Cranberries - The National Cranberry Magazine, 1940-07

              REPRESENTING A$5,0000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY


"~"AtBE CRANBERRY MAGA

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In Answering Advertisements 

Please Mention 

"CRANBERRIES"


SEPARATORS


WILL BE NEEDED BEFORE LONG 

WE HAVE THEM --ORDER NOW 

Manufacturers of Cranberry Equipment 

Since 1895 

Separators -Dusters -Conveyors -Belt Screens Blowers 
-Elevators -Box Shakers -Box Presses -Gas 
Locomotives -Wheel Barrows-Vine Pruners -Vine 
Rakes with metal teeth -Pumps -Sand Screens -Turf 
Haulers -Turf Axes. 

We Supply 

Motors -Gas Engines -Sprayers -Belting Pulleys Shafting 
-Axes -Picks -Grub Hoes -Mattocks Shovels, 
etc. 

South

H. R.BAILEY CO. arver 
ESTABLISHED 1895 Tel. Carver 28-2 


After the Fourth of July...


The summer quickly passes and soon another Cranberry crop 
is ready to harvest. Everyone interested in the crop's progress toward 
picking time is keenly watching conditions of the setting, growing 
and maturing Cranberries. 

MINOT FOOD PACKERS, INC., is an integral part of the great 
Cranberry industry. We, being Canners of Cranberries, realize that 
we have certain obligations in our relations with Cranberry Growers 
that must be complied with if we would be successful. Has MINOT 
made good in its financial promises to growers? Read this as an 
example .. 

The year of the "largest-ever" crop-1937-we paid 
growers during that packing season $7.50 per barrel for 
Cranberries (without the barrel). 

Then, when every indication pointed to an unsold 
surplus from that great 1937 crop, we advised all those 
growers who supplied us that we would take every barrel 
of their surplus at $7.00 per barrel and make full payment 
therefor not later than March 31, 1938. The final payment 
was actually made to these growers on March 9, 1938, at 

$7.00 per barrel. 

We have always assured the growers that we are ever ready 
to work with them, shoulder to shoulder, to fulfill our agreements. 

Yes, Minot does business in the "American Way"-live and let live 

MINOT FOOD PACKERS, INC. 

HAMMONTON, NEW JERSEY 

"My! Daddy, that MIN-OT 
kwamberry thauth ith good . " 


BEST FOR THE PURPOSE
CRANBERRY BOXES | 


MADE FROM NATIVE WHITE PINE 
Grown and Manufactured Here 

F. H. COLE
Established 1707
MANUFACTURER OF8 


WOODEN BOXES AND SHOOKS 

NORTH CARVER, MASS. 

~r-LBG r ralk

1

FLOODINU and 

Tel. 46-5 

Inir~r 1^ A EiQn\ I 
I~sL X s'ArI|K fwe~an

P~kI

IRRIGATIBN 

By Charles S. Beckwith, Cranberry Specialist 

New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Research Laboratory 

ly 

Page 

99 Farm Problems. 

AEROIL, 563 Park

West New York, N. J. 

square foot, the length of the uprights 
and the size of crop was recorded. 
The data for the first year 
has not been used in this study as 
it takes more than one year to get 

h e d ngerthe effect

* injury a of frost of the changed water
The' danger of frost injury is 
the most serious one to meet. There 

is no dot tt e

is no doubt that uunprotected early 

drawn bogs will suffer much from 
frost some years. No grower needs

frost some years. No grower needs 
to be rash and take the water off 
so early as to incur great damage 
but neither should he wait until he 
is sure to miss a good crop. The 
early drawn bogs withstand frost 
better than late drawn bogs so it is 
not necessarily twice as dangerous 
to draw April 10 as it is on May 

10. The extremely low temperatures 
soon after the growth has started 
is the great danger in either case. 
At least, bogs that can be pro-
tected should get value from early 
drawing. 
Fortunately, fireworms can be 
controlled by holding the water un-
til May 10 and reflowing when the 
black-head fireworm larva is full 
grown. This cure is so complete 
that it does not need to be repeated 
every year. Fruit worm has been 
serious where bogs are drawn early 
consistently but an occasional May 
10 drawing should hold. this worm 
in check. Blossom worms may be 
more difficult to fight with early 
drawing because they will emerge 
over a longer period. We cannot be 
sure just how the blunt-nosed leaf- 
hopper will react to earlier draw-
ing but we do not expect any ser-
ious difficulty. Holding until May 
10 one year in three should be 

Two 

sufficient to care for insects especially 
if some spraying or dust-

ing is available in times of need. 
There is no certainty that early

ere i no c n a 

drawing will produce a large crop

the first year it is used but there is 
a good chance for this to happen. 
Whether it does or not, the early 
drawn bog should improve in pro-
duction over a period of years as-
suming that it is treated properly 
for insects, 

Water Table 

Years ago we made a study of 
the optimum height to hold water 
on unsanded cranberries during the 
growing season. The data has been 
presented year by year in annual 
reports but no complete summary 
was made. It might be well to re-
view it. 

A section of bog planted in 
Howes was arranged with ditches 
and stops so that water could be 
held at any desired height down to 
15 inches below the surface. Twen-
ty-five plots were laid out one rod 
square and wells were placed in 
opposite corners. The height of the 
water table was regulated, meas-
ured and recorded twice a week for 
five years. In three plots the water 
was kept between the surface and 
three inches deep. In seven it was 
from three to six inches deep and 
in five each it was 6-9, 9-12 and 12-
15 inches deep. At the end of each 
year, the number of uprights to the 

ld e u e foron o 
otg o

growth conditions. 

