to many cranberry growers. His chief work lay inplant disease research. K KNOWN E. STEVENS Allie Hathaway is a philosopher in overalls. In the early days of the World War when the currency was n infla a a wr ing inate an wages ere mounting, Hathaway, who is one of finest mechanics in East Ware ham, Mass., and as far as I know never out of a job, took the stand which I suspect was justified by the facts, that the payment of high wages was unnecessary and artificial. He insisted that if peoplewould simply refuse to pay or to accept high wages, we would go ahead on the old basis without being disturbed. Unlike most of us he lived up to his convictions and during the period of the war, while inexperienced and relatively unskilled men all around him were getting from three to six times as much as he was, he continued to work at prewar wages. This, no doubt, sounds silly to some, yet, I have no doubt that the martyrs of all ages are looked upon as silly by many of their contemporaries. Eleven AI n YHis own introduction to this series of rather personal little articles follows. It was begun several years ago. rp ~ ~ITo wshgnsvrlyasaothe -~~To ^ALLIE HATHAWAY ADVERTISEtRIS Please Mention I have more than once heard Allie Hathaway remark that he would rather be in one of Joe Lin- coln's books than anything he could think of, and I believe that if Joseph Lincoln knew Mr. Hatha- way he would certainly be there, for his personality well deserves a lCr'berrics'' place with Keziah Coffin, The De- Cranberries " Extensive Experience in Extesive Expe e i AtELECTRICAL WORK ad At Scree nsSatsfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 ..... m__..... pot Master, the Post Master, Mr. Pratt, Dr. Nye, and Galusha the Magnificent. I well remember one of the first remarks he ever made to me, which was shortly after I was mar- ried He said, "Now remember, Stevens, husbands don't amount to much, I have been married twice and I ought to know." 'I'. C I I^ . -^ment in size of berry as determined h Cranberry Crop by the cup count. (Average of ten Fertilizing Ferhtthe zng cups.) The average for the nitro- By F. L. MUSBACH In the 46th Annual Report of the Table No. 2.-Yields per acre on deep peat in Price County with 600 pounds Wisconsin Cranberry Growers As-fertilizer per acre applied June, 1934. sociation the writer reported re sut otaine e o r-Treatment with te sults obtained with the use of fer-Barrels per acre tilizers on peat bogs in Wisconsin. Cup count Twoof theplots located in h1935 1936 Av. 1935 1936 Two of the plots located in the Central part of the state shoed no Central part of the state showed no consistent increases which might be ascribedto various fertilizer be ascribed to various fertilizer combinations. On another plot in the northern district (Washburn County) fairly consistent response was obtained from fertilizer use, particularly with mixtures contain- wvith ing nitrogen and soluble phosphate. In 1934 another series of plots were laid out on the Cranberry Lake Development Company bog in Price County representing the northern district of the state. Sarles Jumbos were planted on deep peat (7' or more) in 1914. The vine growth was fairly uni- form, and an effort was made to secure heavier stands of vines. This peat is well decomposed, and rep- resents bog that has produced con- siderable tree gowth, chiefly Coni- fers. The soil has a Ph of 5.2 to 5.3. Available plant food, phosphorus and potas, is considered low, aver- aging 10 to 25 pounds of phos- phorus per acre, and 100 to · 140 pounds of potash. Various rates and fertilizer combinations were applied uni- formly at the rate of 600 pounds per acre on June 14, 1934 after the last reflow. No harvests were taken in 1934. In 1935 and 1936 the plots were harvested separately by the usual method of raking under water. In the following table is in- dicated the treatment and yield for 1935 and 1936. Nitrogen was derived from 16% nitrate of soda in all cases except the 8-16-8 an dthe 12-16-8 where /2 was derived from milorganite, and 1/2 from nitrate of soda, phos.- phoric acid from 20% super, and potash from muriate of potash. 1935 results-The plots receiving nitrogen only (average of 4%, 8%, and 12% N) yielded 115.6 barrels per acre, or 20 barrels above the average of the six blanks. The 12-0-0 (Equivalent to 450 pounds of Twelve 4-0-0 ...... 114.6 31.6 73.1 67.5 11 8-0-0 ...... 97.9 22.9 60.4 66.5 114 12-0-0 .... 134.5 33.1 83.8 68.1 126 Average .. 115.6 29.2 72.4 67.4 117 4-16-0 .... 104.0 24.6 64.3 69.8 116 8-16.0 .... 106.8 23.1 64.9 61.8 119 12-16-0 .. 131.7 26.4 79.0 63.6 129 Average .. 114.2 24.7 69.4 65.1 121 4-16-8 .... 109.0 30.1 69.5 65.0 115 8-16-8 .... 113.5 31.1 72.3 65.8 112 12-16-8 .. 129.5 29.9 79.7 59.5 111 Average .. 117.3 30.4 73.8 63.4 112 Blanks Average 6.. 95.2 25.5 60.3 74.5 123 16% nitrate of soda) gave the highest yield. The 8-0-0 plot is an exception to the general trend of increased yields following in- creasednitrogen application. The nitrogen-phosphate plots, on the average, gave a little lower yield than the nitrogen only. The high yield in this series again comes with the 12% nitrogen treatment. Phosphate, at least for the present has not been effective in increasing yields used in combination with nitrogen at the various levels em- ployed. The addition of potassium in the N-P-K series gave an average of 117.3 barrels, and represents a slight increase over the N-P or the N. only plot. Again the trend is marked showing the benefits from increasing amounts of N. The data are quite consistent with reference to the benefits obtained from using nitrogen in increasing amounts. This is true whether phosphate, or phosphate and potash are included nitrate of sodaorganicinllcaseseceptcatedinorganicP. an in the mixture. As already indi- cated organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen were used in the 8-16-8 and the 12-16-8 mix- gen only series is 67.4; the N-P series, 65.1; and the N-P-K, 63.4. 1936 Results-The crop from the various plots was again harvested the average the yield is about 1' of the 1935 crop. During the early growing season the condition of the vines and degree of budding indi cated a normal crop. During the blossoming period, however, ex- tree teperature conditions at te critical period caused heavy loss in fruit set. The average tempera ture for July at Prentice, twelve miles distant was 6.8 degrees above normal. For five days unusually high readings, 101-107 degrees were reorded and for nearly one half of the month maxi- readings ranged from 92 to 107 degrees. The high temperatures together with deficient rainfall (.42) resulted in not only a poor yield but also inferior quality. The plots receiving nitrogen only averaged29.2 barrels; the N-P plots, 24.7 barrels; the N-P-K plots, 30.4 barrels, and the Blanks, 25.5 barrels. The yields show little, if any, relation to fertilizer treatments irrespective of the composition of the mixtures used. The size of berry, as show by the cup count, likewise indicates the deteriorating effects of the unseasonable summer temperatures. This is especially marked when the size of the 1936 berry is compared with that of 1935. (Continued next month) W-FF W Pneumatic tire wheels fit any wheel barrow. Ideal for cranberry bogs. Write for folder and prices. ROBERT W. CLARK 0. Box 53 South Weymouth Massachusetts Eldredge Sos, I tures, and as will be pointed outrege S , . later there appears to be an ad-Eldredge Apartments vantage in having a part of the Corner Main and Sawyer Streets nitrogen from sources less quickly WAREHAM, MASS. available. For this reason compari-Specialists in insurance on Cranbersons with the N-P-K series are not ries, bog buildings, and equipment. strictly comparable. 30 years in the insurance The effect of the various treat-business in Wareham ments shows a marked improve-_ _ _ _ _ WISCONSIN CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY Wholesale and carload buyers for boxes, creosoted lumber, cement, hardware, thermometers, cranberry mills, fertilizer, lime, iron sulphate, insecticides, roofing, belting, electrical equipment, tractors, sprayers, paint, rake teeth, weed killers, doors, windows and similar items. f03 .0O< >O< O-<' 0<'.0<'"'0==O --<OC~-~< O< ~OOOC~0 o! To the One Interested ° o0 0 0o c .Cc ccIES 0>c CcAB 0 U ,0 A Year's Subscription U to o^^—^^^^1^ Q 4i^^^ This Cranberry o 0 $2.00 per year Magazine Q>O0~0~>O< 2Q: <'" '"-<_. __ . >00"< > -"3OC '<-" >O . _ O< 0 ' Bollars rri for C~an 1. On growers' uniting to market the crop. 2. On dealers' cooperation to push the sale of cranberries to the consumer. 3. On grower and buyer team-work. The growers have set up Cranberry Canners, Inc., to help accomplish these three desirable objects. Growers who work with Cranberry Canners are really working together. Cranberry Canners, Inc., has the support of some 3000 buyers. Here are a few of their comments, typical of thousands: "Permit the writer to congratulate you." ..... Colorado. "The only purpose of this letter is to let you know we believe you are entirely right. We compliment you on your ideal." ..... Mississippi. "I wish every wholesale grocer in the country could have a copy of your letter which so clearly brings out the high plane on which Cranberry Canners, Inc., conducts its business." ..... Florida. "I feel prompted to convey to you my appreciation for the fair attitude you express. It is regrettable our fruit and vegetable growers do not have the same reasoning." ..... Michigan. Think what it means to cranberry growers to have 3000 buyers really interested in them, their progress, and profit. It insures a fair price every year, increasing the value of cranberry land, bringing more income to growers, their dependents, and heirs. You ask, "Can this really be done?" It IS being done by a group of growers who have set up Cranberry Canners, Inc., as their agency to weld the grower and distributor into a complete marketing machine, to give the consumer quality, the dealer fair pay for what he does, and more and surer dollars to growers. Those who are not working for this plan are working against it. CRANBERRY CANNERS, INC. South Hanson Massachusetts Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page PREVIOUS.............Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine November, 1936 NEXT.................Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine January, 1937 GO TO INDEX
Object Description
Title | Cranberries - The National Cranberry Magazine, 1936-12 |
Subject | Cranberries - The Magazine; |
Type | Text |
Format | image/pdf; |
Identifier | 3612CRAN.pdf |
Rights | 2008 Wetherby Cranberry Library; |
Submitting Institution | Wetherby Cranberry Library; |
Date Digitized | 2000-11-10 |
Coverage-Spatial | Cape Cod; New Jersey; Wisconsin; Oregon; Washington |
Coverage-Temporal | 1930-1939; |
Creator | Bob Taylor; Carolyn Gilmore; Carolyn Laban; Irving Demoranville; Phillip E. Marucci; Elizabeth G. Carpenter; I. V. Hall; Arthur Poole; Azmi Y. Shawa, Tod D. Planer; Dan Brockman; Joan E. Humphrey |
Date | 1936-12 |
Date Last Updated | 2008-07-31 |
Language | English |
Relation | Cranberries - The National Cranberry Magazine |
Description | The magazine entitled, “Cranberries – The National Cranberry Magazine,” describes grower information, regional news, and developments in the cranberry industry in the United States and Canada. |
Format-Medium | Magazine; |
Publisher | Wareham Courier Office |
Digitizer | Stosh Jonjak |
Description
Subject | Cranfest; Recipes |
Type | Image |
Format | Image/jpeg |
Rights | 2008 Wetherby Cranberry Library |
Submitting Institution | Wetherby Cranberry Library |
Date Digitized | 2008-07-22 |
Coverage-Spatial | Warrens, Wisconsin |
Creator | Cranfest; Warrens Cranberry Festival |
Date Last Updated | 2008-10-15 |
Language | English |
Relation | cranfest recipe brochures |
Description | For more photographs like this one, visit the Cranberry Library Photostream on Flickr at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cranberrylibrary/sets/ |
Format-Medium | brochure |
Publisher | Cranfest; Warrens Cranberry Festival |
Transcript |
REPRESENTING A $5,000,000. A YEAR INDUSTR Y
at sgzolAL CRANBERRY MAGAZIN
CAPE COD
NEW JERSEY
WISCONSIN
OREGON
WASHINGTON
9 36
WRITE US _
TEL.
28-2RBALEYCO SOUTH CARVER
CARVER
MASSACHUSETTS
ESTABLISHED 1895
WE ARE BUSY NOW
Turning Out
Pneumatic Wheel If Desired
Ice Sanding may be just ahead. We
have everything you need.
For Large Growers -Our Gas Locomotive Will
Save You Money in Sanding-Even on Short Trips
THE BAILEY PUMP Pu
Will Solve o4-in. 20-in.
-... ~ ~ 800 to 14,000
Your PYumpn.......-JJGal. ~S Capacity
Per Minute
uestion
WE MANUFACTURE ALL KINDS OF CRANBERRY EQUIPMENT
We can supply you whatever you want-tell us your problems.
~~I ~~~ C ~~~~ I bC-Lr "~~~~~
~~P~~b"%4~~~~--··c~~lF-~~~ b~~.~~·llp~~~~i
The
Total Barrels
454,000
1935
result of an aggressive sales T
lTotal Barrels
policy-a year by year accumula
tion of good will with the trade 463 00
and sound educational advertising
1915 Exchange average sale price
plus the cooperation and support of the three states,
$6.32 per barrel
of growers who have done their
1935 Exchange average sale price
part to help these achievements. of the three states,
$12.34 per barrel
Have you done your part?
Increased price per barrel 1935
The record of achievement shows over 1915
every grower of cranberries should $ er rr
support
One
l~l~t~t~-,~r~~:~lllltllllllA O iiii~~
V·IEWi F
i~ ~EA VENUE S AREU
A , HOING
:~~~~~~~~~~~NING
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iiiiljj·
~. li~l~lrl:il'~ll'II
Aboe-OL TPESHNIE::::::::::::::::E NG EPLACE
B I
Belw--LAOO ADBIDG
i~~~~~~i~~~~H TOERHOS
~~~~~i;:-;lcbwrs qTwoiPbS~iB~ eB~I~~~~;
oljONAL CRANBERRy MACAZ/k
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS ByC.J.H.