We found that simply holding the 
e at s hoin the 
water at a certain height in the 
ditches did not regulate entirely 
the water in the soil. During wet 
weather the water was much higher 
in the soil and during dry weather 
it was much lower. At times it was 
necessary to bring water through 
supplementary ditches to maintain 
the head planned. It was a considerable 
task to keep the head within a 

three inch range. 

The data for four years on a total 
of 25 plots has been averaged 
and summarized for Table 1. 

It will be noted that the annual 
growth of uprights is the greatest 
where the water table is the lowest. 
The number of tips per square foot 
is greatest where the water table 
is from 9 to 11 inches below the 

surface. The yield of berries is 
greatest where the water is held 9 
to 11 inches below the surface. 
This is taken as the optimum water 
table for the soil. 

There is no great difference between 
the crop where the water 
was held 11 inches below the surface 
and where it was held 13 
inches below but the difference is 
consistent throughout the four 
years recorded. This is shown on 
Table 2. 

(Continued on Page 11) 


04\ONPALCRANBERRyGa 

FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C.J. H. 

Mass. Crop T h e Massachu-will be considerable injury to the .... THAT on the known fact 
Probably setts cranberry crop and probably to vines on some that many insects, harmful to 
400,000 Bbls. crop will not per-bogs. The crop on the Pacific Coast agriculture are often destroyed by 

haps exceed 400,-as a whole up to now looks better other insects, insect control work000 
barrels due to the fact that it than last year, but due to drought it ers are carrying on experiments 
has been a cold spring up to the is too early to forecast what the with known enemies of certain 
present, and there has been con-final results will be. Reservoirs are pests and searching for parasitessiderable winter kill.siderablei . getting pretty low and only a good which will effectively attack others 
Cape Cod Cran-At a meeting rain will relieve the situation for . . . THAT goats are not eaters 

berry Growers' of the board of most growers. of tin cans, contrary to popular 
Asso. Meeting directors of Recently a large black bear got jokes, but they are great climbers, 
August 27 the Cape Cod into the cultivated blueberry patch the higher the climbing is the bet-

C ran b e r r y at the State Bog and did consider-ter they like it, and this is said to 
Growers' Association held on July able damage. The berries were ripe be inherent from their rough Euro19 
it was decided to hold the an-only on the early bushes and these pean mountain habitat . . . THAT 
nual meeting on Tuesday, August are located in different places hybrids are becoming more and 

eExperiment Statbon gaue

~~~~~27,at thyro more important in the breeding of

at East Wareham. throughout the blueberry planting. 
At this meeting a conference The bear travelled up and down various kinds of plant life and that 
was held with President Baker of each row as was evident by tracks a hybrid is defined as "the off-

the State College and Dr. Sievers, and when he reached a bush that spring of two parents unlike one 
director of the Agricultural Exper-had ripe berries he sat down on or another in one or more heritable 
iment Station, in regard to adding near the bush and scooped the ber-characteristics 

to the staff at the station at East characteristics 
Wareham and furnishing an assist-Ties into his mouth. He put on a 
ant to Dr. Henry J. Franklin. 'Blitzkreig" on 30 bushes. The THAT win, or even a s 

A frank and open discussion was bushes are badly broken up and breeze takes more heat out of a 
held with the two state officials, there i no need for further picking greenhouse or a hot-house than 
who explained the financial situa-
on those bushes as the berries that 
still air... THAT it is a matter of 

tion which prevented them from in-

ction which preventedadto tex e tis were not ripe were scattered on the fact that produce may go to a tem


curring any addition expenses this i peratureconsiderbly below 32 de-

year. ground. We are hoping that he will perature considerbly below 32 de-
An understanding was arrived at return as we have made definite grees F. without ice formation, 

whereby the matter will be dis-plans to make his next visit ex-providing it is not jarred in any 
cussed at the annual meeting with citing. way and many have watched a pond 
the expectation of arranging for a i when the lances of ice are reaching 
committee to take the matter up The season as a woe is aturace and noticed that 
with the state budget commissioner least ten days earlier than unfrozen spot if stirred with a

last aon e surace ad tied that 

.an

in order in order the acquaint

him with o

to acquaint him with the year so it isquite likely that Early 
. . . THATimperative need of more funds Blacks will be harvested about the twig, freezes instantly 
needed to carry on the work at the water melon growers in the vicinity 
experiment station. ls we in Ags ' Isccotlof Hope, Hemstead County, Arkan-

Other arrangementswere made is well in hand this season and no 
in regard to the annual meeting, fireworm or fruitworm injury has sas are reputed the largwhich 
will include a clambake, been noted on any of the bogs. melon t od e rg

n 
served for those present. est melon grown to date weighed 

195 pounds .. THAT the acreage 

West Coast Notes planted to potatoes in the North


east has declined about one-fifth in 

FACT CROWLEY

by D. J. CROWLEY by D. J. .... recent years, but yields have in


___THAT cultivation of the beach creased and that marketing studies 

The cranberry season here is the plum will be hampered by a great have shown that as family income 

driest experienced so far and unless variety of insects, about as is the has increased the use of potatoes in 

some rains occur during the re-cranberry, as pioneers in this new the family has decreased . . . THAT 

mainder of July and August there potential industry are finding out (Continued on Page 9) 

Three 


Pest Control Bulletin 

CST DUST
SAVES CRANBERRY PROFITS!


POWERFUL LOW 

EFFECT OF DUST Leafhoppers, Fireworm, Gypsy Moth 
ON BEES AND FISH Control at 2 to $4 an Acre Saving 

Mir. C. JA. Doehlert, New Jersey 

Cranb erry Protect your profit with Pyrocide Dust. Tested and approved

and Blueerry Rersearch 
Laboratory, has stated, "So far, by cranberry growers and experiment stations, Pyrocide Dust has 

proved it can accomplish quick and effective control of fireworms,

this station has not observed any 
case of serious destruction of bees 
with pyrethrum. Inquiries made 
of three outside entomologists and 
two leading beekeepers have cor-
roborated this record. If we ever 
have a change to some other poison 

for leafhoppers, the story may be- 
come different." (Proceedings, 
American Cranberry Growers' 
Association, Jan. 27, 1940.) 

leafhoppers and gypsy moth. Leafhoppers 
are the carrying agent for 
the virus disease known as false-

blossom, and entomologists say that 
with leafhoppers gone, falseblos-
som will practically disappear. 

p deDut wasused ef|

How Pyrocide Dust was used ef-

fectively as the specific for destroy-
ing the blunt nosed leafhopper in 
extensive cranberry bogs near Phil-

Kills These Common

es

Canberry Pests 

yrocide Dust has been tested for 

several years under actual commercial 
conditions and has been found 
effective against the following destructive 
cranberry pests: Blunt-

Nosed Leafhopper; Gypsy Moth; 
Spittle Insect; Fireworm. 

ctiis 

Control of gypsy moth, leafhop


second broods), brown and green 

span worms at a saving of from $2 
to $4 an acre over what we have 

pay for clear pyrethrum 

powder."
Insecticide dealers have stocks 
of Pyrocide Dust suitable for controlling 
different types of insects

Co-operat G. L. F. Sol Build


st s hal ess n n 
quiries to:

J. J Beaten Company, Wareham,
J J. Beaton Wareham, 
Mass. 
o-operative Ls F. Soil Build


ig 
tService, 21West St., New

ing Service, 21 West St., Ne 
York City, N. Y.

4. NON-POISONOUS. Pyrocide
Crop-Saver Chemical Co., Inc., 

Ill. 

2608enArthington St., Chicago, 

o ride us
Dust is uniform in killing power. 

4. NON-POISONOUS. Pyrocide 
Dust is harmless to man and 
warm blooded animals. No 
left on fruits

poisonous residue left fruits

residue on 

or vegetables. This is not the 
types of insects

with fluorine and 
derris or cube dusts containing 
rotenone. 

case arsenic,at the lowest 

5. QUICK RESULTS. Effective almost 
immediately upon contact. 
Insects stop feeding and are 
knocked off the plants within 
a few minutes after dusting. 
6. FLEXIBLE. Pyrocide Dust is 
sold in several standard 
strengths to control different 
types of insects at the lowest 
possible cost. 
~AssoiatonJan2 9 0.iextensive cranberry bogs near Phil-

Pyrethrum Safe for Bees 

A careful study is being made

of

made 
by several experiment stations of 

te f effet

insetiie sOn 

onthat dusts containing rotenone 

hae been found to be more toic 
tothe bees which fertilize cra-

activothe will kilfish.e

eprinciples ran-

Mot ianteresting is the situatin 