Government Federal crop stat-Should Be Although a little sag Soon Have Colored
Estimate isticians on No-Excellent in the market might
vember 12 set the Average well be expected at Photos of Many
United States cranberry crop at this time, consider515,000
barrels or 4,200 less than ing the very good prices, it is notg Weed
last year's lean yield. The Massa-anticipated there will be any serichusetts
crop dropped 10,000 bar-ous trouble in getting the final The County Extension Service
rels from October to November; to berries disposed of. With a good of Massachusetts will soon have
360,000 compared to 332,000for price right from thevery openg colored pictures of an extensive
1935. New Jersey dropped 10,000 111o1d colored pictures of an extensive
1935. New of the market on blacks and a
to 75,000 or 10,000 less than last correspondingly high price for group of weeds which trouble the
year. Wisconsin, due primarily to Howes and other lates, growers cranberry grower.
the drought, was cut to 59,000 should have received a splendid With these pictures will be a life
Washington producin81,00with average price for their fruit this history of each weed, and informa-
Washington 6,700 year.
producing or
300 less than last year, and Oregon tion as to control.
gaining 100 barrels at 4,600. The grower can become familiar
Retail Price Cranberries are with the various kinds of weeds
Is High now retailing at and quickly learn which ones do
Others Figure Although the 20 and 21 cents damage, and the best methods of
Little Less Federal figure is per pound, a fairly stiff figure in control.
for 360,000 bar-comparison with many other food Dr. William Sawyer, supportedrels in Massachusetts, some es-stuffs. b nn rv,
timate that this will be a bit high.
The crop is placed by these at from done, in his usually successful
325,000 to 330,000 or possibly Canners Aid The effect of can way, amostvaluable piece of work
350,000 as top. On Pre which will save annually thousands
On gPrice ning has undoubt
edy been a factor of dollars to cranberry growers.
in price maintenance. One can-The work requires unusualWisconsin Says Reports from ner, alone, Cranberry Canners, Inc., knowledge as well as no end of
60,000 Barrels the Sales com-of South Hanson, Mass., was pre-experience, patience, and skill.
pany in Wis-pared to take 100,000 barrels off D. Sawyer has them all and
consin indicate 60,000 barrels there, the fresh fruit market if neces-.
as the crop was being cleaned up sary. As it has turned out, the directors of the Extension
much better than expected at one figure the company says will be Service chose wisely when they
time. There were remarkably few nearer 65,000, but this, with what selected him to do this important
rejections this year and practically smaller canners have consumed work in a field never before under-
all the Wisconsin fruit has been removes considerable of a crop of
keeping very well, although the only a few thousand more than taken n the cranberry industry.
berries are not quite as large as 500,000 total. It wouldn't be at all
last year. surprising this year if growers Card in Florida paper: "Thurs
averaged $12.00 or more per barrel day I lost a gold watch which I
throughout. valued very highly. Immediately I
inserted an 'ad' in your lost-and-Market Easing J us t before found column, and waited. Yester-
Off Slightly Thanksgiving . day I went home and found the
there was a Shipments Up to Thanksgiving watch in the pocket of another
slight easing off in the price as Still time shipments still suit. God bless your paper."
there was a very plentiful supply Ahead continued to be up
in the markets-that is, plentiful over last year; 917 "Now, Father" said the missus,
for the high price of $3.90 a cars having been shipped the on their arrival in London, we've
barrel. Demand has been reason-Saturday before Thanksgiving. Of just got one day here, an' my idee
ably good although berries were course the 1936 crop is now pretty is this: You an' Junior attend the
offered in Eastern markets, Boston, well depleted but there are still museems an' public buildings, an'
New York and Philadelphia for plenty of cranberries to be disposed Irene an' I'll do the churches an'
$3.50, $3.60 and $3.75 a quarter of graveyards. In that way we'll see
barrel. the whole town."
Three
A. pA. r/ .• busy, and to one from the East
these workers were extremely in-
An Impression OF W/Visonsin S
teresting. Many of them are full-
Cran berryg
IbloodedIndians. Indians harvest
ran erry IndS ustrry most of the Wisconsin crop. From
broad flat faces, beneath straight
BY THE EDITOR black hair, bright black eyes
. Afis^/*~ i .At ~ y 'I the belts
.e ./• .•i s watched the red berries on
After a Brief Visit to W\isconsin Rapids intently. A few Indian children
were running about. All of course
Wisconsin Rapids on a very cool of 26 buildings at Gaynor marsh, were dre in conventional Am-
were dressed in conventional Am-
afternoon in late October, a con-making a miniature village.
pact, bustling little community of While the appearance of the ern, usual "old" clother
ventional, the usual "old" clothes
modern brick and stone structures marshes, cut up into comparitively o
on both sides of the rapidly-flowing small sections by the dikes may not
Wisconsin river. That central Wis-be impressive at first, realization t tucked away here and there
consin city, reached after 1500 of their production records and the were the dwellings of the Indians
miles of driving, over the tawny cheerfullness and progressiveness a sight not to be seen about East-
Alleghenny mountains of Pennsyl-of the growers more than offsets er bogs. These were not tepees,
vania; rushing across the flat this. And that was the principal but cloth houses, rounded more like
farming lands of Ohio and In-impression retained from the visit an Eskimo igloo. They were made
diana, an easy drive through the to Wisconsin, the optimism of all apparently of old pieces of cloth,
vast city of Chicago (easy after the growers, and their intense in-table cloths, pieces of canvas, posdriving
in Boston;) over the beau-terest and pride in the Wisconsin ibly more than one layer tnick,
tiful rolling Wisconsin hills and cranberry industry. stretched over a light wooden
frame work. They a iheated by
through little city-towns apparent-Mr. Dempze was no exception. fre work. are heated by
ly prosperous and progressive. It was here we saw the first of the e laces o r
od soe
Wisconsin Rapids, besides being Wisconsin grass clippers, long bars T e I , m s o
the State's cranberry center has its with handles at each end, carried eda rae re a n pep
They harvest various crops in Wis
pulp mills, manufacturing paper. by two men the clipper with sev-Ty hres various cros in is
Mr. Vernon Goldsworth, manager eral electrically-revolving knives cin bee an ri e g
of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales
Company was a busy man, routing
out his shipments, but he took us
on a flying trip to many of the
bogs which lie around the Rapids.
Flying is said advisedly, because
Mr. Goldsworth drives his Ply-
which rapidly mow down the "hay"
in the marshes. Mr. Dempze yearly
ciipps his grass and believes that
the Gaynor marsh is gradually be-e
ing cleared of this grass. Cleaner
bogs will be seen in the future, un-
doubtedly.
to n r aa n t
ter to hunt and trap.
Some of the growers house their
workers during the harvesting sear
b s. son in what are really barracks.
DT'here was one suKch at theh Whittle-
a opatsey Marsh, now operated by Mrs.
C. . Jaspron, daughter of the
mouth along shale bog roads at It was shipping time, with the late S. N. Whittlesey, Wood
seldom less than 75 miles an hour. opening price to be announced the County's pioneer cranberry grower.
And bog roads seem much alike the following day. Mr. Goldsworthy Here there was a huge modern
country over. was busy inspecting the berries be-tile warehouse and near it the
The first glimpse of a Wisconsin ing rushed through the mills. The quarters of the workers. You enter
cranbery marsh is apt to be a bit "mills" were separators made in through the kitchen escorted by
disappointing to an Easterner, ac-Massachusetts. TheWisconsin Sales Mr. and Mrs. Jasperson, and here
customed to some of the beautiful, company this year purchased 20 in the cook is busily preparing a meal.
practically weedless bogs of for a single lot for some of its mem-There is a room, with a glowing
instance, Carver, Mass. The bers. Twenty more are to be bought stove where the men can play cards
marshes-in Wisconsin they are in the East and shipped to Wiscon-or read or lounge about and be-
never called bogs, but marshes, are sin next year. yond is the bunk room, double
grassy. The sales company is extremely berths where the men sleep.
Gaynor Marsh, with 97 acres un-active in Wisconsin where it These pickers are paid a limited
der cultivation and a total acre-handles about 90 percent of the wage and fed and housed as a
age of 2,040 in the neighboring crop. Mr. Goldsworthy buys all group during the busy fall season.
town of Cranmoor, last year pro-sorts of supplies for his members Everywhere the growers were
ducing 6,062 barrels, was first vis-in large quantity and they get busy and extremely pleased with
ited. Charles Dempze, manager was them at cost. "Vernon" visits and their prospects. Miss Clare Smith,
found in his work clothes, as was assists all growers in the state, secretary of the Wisconsin Grow-
practically every Wisconsin grow-whether sales company members ers' association, attired in rough
er. He was near his modernly-or not. clothing was at the head of her
equipped warehouse which com-The growers were very pleased own screen.
pared more than favorably with all with these new mills and every-Everywhere was an extreme in-
but the larger screenhouses of the where they were exhibited with terest expressed in the cranberry
East. Incidentally there is a total pride. Groups of screeners were (Continued on page 8)
Four
birds nest outside barns instead of
THE CRANBERRY GROWER S inside like thepreceding species.
~INKB11TERCT IN 1 D I D m) C
INTERESTS IN
L L BIRDS
By JOHN B. MAY
A long, narrow strip of board
nailed about a foot below the junction
of the side wall and roof will
|ligive the needed support for their
interesting retort-shaped nests of
mud, which will not stick to a
smooth painted surface.
(Continued from Last Month)
Tree Swallow. This bird will
use almost anything which a Blue-
bird might use, but may use a box
slightly smaller than the meas-
urements given for the Bluebird.
Boxes may be placed on poles
anywhere in a bog or about a
reservoir. Long axis vertical or
horizontal.
horizontal.,
Crested Flycatcher. Requires a
slightly larger box. Interior di-
mensions about 6 by 6 by 8 to 10
inches. Entrance hole 2 to 21/2
inches in diameter. Long axis hori-
zontal. Prefers partial shade.
Purple Martin. Our only native
bird which will use a many-com-
partment house without driving
neighbors away. The separate
nesting compartments should be
about 6 by 6 inches square and 7
inches high, with an entrance of
about 21/2 inches diameter. The
style may vary with the ingenuity
of the maker, but a suitable house
may be made from a strong barrel,
divided into rooms by partitions,
and set on a pole 10 to 20 feet high.
The entrance holes should always
be well above the floor of the nest
compartment.
Starling. This introduced spe-
cies has become very abundant and
is considered a nuisance for many
reasons, chief being its fondness
for cereals and small fruits, and its
propensity to fight with our native
birds like Bluebirds, which might
covet the same nesting place. How-
ever, it must be admitted that
about cranberry bogs the latter is
the only complaint which can be
made, for the Starling is not
known to eat cranberries, and it
destroys a tremendous quantity of
injurious insects. It can be kept
out of houses built for Bluebirds
and Tree Swallows if the entrance
hole is less than 1% inches in dia-
meter, but may occupy any house
made for a Crested Flycatcher or
Purple Martin.
Wood Duck. This beautiful lit-
te duck is a destroyer of mosqupainted urface
toes and other aquatic insects and
should be encouraged wherever bog
reservoirs furnish suitable sur-
roundings. Nest boxes are some-
times constructed by cutting a hole
in the side of a nail keg and fas-
tening the keg to a tree in woods
near the water or in a dead tree
standing in the pond. The inside
measurements of a box should be
about 10 by 10 by 18 to 24 inches,
and the entrance should be about
4 inches wide by 5 or 6 inches
high.
Some birds which do not nest in
holes may be attracted by other
simple devices.
Robin. This bird uses mud in
nest construction and so appre-
ciates shelter from rains. Robins
often build on projections under the
eaves of a house or shed, or under
a bridge or overhanging bank.
Shallow open wooden boxes about
6 by 6 inches square may be fas-
tened under some protection like
eaves, or an open nesting place
can be made of two pieces of
boards about 6 or 7 inches square,
one forming a floor and the other
a roof, separated by four corner
posts about 7 inches long. Unless
the roof slants, however, the Rob-
ins may try to build on top of the
box instead of inside it.
Bank Swallow or Sand Martin.
These little birds, which dig burrows
in the vertical face of sand
banks, are very useful as destroyers
of mosquitoes and all small fly
ig insects such as the adult forms
f mny cranberry pests. If a
i f
sand for the bogs is obtained, they
should be encouraged whenever
possible, and their nests unmolested.
Song Sparrows, Thrashers, Towhees,
etc. Many birds will nest
about the bogs and help in the fight
n insect pests, if suitable nesting
sites may be found. If occasionally
a small clump of bushes is left
in the ofump is lef
cl bushes
aout th irds i rea t
os
about bogs, the birds will repay the
a Ee rds narly
clse as seed-eaters usually feed
r nestlings lmost entirely upon
e oo_
Comets Return to Sun
Most comets return to mne sun
after a period of years. Biela's
comet on its return In 1846 split
intovisit twocameparts and twdins its
backras on nextetwo
vst came back a in -wo
the same orbit f ormerlyoccupied
by one and on the same time
schedule. There are several records
of such multiple comets. The
converse of this phenomenon is
hoebe. Mostoi the remarksmorecommon. They break
regarding the Robin apply to this
bird, but the Phoebe is slightly
smaller. It seldom builds far from
water.
Barn Swallow. Boxes similar to
those used for the Phoebe and Rob-
in may be placed inside barns or
other sheds, or a short cleat can be
nailed to a rafter or a lath nailed
across two rafters with its end
projecting, or sufficient foundation
for the mud structure may be sup-
plied by two nails driven partly
into a beam or rafter. There sh
be a permanent opening into every
barn so that swallows can enter
freelyACUSHNET
Cliff or Eave Swallow. These
up. What causes this is unknown.
Disintegration probably is caused
by the same forces that cause them
to split.
Metals from Soot.