ichm lea to of

someting a 

which may lead to something of a 
bothers havete fiexpresennd 

lips, Wis., is told by Albert Hedler, 
manager setudy

of the Cranberry Lake 
Development Co. 
many of our beds we had a 

intend to follow up these treat-
ments during the present season," 
Mr. Hedler said. "We are assured 

en tho 

rid of the leafhopper we will get 
rid of the falseblossoms. We will 
continue the use of Pyrocide Dust 

any leafhop-

entomologistsot

berry plants than pyrewithrumtnvarious insects maythe when bewive 

cides made from derris and con 
anming rotenone are highly toxic 

bfis Mitamuntsamounts o

Pyi Mnute of these 
active principles will kill fish. Cran 
berry bogs with ne

dus ted roteno 
ustandfoodand flooded fterardv even

dust after wards, 
many weeks ha

afterwards, ve

objection to th of

damage o

caused great t fish. In 

fish has caused such an odor as to 
raise objections from people living 
reasomnsthe neighborhood.itans isnber and

in the Gameof dead 
fish officials, sportsmen's clubs and 

others have expressed strongest 
objection to the destruction of 
game fish. No similar objection has 
been met in 10 years of dusting

ith ynrthrum iYnsecicides.insecticides,

with pyrethrum 

in Pyrethrum ances 

One experiment station reports 
that the situation with respect to 
fish is serious but does not concern 
them as they are not recommend-
ing use of rotenone insecticides 
since they have been able to obtain 
better control with pyrethrum. 

Pyrocide Dust has been found to 
be less toxic to bees and fish and 
more toxic to cranberry insects 
than rotenone dusts, and for these 
reasons its use is preferred. 

than rotenone dusts,Betterd for these 

pers on the place.st

isecties have 
"I might add that we found very

few traces of other harmful insects 
even though the ime for dusting 
various insects may not be the 

I am sure that in the con-

same. I sure in the con-

same. am 
trol of the leafhopper we have also

destructionsons in cranberry bogs with 

in a large measure controlled these 

A Massachusetts grower reports 

other insects." 
u ta e 


1. ECONOMICAL. Field compari-
sons in cranberry bogs with 
other dust insecticides have 
shown that Pyrocide Dust saves 
up to per acre per applica- 

$4 acre

to 

tion. Growers and Experiment 

everywhere 
porting similar experiences with 
Pyrocide Dust. 

3. UNIFORM.Stations Uniform inarepyre-re-
2. HIGH KILLING POWER. One 
pound of Pyrocide Dust gives 
results equal to one pound of 
pure, high test pyrethrum pow-
der at a fraction of the cost. 
Hitherto troublesome insects 
can now be controlled with 
Pyrocide Dust. 

3. UNIFORM. Uniform in pyre-
thrin content, hence Pyrocide 


bership would mean a curtailing of 

New President of N. E. Cranberry their contribution to the cranberry 

industry.

Sales Company Addresses Meetinginsted of

"Now instead of talking about a 

At the A. D.Makepeace Co. Office 


His address follows: 

"There are four membership or-
ganizations in the cranberry field 
whose main idea is to contribute 
something worthwhile to the cran-
berry industry as a whole. 

"None of these organizations are 
selfish. They could not be if they 

wanted to be. They cannot limit 
their benefits to their members for 
those benefits overflow and all 
growers, whether members or not, 
are the beneficiaries. 

"The oldest organization is the 
Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' 
Association, which has a large 
membership. We know what they 
have accomplished. Because of 
this organization we enjoy the 
services of Dr. Franklin, Joe Kell-
ey, our frost reports, our Experi-

mental Station and many other 
worthwhile contributions. The 
members have received huge bene-
fits but all growers not members 

have received these benefits. 

"The youngest organization is 

the system of Cranberry Clubs. 

They enjoy a good membership. 

Their contribution to the cran-

berry industry is very important. 

Not only do they provide the good 

fellowship so essential to every 

industry,what is more

but still

industry, but what is still more 

important they provide a forum

where all kinds of information

ranberrie,

wheabougr indgc sling

about growing cranberries, selling 

cranberries, and all other phases of 

the cranberry industry can be dis-

cussed. In these clubs you have 

your arguments, discussions and 

your talks. The members and their 

guests get a large amount of in-

formation that is very worthwhile 

to them and to the industry. The 

members profit greatly from these 

clubs, but all cranberry growers 

are benefited. 

"Another organization is Cran-

berry Canners, a cooperative can-
ning organization which has con-

con-

tributed to the cranberry industry 
in the disposal of surplus crops; in 
extending the cranberry season; 

by selling in cans; experimenting 
in by-products; and by advertising.

They have a good membership. 

They certainly did something for 
the cranberry industry in 1937. 
Their members benefited, but so 
did all cranberry growers. 

"The fourth organization is the 
New England Cranberry Sales 
Company. Theyhave a goodmem-
bership. They are the cooperative 

selling organization for fresh fruit. 

They have contributed the pooling 

system, national advertising, order-

ly marketing, an absolute certainty 
of payment. This organization is 
thirty-three years old. There is no 
question about their success. Their 
members have benefited greatly 
from these contributions. But all 
growers have received the resulting 
benefits from their endeavors. 

"Now I have emphasized mem-

bership in these organizations. 

They must have a substantial num-

e of members to carry on their 

activities and continue to con


tribute to the success of the cran-

berry industry as a whole. Their 

success varies with their member-

ship. The greater their member-

ship-the greater their success. 

Company should get below a cer


tain point, national advertising 

would have to be stopped. A small 
membership could not afford to 

advertise for all cranberr grow-

r. 
"The same thing would happen 
with Cranberry Canners. A small 
membership could not control and 
handle a surplus crop for the bene-
fit of all cranberry growers. 

"If the Cape Cod Cranberry 
Growers' Association lost its mem-
bership, we might lose Dr. Frank-

lin and even the Experimental Sta-

tion unless ome other strong 