A mining company in Japan wiM
refine 1,300 tons of soot from the
chimneys of its refineries and expects
to recover nearly $17,000
worth of silver gold and copper.
R HUT
R HU
Hould Down
ise--Knocked
25 Lots 71/2c each
F. 0. B. New Bedford
SA MILLS
NEW BEDFORD, MASS.
Five
Model Village for Bog Workers
Being
Ellis D. Atwood is Providing New
Attractive Homes for Steady
Employees, Rent Free, Tax
Free, Lights and Wide Streets,
-Dozen Already Constructed
A model village for cranberry
bog workers is a project now well
underway by Ellis D.D. AtwoodAtwood ofof
Ellis
South Carver, Massachusetts. HeLe
the 45 or 50 who are given year-
around work by Mr. Atwood will
eventualy dwell in small modern
homes all in a little community,
entiresal rnta free le communityentirely rentfrehis
It is a plan which apparently
would interest President Roose-
velt or Secretary Tugwell a rais-
cing of ving oft a
kers standards
class of workers who only too often
live in unsanitarydepressing
and
hovels. Mr. Atwood evidently be-
lieves, without talking too much
about it, that he is doing his bt to
elevate and make life in a strugg-
ingmuchworldmore satisfactory
for a small group of humanity
which labors for him throughout
the year.
It is reminiscent of a Southern
Plantation with the owner taking
an interest in his workers, but of
course without the ugly features
of the old slavery days.
But a word first about Mr. At-
wood himself. He has been en-
gaged in raising cranberries all his
life and his father S. Dexter At-
wood before him, until his death 21
years ago. Mr. Atwood is a direc-
tor of the Cape Cod Cranberry
Growers' Association and of the
New England Cranberry Sales
Company. He is one of te men
who sets your opening price and
is of course one of the outstanding
cranberry men of Massachusetts
and the industry as a whole.
He
bog,
about
There
S'x
owns about 192 acres of
and averages a harvest of
10,000 barrels each fall.
are 1800 acres of land in
Built by Massachusetts Grower
his entire holding, all practically
in a single piece, right in the
heart of the Massachusets cran-
berry growing region. There are
conservatively 300 more acres of
undeveloped bog land included. IIe
has now 48 sections of bog, with
a reservoir of 400 acres or more,
which on frost night can flood the
enitire bog acreage in abouit a
couple of hours.
He maintains 15 miles of roads,
a little of it hard-surfaced, about
six miles of dikes, a hundred or so
flumes and bridges, about 35 miles
of ditches. He has about a mile of
bog railroad and thre locomotives.
He has two power shovels. With
his property all in one district and
bogs not scattered in several
towns and even counties, as is un-
fortunately the case wit hmany of
the larger Massachusetts bog men,
he finds it greatly aids efficiency.
And he certainly does seem to
elieve in efficiency. All of his
bogs have been surveyed and blue-
printed, surveyed by Mr. Atwood,
himself. He has a huge Fairchilds
aerial photograph taken from a
two-mile elevation of his property
and surrounding territory. He has
loose leaf books with the blueprints
of each piece of bog where careful
records may be kept of production,
experiments and bog work.
To get back to the model village,
however. As we said before he em-
ploys about 50 workers practically
every day in the year. Many of
these have lived in little old
"shacks" located about his prop-
erty. A couple of years or so ago
he conceived the idea of gradually
placing them in new model homes
in a well-planned development,
The contrast between the two
types of buildings is very evident
in the photographs on page?
At present about a dozen little
cottages have been constructed
along "Eda" boulevard (the name
is from his initials.) This is a wide
two lane highway with grass and
catalpa trees down the center. The
houses set about 40 feet back from
the road. Every one is a little bit
different from each other. They
cost about $600 or $700 for two
room houses for the single men, to
more than $1,000 for the four
room houses with bath. Each has
electric lights and some have their
own electric pumps for water.
Eda avenue has street lights
maintained by Mr. Atwood. The
cottages sit among pine trees and
it is planned to have the surroundings
landscaped.
Cape Verdeans, which form such
a large part of the Cape Cod bog
laborers are housed on one side of
the street. The other side is for
those of the white race. Finnish
workers and a few Yankees.
For these cottages Mr. Atwood
makes no charge at all for rent. At
least his workers will always have
roofs over their heads. The cot
tages are attractively designed.
There is a Cape Cod type house,
nearby one of English design.
There are about a dozen already
in use. Several more will probably
be built this year. They will be added
to each year when Mr. Atwood
gets a good crop until eventually
all his steady workers will have
their rent free homes in this model
community. A Cape Verdean at
present maintains a little Store
near the head of the street. A
corner lot has been reserved for a
new store a little later.
Directly at the head of the
head of the street, is a rather odd
tower building. It was built for a
tower look out. It is at present
used as the office of the superintendent,
who incidentally lives in a
very pleasant big house on a hill,
a house that any middle class man
would be pleased to own.
And yet that Mr. Atwood is not
dictatorial is shown by an incident
the day the writer visited the
property. He said he planned to
use the lower part of this tower as
a library for his village. He mentioned
the fact to his foreman,
Manuel Mello, a young man who
maintains great interest in the
men.
(Continued on page 9)
0> ~ ISSUE OF DECEMBER, 1936 mo
Vol. 1
WHAT ABOUT NEXT YEAR?
U. S. crop statisticians have finally set
the 1936 crop for the country at just a
trifle under that of last year, 515,000
barrels. That means two excessively lean
crops in succession and in fact 1934 was
even less. The bogs should therefore have
had a good long "rest" from heavy or even
normal bearing. Next year's harvest is of
course months and months away, but what
might be a long range forecast? Indications
would seem to point to a considerably
larger quantity of cranberries in 1937-
that is barring unforseen mishaps. The
Massachusetts crop, which has been very
light, should trend upward; a great deal
more insect control is being practiced;
false blossom disease has been extensively
fought in New Jersey; the Wisconsin bogs
have recovered from the severe winter
kill of several years ago and the growers
there are progressive, using modern growing
methods and putting in quite a little
new bog; the West Coast bogs are increas-
ing and seem to be in the habit of having
excellent yields.
CRANBERRIES in its first issue last
spring forecast a small crop this year.
Now just for the fun of the thing it is
taking a shot in the dark and "guessing"
that next year will see a greatly increased
yield for the country as a whole.
Bog workers everywhere would seem
to owe Ellis D. Atwood of South Carver,
Massachusetts, a debt of gratitude. His
"Model Village" project as described in
this issue points the way for betterment
of the workers' living conditions. While
it may be criticised as paternalist in idea
it fits right in with the present trend of big
employers being conscious of their respon-
sibility to those who depend upon them
for a livelihood.
No. 8 NBERRy
PUBLISHED MONTHLY
PUBLISHED MONTHLY
at the
WAREHAM COURIER OFFICE,
WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, U. S. A.
CLARENCE J. HALL
LEMUEL C. HALL
Associate Editor
Subscription $2.00.'per year
Advertising rates upon application
CORRESPONDENTSADVISORS
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
New Jersey
CHARLES S. BECKWITH
State Cranberry Specialist
Pemberton, N. J.
Wisconsin
VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington-Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Pullman, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oreon
Massachusetts
D
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New York City Representative
KENT LIGHTY
280 Madison Ave. Tel. Lexington 2-3595
Seven
Wheelbarrows -Sand Screens -Bog Tools
For Economical Ice Sanding
Sand Spreaders
Spreaders for All Sizes of Steel Dump Bodies
Hand and Hydraulic Hoist
Steel Dump Bodies
For 2 Ton and 1 Ton Trucks
RepresentativeWorthington Bog umps 3ft. to 30 ft.
Hayden CranberrySeparatorMfg. Co.
367 Main St. Wareham, Mass.
IMPRESSIONS OF WISKCONSIN
(Continued from page 4)
bogrs of the East. Ever whee
growers wanted to learn of what
was new, of new and improved
equipment. And at the possibility
of not appearing modest, we must
say all expressed great interest in
your new cranberry magazine. "It's
a great little magazine. We find at
least one article in each number.
that is worth the cost alone. Give
us more articles by some of your
experts in the East, especially Dr.
Franklin. We would like to learn
about his experiments. (Dr. Frank-
lin take note, please.)
Whizzing along again past the
acres of bogs, along dirt roads
through tamarack swamps. Wis-
consin has almost unlimited areas
which can be put into productive
marsh at less cost than in the
East. "Brown Bush" country is
considered the best there as in
Massachusetts.
Eight
^A youthful-appearing
talk with
Bernard Brazeau at the Central
Cranbery Co., who was one of the
few growers wearing "dressed up"
clothes and not at work himself.
But then he raised Wisconsin's
largest crop of 5,000 barrels this
year and so may be pardoned for
taking an afternoon off. He was
one of the two Wisconsin growers
who purchased airplanes for dust-
ing this year. Wisconsin growers
will even buy flying machines if
they believe they will improve their
properties.
And so it went. But it is dusk,
the marshes are but dark, blurred
areas under a sunset sky which
glowed with a brilliant cold light.
A beautiful broad sky with its
great Western star twinkling over
the Wisconsin flats.
One more stop was necessary,
Mr. Goldsworthy insisted. That was
a visit to the new pumping plant
on the Wisconsin river where a
group of growers have formed a
water corporation, putting in a
total of $50,000 to insure adequate
water supplies for the section
Telephone 497-W
around Cranmoor at all times. We
have forgotten just what the capacity
of this huge pump is but the
water is carried through a long
main ditch to the bog country
where individual ditches carry it to
the bogs. Wisconsin has real frosts
--at the moment it was 20 above
and to go to 10 before morning,
and said to be an unusually warm
fall at that.
The growers there are not afraid
to use water and this new water
project has already proved its
merit, and that the pooling together
of these growers to provide
water for their section was well
worth while.
And that is the impression the
writer carried away from Wisconson,
an impression of friendly cooperation;
a great progressiveness,
extreme faith in Wisconsin as a
coming cranberry state. The remark
that Wisconsin will be raising
100,000 barrels before long
does not seem to be mere idle
talk. The Wisconsin growers are
not discouraged about cranberry
growing in Wisconsin.
Model Village
(Continued from Page 3)
Mr. Mello said he, however, had
planned to open this tower this
winter as a sort of club room for
the men.
"I think that is a fine idea" Mr.
Atwood said. "That's better than
the library." So the tower house
will be a club this year.
Incidentally he already has a li-
Incidntalyalady has a
brary with many magazines lying
on a long table. This is in his ma-
chine shop, where there is a stove
and the men may gather at night.
A night watchman is maintained
all the time, who makes his rounds
the makes his rounds
with a time clock system.
Close by is one of the world's
largest screenhouse. it is a two
story building with brick ends. t
is 200 feet long by 58 feet wide,
with a screening room addition
16 x 50. It has a capacity of 8,00)
barrels with a packing capacity of
2,000 quarterbarrels boxes a day.
It is arranged for the utmost effi-
ciency.
Yet, here again Mr. Atwood's
consideration for his workers
comes in. The building is ventilated
with cool air coming in from vents
near the bottom and drawn out
through the top. In the room where
the screeners work, which provides
space for 28, although the
usual crew is 14, the air is warmed
and controlled thermostatically and
again forced out. The walls are
painted a bright white, there is no
straining of eyes, as there are
plenty of electric lights, and believe
it or not there is a radio so
that the women may have entertainment
while they sort the ber-
ies. There is no freezing of hands
and feet in this screening room.
Mr. Atwood buys shooks and
makes his own boxes. This provides
winter work, or work for rainy
or work fore tr i
days. As mentioned before there is
a machine shop, with a full-time
machinist, a stock yard, and he has
four of about two dozen power
picking machines owned in Massa
chusetts.
All in all Mr. Atwood believes in
being as good as possible to all
his employes. Some have been in
his employ for mre than 30 years.
Most all for a number of years.
That they appreciate his considera-
tion is well demonstrated by the
fact that two years ago when the
famous "Cape Cod Cranberry
Strike" was in progres and work-
ers were stoned, trucks tipped over,
men beaten and bog owners and
foremen went about armed with
revolvers and guns there was no
trouble of any kind on the Atwood
bogs. He finds they keep their
houses neat and clean.
Th bogs on the aof
properthistory
well maintained, and at one spot
there is a lilly pond, which was
planned by Mr. Mello. About this
flowers grow and there is a rustic
bridge Many of the general public
visit this spot.
And still furtherinscribed
Awho still further revealing of
Mr. Atwood's character is the fact
that he has never posed the "No
Trespassing" signs which are
maintaed on most bogs in Mas-
achusetts. The general public is
sachusetts. The general public is
free to visit his property and to
fish in his many streams and
brooks. At intervals there are bar-
rels placed for rubbish, and on
pleasant Sundays there will bea
dozen or more automobiles, with
parties engaged in fishing or pic-
nicing. nd still he nds there is
none or little abuse of this generosity.
The whole idea of Mr. Atwood's
intention is a revelation of how
generosity and fairness on the
part of a big cranberry owner pays
not only dividends in human content,
but seemingly also in financial
terms.
History of Yarmouth
Yarmouth, soutwest
gateway to Nova Scotia, is
wound up in the history of the sea
and it goes back far beyond the
days when white men began set
tling in the new world in the Six
teenth century, for at Yarmouth is
a Runic stone which scholars say
in 1001 by Lief Erik-
n The inscription on this stone
is interpreted as reading "Lief to
Eris Raises" (this monument),
Lief Erikson, having dedicated it to
his father Erik the Red, ruler of
Greenland.
We Have Lisiazgs of
Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small
FOR SALE
Ge. A Cole Agency
WILDA HANEY
Decas Block
Wareham, Massachusetts
National Ba k of Wareha
WAREHAM, MASS.