membership organization came to 
its rescue. 

"It's the same with the Cran-
berry Clubs. A dwindling mem-

smaller membership in all these

smaler membership in al these

organizations and the disastrous 

results, let's think what would 
happen with an increased member 

ship. 

"How much more successfully 
could be carried on all the actiities 
and contributions for the good 
of the industry of these organizations. 
With a 90% membership it 

would mean a cranberry grower's 
paradise. 
"And so it behooveseach and 
every one of us to be a member of 
at least one of these organizations, 

but let's go all the way and be 
members of all four if possible. 
And above all help to get as members 
for them those growers who 
are not members of any organization". 


Cranberry Meeting

At

At AtBog 

About 200 attended a cranberry 

meeting at the Ellis D. Atwood bog 

at South Carver, Mass., July 11. 

Plymouth County 

Agricultural agent, presided.

Agricultural agent, presided. 

Fruit worm eggs were examined 

through microscopes, furnished by 

Dr. Henry J. Franklin, director of 

the Massachusetts Cranberry Ex


periment station, who after show


ing the eggs spoke upon treat


ments to eliminate this pest. 

Other speakers were Mr. At-
wood, the host; Frank Crandon, 
president of the Southeastern 

Cranberry Club, which was recently 
formed, and Harrison F. 
Goddard, president of the Cape Cod 

ranberry Growers Association. 

Cranberry Growers' Assoc 
Following the business meeting 
the guests enjoyed watermelons 

served through the courtesy of 
Mr. Atwood. 

Five 


NOW is the time to consider Fall needs 

Come in and see our 
SEPARATORS and 1 

MUCH IMPROVED 

SCREENHOUSE MACHINERY I 
SCOOPS 
BOG PUMPS a new model-highly efficient 

BOG TOOLS --WHEELBARROWS 

Hayden Cranberry Separator Mfg. Co. 

A IM0oneer Lran 

by ROBERT H. CAHOON 
Editorial Dept., Boston Traveler 

A little used canal, less than a 
quarter of a mile long, started suc-
cessful cranberry culture. 

What may be termed the great-
est undertaking ever known in the 
industry of the great Cape Cod 
cranberry industry was the digging 
of the "canal" from Seymour's 
pond into Hinckley's in Pleasant 
Lake on Cape Cod nearly 90 years 
ago. It was at the very start of the 
new industry, and added much to 
trials and obstacles of a new busi-
ness which had to be overcome by 
the promoters. 

Captain Alvin Cahoon of Har-
wich was one of the best known 
skippers found on the Cape about 
a century ago. No storm was too 
severe, no feat too difficult for him 
to perform. He often started on 
his long trips from North Dennis, 
on the north side of the Cape. Mak-
ing, as he did, frequent trips afoot 

Six 

367 Main Street WAREHAM, MASS. 

PioneerA ranrly• Gro we 

serry Grovwer 

back and forth to his home across 

and marshes h

the wild swamps and marshes, he 
observed cranberry vines growing

,observedcranberry vines growing 
wil. 
Where the sand blew down from 

the hills onto the plants, he noticed 
the vines grew better. This method 
of "re-sanding" the vines, as it is 
called, as Captain Cahoon observed 

it under natural conditions, has 
been practiced ever since. 
The berries grew wild and 

thrived, Captain Cahoon thought, 
so why not set them out, cultivate 
them and make them yield more 
profusely? The captain followed 
out his ideas. Each trip over the 
marshes where the vines grew 
wild, he carried a crocus bag, filled 

it with the tender vines and car-
ried them to his Pleasant Lake 
home, where he set them out. 

Captain Cahoon was a pioneer 
of the Cape Cod cranberry indus-
try. Among the first vines ever 
planted on the Cape were set out 
by him in the spring of 1846. They 

Tel. 497-W 

were planted under water, and oc


cupied a patch about 12 square 
rods. Half an acre was planted the 
following spring, the turf being 
cleared and removed, so that the 
mud beneath would surround the 

ends of the vines, which later were 
to form the roots. 
Nearly an acre of bog was 
pn 18 a t

planted in 1848, and during the 
winters of 48 and '49 nearly four 
acres were cleared up but were 
not set with vines as the water 
was toohigh. In 850 the vines 
were plantedi n tharea,

but did 
not grow well, as there was too 
much water in Seymour's Pond 
along the beach of which the 
swamp was situated. 

Meanwhile some of Captain Cahoon's 
neighbors, one of whom was 
Captain Cyrus Cahoon, had also 
tried to get vines growing. Several 
plots were planted, but they made 

only slight growth, owing to the 
high pressure of the pond. 

It was then that Captain Alvin 
conceived the idea of lowering 
Seymour's by digging a miniature 
Panama through to another lake, 

(Continued on Page 11) 


ISSUE OF 

it^LlS iiVol.5 

A SMALL CROP OF CRANBERRIES? 

FROM the present outlook it would 

appear that the 1940 crop of cranberries 
will not be large for the country 
as a whole, so there should be a favorable 
price for those who have cranberries. 

THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY 
A STABLE ONE 

iN a rapidly changing world the cran


berry industry seems to be one of the 
most stable of industries. Cranberries 
are recognized as one of the world's best 
fruit from a health standpoint and also 
for taste. 

It would seem that cranberries will 
continue to become more and more important. 


CRANBERRIES NOW YEAR ROUND 
DISH


CRANBERRIES are said to have a cool-

ing effect in the hot months and 
they have now become a year round 
fruit due to canning which of course 
makes them available at all times. Cran-
berry sauce shouldn't be limited to turkey 
alone but it also "goes" with most summer 
dishes. 

IT must be very discouraging to attempt 

to raise cultivated blueberries in Wash-

ington and have a big black bear walk in 

and eat up the fruit or otherwise damage 

the bushes. This could hardly occur in Mas


sachusetts, New Jersey or Wisconsin, we 

believe. This is casting no aspersions on 

Washington, as it must be wilder territory 
than the other cranberry growing areas. 

JULY, 1940 a L

C 

No. 3 

PUBLISHED MONTHLY
at the
WAREHAM COURIER OFFICE,


WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S. A.

WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, U. S. A. 

Editor and Publisher 
CLARENCE J. HALL 

LEMUEL C. HALL 
Associate Editor 

Subscription $2.00 per year 
Advertising rates upon application 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
New Jersey


CHARLES S. BECKWITH
State Cranberry Specialist
Pemberton, N. J.


Wisconsin 

VERNON GOLDSWORTHY 

Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin 

Washington-Oregon 

J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Pullman, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK 
Bandon, Oregon 

Massachusetts 

DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.


BERTRAM TOMLINSON 
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent

Barnstable County Agricultural Agent

Barnstable, Mass. 

Repr

New York City Representative 

280 Madison Ave, Tel. Lexington 2-3595 

Seven 


^RIc » i f\lAW eedI 

ecent Results Of Weed 

Control 

CHESTER E. CROSS, 
Special Investigator 
Massachusetts Cranberry Experi-
ment Station 


The following report embodies 
the conclusions drawn from experi-
ments and observations made since 
the summer of 1937. The experi-
mental areas of that year, together 
with those of more recent growing 
seasons, have been examined for 
cumulative or long-time effects on 
cranberry vines and their crops, as 
well as on the weeds that were 
treated. The spring and summer 
months of 1938 on Cape Cod were 
exceptionally wet, a condition 
which inhibited the kerosene ex-
perimentation designed for those 
periods, but which revealed to us 
many aspects of kerosene and 
other control methods which would 
have remained unknown during the 
drier seasons of 1937 and 1939. 
Last summer was as dry as the 
preceding summer had been wet, 

and though the fair weather per-
mitted much field work, the cran-
berry vines as well as the weeds 
among them, were suffering from 
abnormal drought at the time the 
experiments were made. These 
weather conditions must be con-
tinually remembered to evaluate 
properly the results of experiments 
which in all cases were subject to 
such conditions. 

Kerosene. The kerosene work in 
the spring and early summer of 
1938 was generally less effective 
with most Cape Cod growers than 
in previous years. The tops of 
young grasses and sedges were 
killed off as expected, but within a 
month new tops grew up from the 
uninjured underground rootstocks. 
Then too, cranberry vines sustain-
ed a greater than normal burn, and 
the flower buds were easily dam-
aged. The prevalent soil moisture 
prevented kerosene from penetrat-
ing the root systems as easily as 
under drier conditions, and the at-
mospheric moisture kept weed and 
vine foliage more lush and tender 
than usual, rendering it suscepti-
ble to normally mild treatments of 

Eight 

Ion r\ol*.t r» *• 

Experimentation 

kerosene. After-harvest spraying 
in 1937 and 1938 indicated that the 
drer conditions prevailing then 
and the hardiness of cranberry 
vines prepared for the rigors of 
winter, made it the ideal time for 
treating the grass, sedge, and rush 
pests of the bog. Kerosene experi-
ments have shown that unless the 
oil contacts each weed top there is 
no permanent kill; to destroy the 
root and rootstock, the top pro-
duced by these organs must be 
sprayed. In the fall, practically all 
living, underground, perenniating 
organs have produced a top and 
are thus rendered susceptible to a 
kerosene application. Experiments, 
made late in October after picking 
Howe cranberry vines, indicate 
that the weed tops may be prac-
tically dead and still serve as a 
channel for lethal doses of kero-
sene to their rootstocks. Because 
of the bruising of cranberry vines 
during picking operations, at least 
a week should elapse after har-
vest before kerosene treatments 
are made. After September 15, 
flower buds for the following year 
seem sufficiently protected by 
waxes and resins to withstand suc-
cessfully applications of kerosene 
up to 1000 gallons per acre. Any 
spraying between July 15 and Sep-
trnmber 15, destroys, to a greater 
or lesser degree, the flower buds 
for the following year, and causes 
a corresponding decrease in crop. 

Any kerosene spraying in June, 

July and August causes some tip 

injury to cranberry vines, and may 

burn severely the tender leaves of 

new and vigorous runners. Tem-

peratures over 80 ° F. induce addi-

tional burning to cranberry vines 

particularly if there is little or no 

breeze. Weather conditions which 

foster rapid evaporation prevent 

excessive burning of cranberry 

vines. Water-white kerosene must 

always be used since fuel oils, 

range oils, and others with a yel-

low tinge cause severe burning to 

the cranberry plants, and alter the 

soil in such a way that nothing 

can grow there for an indefinite 

period. The oils of Gulf, Shell, At-

lantic, and probably Sinclair (Pacific) 
Refining Companies are found 

to cause a minimum of injury to 
cranberry vines, and at the same 
time act as effective weed-killers. 
No direct relationship has been 
found between the oil base, or 
chemical or physical constitution of 
kerosene oils and the amount of 

injury to cranberry vines. Experiments 
in July and August indicate 
that a low-held nozzle driving the 
kerosene into the vines, and a 
high-held nozzle permitting kero


hee uder similar pressure to 

dr down onto the vines, cause

drift cause 
equal amounts of vine injury. It 
s been thought that a hard 
driven spray causes more damage 
than a drifting mist, and this may 
still be true in late spring, but 
mid-summer experiments show no 
difference. The amount of cranberry 
vine burn is directly proportional 
to the quantity of kerosene 
applied. This is true whether the 
kerosene treatments are made with 
power or knapsack sprayers or 
with the watering can. The latter 
dispenses kerosene very rapidly 
and it is difficult to et an even 
pead of oil using less than 600 

spread

gallons per acre. It is because of 
the large doses of kerosene applied 
by ordinary sprinkling cans that 
many Cape Cod growers have reported 
such excellent results from 
weed control treatments made in 
this manner. Knapsack sprayers, 
on the contrary, dispense oil slow-

and a thorough coverage can 
be made with only 150-200 gallons 
per acre. Because of this light application 
root systems often survive 
the treatment and cranberry 
growers are dissatisfied. The power 
sprayer is intermediate and permits 
a greater quantity regulation, 
and more uniform and 
thorough coverage. 

Cotton grass (Eriophorum vir


ginicum L.), reed canary grass 

(Phalaris arundinacea L.), poverty 