Established as a State Bank 1833
Entered National system 1865
Small loans are made to parties who are of
legal age having a good reputation and steady
income. The amount of the loan is based upon
ability to meet the obligation and loans may be
repaid in convenient weekly or monthly payments
consistent with income received.
lDEPARTM ENTS
Commercial Trust Savings Safe Deposit
l
Nine
The following is one of a series
of excerps from a bulletin "The
Cultivation of the Highbush Blue-
berry" by Stanley Johnson, po-
mologist at the Agricultural Ex-
periment station at the Michigan
State college at South Haven,
Michigan.
Mr. Johnson writes that at pres-
ent there are about 75 acres of
cultivated blueberries in that state,
ranging in age from one to eight
raging fvgrom to
in ag one
years. There is considerable inter-
est in Southern Michigan in grow-
ing this berry at present, and blue-
berry culture is one of the main
projects at the station at this time.
A number of experiments relative
to cultural operations are being
cadd otr r e e
carried out and rather extensive
br gwk is u y, wh
the year after planting, all plants
received equal amounts of complete
fertilizer. The differences in growth
in the different boxes were ap-
parent at the end of the first year
and became increasingly obvious
until the end of the experiment aft
ter four seasons.
The plans growing where the
water table was maintained at six
inches made a comparatively small
growth, te foliage being sparse,
abnormally colored, and dropping
prematurely. Where the water
table was maintained-at 30 inches,
the plants made a small growth, al-
though the foliage was almost nor-
mal in appearance. Their produc-
tion, however, was the lowest of
any. The plants growing where the
water table was maintained at 22
precipitation, except April, and this
month was only 0.14 inches above
normal. In the spring of 1931, it
was observed that many blueberry
bushes on the higher locations
scattered about the plantation were
not blossoming, while bushes located
on the lower levels where
more moisture was available were
blossoming normally.
By means of gas pipe wells,
water table readings werein the blue-
taken in
1933 at two locations
1933 at two locations in the blue
berry plantation from April until
the end of the fruiting season in
August. The water table at station
A was typical of the larger part of
the plantation, while station B was
located on a knll in which the
water table was considerably lower
than at station A. Yield records
i
were obtainedtotalfor the plant located
closest to each station. These
plants were of the Rubel variety
and in their seventh growing sea
son. The plant at station A, produced
7.5 quarts of fruit, while
that at station B, produced 1.1
quarts. It is true that the soil at
station A was somewhat more fertile
than at station B, although
both had received like amounts of
commercial fertilizer. However,
much of the difference in growth
and yield must be attributed to the
difference in moisture supply.
Instances of blueberry plants
dying from a deficiency of moisture
have been observed. The unthrifty
plants were set on a knoll a few
inches higher than the remainder
of the field. The plants were set
in the spring of 1930, and each
year following a few of them died.
In 1933, during a severe drought
in August, several plants on the
knoll dried up completely, while
those on the lower land a few feet
away were making normal growth.
about crossd s .
10,000 s
;about 10,000 crossbred seedlings ill
(Continued from last month)
The amount of moisture in the
soil is another important factor in
the growth and production of the
highbush blueberry. In order to de-
termine the importance of the
height of the water table in the
soil, four large galvanized iron
pans, 12 feet long, four feet wide,
and six inches deep, were made..
These were placed at different
levels in the soil, one being six
inches from the surface, one 14
inches, one 22 inches, and one 30
inches. Boxes were built of
matched lumber from the pans to
the surface and these boxes were
lined with heavy roofing material.
The boxes and pans were then
filled with a uniform soil mixture
of sand and acid muck. Twelve uni-
form Rubel plants were planted in
each box. The pans were kept filled
with water at all times. Beginning
Ten
breeding work is underway, within hsa prenom
e
inches appeared normal in every
way. n prouc
I gtand
wfiday. In total growth and produc-
tion, however, this plot was not as
good as the 14-inch water table.
This experiment indicates that a
water table at a depth of about 14
inches in the soil is best. Field
tests show that very good results
can be obtained where the water
table is between 14 and 22 inches,
particularly in April, May, and
June.
Fruit bud formation was de-
cidedly influenced by the height of
the water table in this experiment
It is apparent that a deficiency of
moisture retarded fruit bud de-
velopment. Another striking ex-
ample of this condition was ob-
served in the field in 1930, which,
according to the official weather
records, was the driest year in
Michigan between 1931 and 1887
when the records were started in
1887. At South Haven, the total
precipitation was 24.75 inches, 9.01
inches below normal. Every month
in the year was below normal in
Blueberry plants are sometimes
killed by excess of water. One
Michigan grower planted a large
number of plants in a pocket or
"kettle-hole" until the crowns of
the plants were completely covered.
It was impossible to drain away the
water until late in June and a large
portion of the plants were killed.
Several growers lost plants in the OF R
spring of 1933, due to heavy rains
following planting. Care should be
used to avoid land that is likely to
be flooded during some growing
seasons. Moderately wet land canL
be planted provided the plants are
placed on mounds or back furrows.
The experiments described and
the examples cited indicate clearly
the important part that moisture
plays in the culture of the high-
bush blueberry. prospective
The C
grower should select his land care-
fully with reference to the conditions
that will influence the available
moisture in the soil. The owner
of a blueberry plantation al-
ready in existence may be able to
improve his production by properly
managing his drainage ditches so
as to increase or reduce the amountY
of water as desired.
Rain spots can be removed from
suede shoes by rubbing with fine
emery board.
Wri tng 1known
In AV rilltlg
VS TH 'NTY
VA
i
MASSACHUSETTS
A
I HAVE
By NEIL
(Editor's Note). Neil E. Stevens, who
is at present a professor in the University
of Illinois was through his work in
the cranberry industry extremely well
to many cranberry growers. His
chief work lay inplant disease research.
K
KNOWN
E. STEVENS
Allie Hathaway is a philosopher
in overalls. In the early days of the
World War when the currency was
n infla a a wr
ing inate an wages ere
mounting, Hathaway, who is one of
finest mechanics in East Ware
ham, Mass., and as far as I know
never out of a job, took the stand
which I suspect was justified by the
facts, that the payment of high
wages was unnecessary and artificial.
He insisted that if peoplewould simply refuse to pay or to
accept high wages, we would go
ahead on the old basis without being
disturbed. Unlike most of us
he lived up to his convictions and
during the period of the war, while
inexperienced and relatively unskilled
men all around him were
getting from three to six times as
much as he was, he continued to
work at prewar wages. This, no
doubt, sounds silly to some, yet, I
have no doubt that the martyrs of
all ages are looked upon as silly
by many of their contemporaries.
Eleven
AI n YHis own introduction to this series of
rather personal little articles follows.
It was begun several years ago.
rp ~ ~ITo wshgnsvrlyasaothe
-~~To ^ALLIE HATHAWAY
ADVERTISEtRIS
Please
Mention
I have more than once heard
Allie Hathaway remark that he
would rather be in one of Joe Lin-
coln's books than anything he
could think of, and I believe that
if Joseph Lincoln knew Mr. Hatha-
way he would certainly be there,
for his personality well deserves a
lCr'berrics'' place with Keziah Coffin, The De-
Cranberries "
Extensive Experience in
Extesive Expe e i
AtELECTRICAL WORK
ad
At Scree nsSatsfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
..... m__.....
pot Master, the Post Master, Mr.
Pratt, Dr. Nye, and Galusha the
Magnificent.
I well remember one of the first
remarks he ever made to me,
which was shortly after I was mar-
ried He said, "Now remember,
Stevens, husbands don't amount to
much, I have been married twice
and I ought to know."
'I'. C I I^ . -^ment in size of berry as determined
h
Cranberry Crop by the cup count. (Average of ten
Fertilizing Ferhtthe zng
cups.) The average for the nitro-
By F. L. MUSBACH
In the 46th Annual Report of the Table No. 2.-Yields per acre on deep
peat in Price County with 600 pounds
Wisconsin Cranberry Growers As-fertilizer per acre applied June, 1934.
sociation the writer reported re
sut otaine e o r-Treatment
with te
sults obtained with the use of fer-Barrels per acre
tilizers on peat bogs in Wisconsin. Cup count
Twoof theplots located in h1935 1936 Av. 1935 1936
Two of the plots located in the
Central part of the state shoed no
Central part
of the state showed no
consistent increases which might
be ascribedto various fertilizer
be ascribed to various fertilizer
combinations. On another plot in
the northern district (Washburn
County) fairly consistent response
was obtained from fertilizer use,
particularly with mixtures contain-
wvith
ing nitrogen and soluble phosphate.
In 1934 another series of plots
were laid out on the Cranberry
Lake Development Company bog in
Price County representing the
northern district of the state.
Sarles Jumbos were planted on
deep peat (7' or more) in 1914.
The vine growth was fairly uni-
form, and an effort was made to
secure heavier stands of vines. This
peat is well decomposed, and rep-
resents bog that has produced con-
siderable tree gowth, chiefly Coni-
fers. The soil has a Ph of 5.2 to 5.3.
Available plant food, phosphorus
and potas, is considered low, aver-
aging 10 to 25 pounds of phos-
phorus per acre, and 100 to · 140
pounds of potash.
Various rates and fertilizer
combinations were applied uni-
formly at the rate of 600 pounds
per acre on June 14, 1934 after the
last reflow. No harvests were taken
in 1934. In 1935 and 1936 the plots
were harvested separately by the
usual method of raking under
water. In the following table is in-
dicated the treatment and yield for
1935 and 1936.
Nitrogen was derived from 16%
nitrate of soda in all cases except
the 8-16-8 an dthe 12-16-8 where
/2 was derived from milorganite,
and 1/2 from nitrate of soda, phos.-
phoric acid from 20% super, and
potash from muriate of potash.
1935 results-The plots receiving
nitrogen only (average of 4%, 8%,
and 12% N) yielded 115.6 barrels
per acre, or 20 barrels above the
average of the six blanks. The
12-0-0 (Equivalent to 450 pounds of
Twelve
4-0-0 ...... 114.6 31.6 73.1 67.5 11
8-0-0 ...... 97.9 22.9 60.4 66.5 114
12-0-0 .... 134.5 33.1 83.8 68.1 126
Average .. 115.6 29.2 72.4 67.4 117
4-16-0 .... 104.0 24.6 64.3 69.8 116
8-16.0 .... 106.8 23.1 64.9 61.8 119
12-16-0 .. 131.7 26.4 79.0 63.6 129
Average .. 114.2 24.7 69.4 65.1 121
4-16-8 .... 109.0 30.1 69.5 65.0 115
8-16-8 .... 113.5 31.1 72.3 65.8 112
12-16-8 .. 129.5 29.9 79.7 59.5 111
Average .. 117.3 30.4 73.8 63.4 112
Blanks
Average 6.. 95.2 25.5 60.3 74.5 123
16% nitrate of soda) gave the
highest yield. The 8-0-0 plot is an
exception to the general trend of
increased yields following in-
creasednitrogen application. The
nitrogen-phosphate plots, on the
average, gave a little lower yield
than the nitrogen only. The high
yield in this series again comes
with the 12% nitrogen treatment.
Phosphate, at least for the present
has not been effective in increasing
yields used in combination with
nitrogen at the various levels em-
ployed.
The addition of potassium in the
N-P-K series gave an average of
117.3 barrels, and represents a
slight increase over the N-P or the
N. only plot. Again the trend is
marked showing the benefits from
increasing amounts of N. The data
are quite consistent with reference
to the benefits obtained from using
nitrogen in increasing amounts.
This is true whether phosphate, or
phosphate and potash are included
nitrate of sodaorganicinllcaseseceptcatedinorganicP.
an
in the mixture. As already indi-
cated organic and inorganic
sources of nitrogen were used in
the 8-16-8 and the 12-16-8 mix-
gen only series is 67.4; the N-P
series, 65.1; and the N-P-K, 63.4.
1936 Results-The crop from the
various plots was again harvested
the average the yield is about 1'
of the 1935 crop. During the early
growing season the condition of the
vines and degree of budding indi
cated a normal crop. During the
blossoming period, however, ex-
tree teperature conditions at
te critical period caused heavy loss
in fruit set. The average tempera
ture for July at Prentice, twelve
miles distant was 6.8 degrees
above normal. For five days unusually
high readings, 101-107
degrees were reorded and for
nearly one half of the month maxi-
readings ranged from 92 to
107 degrees. The high temperatures
together with deficient rainfall
(.42) resulted in not only a poor
yield but also inferior quality.
The plots receiving nitrogen only
averaged29.2 barrels; the N-P
plots, 24.7 barrels; the N-P-K
plots, 30.4 barrels, and the Blanks,
25.5 barrels. The yields show little,
if any, relation to fertilizer treatments
irrespective of the composition
of the mixtures used.
The size of berry, as show by the
cup count, likewise indicates the
deteriorating effects of the unseasonable
summer temperatures.
This is especially marked when the
size of the 1936 berry is compared
with that of 1935.
(Continued next month)
W-FF
W
Pneumatic tire wheels fit any wheel
barrow. Ideal for cranberry bogs.
Write for folder and prices.
ROBERT W. CLARK
0. Box 53
South Weymouth Massachusetts
Eldredge Sos, I
tures, and as will be pointed outrege S , .
later there appears to be an ad-Eldredge Apartments
vantage in having a part of the Corner Main and Sawyer Streets
nitrogen from sources less quickly WAREHAM, MASS.
available. For this reason compari-Specialists in insurance on Cranbersons
with the N-P-K series are not ries, bog buildings, and equipment.
strictly comparable. 30 years in the insurance
The effect of the various treat-business in Wareham
ments shows a marked improve-_ _ _ _ _
WISCONSIN
CRANBERRY SALES
COMPANY
Wholesale and carload buyers for boxes, creosoted
lumber, cement, hardware, thermometers, cranberry
mills, fertilizer, lime, iron sulphate, insecticides, roofing,
belting, electrical equipment, tractors, sprayers,
paint, rake teeth, weed killers, doors, windows and
similar items.
f03 .0O< >O< O-<' 0<'.0<'"'0==O -- |
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