grass (Andropogon sps.), fresh 

meadow grass (Carex bullata 

Schkuhr. and others), wool grass 

(Scirpus cyperinus [L.] Kunth.), 

manna grass (Glyceria canadensis 

[Michx.] Trin.), nut-grass (Cyp


erus dentatus Torr.), chufus (Cyp


esculentus L.) Dulichium ar


undinaceum [L.] Britton, and severalother 
perennial grasses and 
sedges can be successfully con



trolled by application of kerosene 
400 gallons per acre (21/2 gallons 
per square rod). Others, like rice 
cut grass (Leersia oryzoides [L.] 
Sw.), and three-square grass 
(Scirpus americanus Pers.) re-
quire at least 600 gallons and pre-
ferably 800 gallons per acre to be 
really effective. In these cases, 
treatments must be accompanied 
by a drying out of the bog as 
thoroughly as possible prior to ap-
plication. A high water table al-
ways renders kerosene work on 

these weeds ineffective. 

Horsetail or marestail (Equise-
tum arvense L. and E. hyemale L.) 
is not readily destroyed by kero-
sene except in newly set bogs 
where heavy applications can be 
made early in the season dealing 

effetively with the pest and caus-
ing no undue hurt to the young 
vines. On established bogs, ferric 
sulphate is preferable. 

ya o s ( 

Hoincana[L] Moench, is ery root 

incana [L.] Moench), is very root 
tender to kerosene. Bushes up to 

two and one-half feet high are 
killed by pouring one-half pint of

killed one-half pint of 
kerosene at the base of each, while 

er seciens to si f 
lqu airefull pint. Smal bushes can 
equiredfl apint Sal bushe ps,

be killed by spraying the tops,

larger bushes are little affected by 

such treatment. Alders treated with 
kerosene may remain green for 

f our to five weeks, afte which the

four to five weeks, after which the 

leaves turn brown, shrivel, and 

drop off. No plants have been 

drop off. No plants have been 

known to start afresh from the 

roots if the top has once completely 

lost its leaves. Treatments are 

equally effective in June, July, 

August, and September. ' 

e carea e aber 

The coarse bramble or blackberry 

(Rubus villosus Ait.) can be illed 

by thorough kerosene spraying in 

May when each clump is just start-

ing to grow. Blossoms on adjacent 

cranberry vines are often injured, 

but the blackberries are completely 

eliminated, and the cranberry vines 

and blossoms the following year 

are normal and vigorous. This 

treatment has proved effective in 

large scale operations both in Mas-

sachusetts and Rhode Island. 

Ferric sulphate. This compound 

a type of iron sulphate with a 

larger percentage of sulphate than 

is found in the ordinary "sugar of 

iron", comes into the trade as 

"Ferrisul" from the Monsanto 

Chemical Company.. It was first 
tried on cranberry bogs in 1938 and 
since then has shown increasing 
promise in weed control projects. 
The compound is dry, brown, and 
granular, being almost as easily 
handled as "iron sulphate". It is, 
however, slightly hygroscopic, i. e., 
takes up moisture from the air and 
eventually dissolves itself. Ob-
viously, this characteristic makes it 
more reliable and generally effec-
tive than the regular iron sulphate, 
which becomes a white, crusty ma-
terial without weed-killing ability 
when rain fails to come and dis-
solve it shortly after applying. Ten 
pounds of ferric sulphate, carefully 
and evenly scattered over a square 
rod, will eliminate all sensitive 
ferns (Onoclea sensibilis L.) 
'Fifteen pounds per square rod 
killed all feather ferns (Aspidium 
thelypteris [L.] Sw.) and killed 95 
per cent of the horsetail. These ap-
plications proved quite ineffective 
on royal, cinnamon, and chain ferns 

(Osmunda regalis L., Osmunda cin-

namomea L., and Woodwardia vir-
ginica [L.] Sm.). July and August 

a i a injurious to cran-

applications are injurious to cran-

berry vines, but June and Septem-
ber treatments have met with ex-
cellent results, in which the crop

I 

seemed to suffer in no respect. 
Ferric sulphate cannot be used on 

n 
newly-set bog, vines having less 

than three-years' growth being too 

tender to stand the' treatment. The 
vines must be thoroughly dry when 

eical is scattered, and in-

the chemical is scattered, and in-

jury can be cut to a minimum by 
brushing the chemical off the vines 
to the ground beneath. The cost of 
"ferrisul" is about double that of 

regular iron sulphate, but it is at 

used. It is similar to iron sulphate 

least twice as strong, requiring 
t 
us t is sila to ron sulphate 

in staining and rotting clothing if 
moistened and kept in contact th 
the cloth for a considerable time. 

Ferrous sulphate. "Iron sul-
phte or sugar ofron when 
mixed nine toone with common 
salt forms an excellent mixture 
which when placed in handfuls at 
the base of royal and cinnamn 

ferns, kills these with little injury

fer kills these wh le jy 
to adjacent cranberry vines. The 
salt takes up moisture from the 

air dissolvin itself and the iron 

r dissolving tself 
sulphate making the mixture ef-
fective independent of the weather. 

Salt alone can be used, but requires 
much more care to prevent burning 
the nearby cranberry vines. Iron 
sulphate can be used effectively as 
a solution, one pound to one gallon 
of water, twenty gallons per square 
rod to kill asters, (chiefly Aster 
spectabilis Ait) and cause little 
or no damage to cranberry plants. 
The experiments showing these re-
suits were set out in June. Dry 
iron sulphate scattered at thirty 
pounds per square rod also killed 
all asters when applied in August


a test which showed no injury to 
crop or vines. Three-seeded mercury 
(Acalypha virginica L.,) can 
be killed by applying iron sulphate 
at fifteen pounds per square rod 
while weeds and vines are still wet 
with dew. Most recently, dry iron 
sulphate has been used with success 
on wild sweet potato (Apios 
tuberosa Moench). The one, known, 
successful plot was set out in June, 
1939, on newly sanded vines which 
strangely enough were bearing a 

sizeable crop. In August the wild

sizeable crop. In August the wild 

sweet potato plants had all died 

down and none could be found alive, 

and the underground "potatoes"

and the underground "potatoes" 

were black, soft and rotten. Apparently 
there was no injury to the 
vines or the crop of berries they 
were bearing. 
pProbably at least 
thirty pounds per square rod were 

used, but exact knowledge of effec


used, but exact knowledge of effec


tive quantities will not be known 

until the growing season of 1940 

until the growing season of 1940 

when plots already treated will 

show the percentage kill of various 

show the percentage kill of various 

doses of iron sulphate.
(To be continued)


Are You Aware 

(Continued from Page 3) 

while ome give Persia credit as 

the country where the muskmelon 

was first raised the concensus of 

opinion is that the melon originated 

in Southern Asia in the foothills of 

the Himalaya Mountains where 

they still grow in a wild state ... 

THAT New York state potato 

growers report the cost of growing, 

harvesting and marketing an acre 

is nearly $100 and that the yields 

there averaged 232 bushels to the 

acre, giving an average cost of 42 

cents a bushel .... THAT it is 

scientifically stated that dried peas, 

dried beans and lentils furnish a 

great amount of proteins, and that 

(Continued on-Page 12) 

Nine 


on the other hand, has many tiny 
seeds so soft that they are scarcely 
noticed when the berries are eaten. 

The fruits of certain of the blueberry 
varieties native to Washington 
are gathered each fall and sold 
to the fresh market and to the 

The blueberry varieties 
native to Washington which produce 
most of the commercial pack 
are as follows: Vaccinium ovatum 

Pursh; Vaccinum acropylum

(Hook) Piper; Vaccinium ovalifolium 
Smith; Vaccinium deliciosum 
Piper. 
The berries from these species 
are all marketed as huckleberries, 
and, owing to the general use of 
the word huckleberry to designate 
the native or wild blueberry, they 
will probably retain that name. The 

name blueberry will therefore serve 

name blueberry will therefore serve

designate the cultivated varieties 

DDV~

~THE BLUEBDII D \A/ERR 

kkU~lk~U~~~~~~~~i,~ ~~t s~ ______ Acanneries. 

Observations and Experiments With 
Blueberries In Western Washington 

by D. J. Crowley 
Director, Washington Cranberry 
and Blueberry Experiment Station 


The cultivation of blueberries is 
one of the youngest horticultural 
industries of western Washington. 
Nevertheless, the industry is at-
tracting much attention and its 
rapid development in the near fu-
ture very probably will e in the 
sections where the right combina-

sectios we

te rh

tion of soil and moisture conditions 
are found 

The Cultivated Blueberry 

Only two species of blueberries 
have been placed in cultivation 
commercially, namely, Vaccinium 
corymbosum and Vaccinium virga-
tur. The latter is a native of the 
southern states and is cultivated 
chiefly in Florida. Through the 
courtesy of Dr. G. M. Darrow of the 
United States Department of Agri-
culture a few plants of this species 
were obtained in 1931 for testing 
in the blueberry experimental plot 

of the Cranberry Laboratory at 
Long Beach, Washington. These 
plants appear to be hardy under 

assembled a large number of blue-
berry plants that produced berries 
of unusual size. This collection 
formed the foundation stock for 
most of the present commercial va-
rieties. 

Important Species Native to

Neverteless hendusryito designate the cultivated varieties

Washington only. 

Several species of wild blue-
erries are native to western Wash-
ington. They are commonly, though

incorrectly, called huckleberries. 

norrel ledries i

huckleber i 
No truefistedhuckleberries are e 

the flora of Washington. The true 
huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata 

C. Koch) has 10 rather large seeds, 
which detract from the eating 
quality of the berry. The blueberry, 

The first planting of cultivated 
blueberries in western Washington 
was made in 1917 by Henry C. 

an wit lan r from r 

ane, with plants secured irom Dr. 
Coville. While the plants in this 
plot were not named varieties, they 
attracted much attention because 

of their high productivity and freedom 
from pests. 

(Continued on Page 12) 

McCornick Insecticides
for
Control of Cranberry Insects


CRANBERRY DUST NO. 1: A standardized insecticidal 
dust combining pure pyrethrum extract and other insecfactors 
with a special carrier. It is ground into 
extremely fine particles so it can be used as a dust, or 
with water to make a spray or a wash. Leaves 

no poisonous residue.

no residue. 

PYRETHRUM POWDER: Finest ground powder of its 
kind in the world. Contains more killing particles per 
ounce. More effective and economical because it comes 
into more intimate contact with vital parts of the insect's 
body. 

CO MIC ALE 

BA IMO , MD. 

Standardized Liquid and Dust Pyrethrum and Derris Insecticides 

.ticidal conitionbeh 
Washington conditions but whether 
they will prove to be of economic 

pashingts o uter 

they towil o

beproveecombined 

importance in Washington remains 
to be determined. 

When cultivated blueberries are 
mentioned, however, it is generally 
assumed that the species being dis-
cussed is the eastern, cultivated 
blueberry known scientifically as 
Vaccinium corymbosum. The history 
of this species as a cultivated 
plant dates back to 1909 when Co-
ville started his experiments and 
outlined fundamentals for blue-
berry culture. Much of his work 
was done at Whitesbog, New Jersey, 
where Elizabeth C. White had 

Ten 


Flooding and Irrigation idual bog if he is to get the mA 

out of it. 

(Continued from Page 2) Conclusion 

TABLE 1. 

The Average Effect of Height of Water Table on 
Growth of Cranberries 


Average Water Table 2.0 5.0 8.3 10.9 13.0 
--— ---
Annual Growth in Inches 2.35 2.54 2.86 2.91 3.05 
Tips per Sq. Foot 347 386 412 422 397 
Yield in lbs. per sq. rd 35.2 42.5 47.9 50.2 48.2 

TABLE 2. 
Average Annual Crop on Plots With Water Table at Different Depths

1924-1927 

There are three practices that 

are three practices that 

are often overlooked in New Jersey; 
the value of early drawing of 
the winter flood, the need of moisture 
in peat bogs and the necessity 
of more drainage on well sanded 
bogs. To this may be added the 

caution that early drawing will in-

crease insect, disease and frost 

troubles; changing the water table 
practice too rapidly might cause 
injury; and well sanded bogs need 

injury; and well sdraianded bogs need 

much deeper drainage than peat 
bogs. 

Water Table 

groups (inches) 

Average Water 
of each group 

(inches) 

1924 

1925 

====================================== 

Average Yield of Berries 
0-3" 3-6" 6-9" 9-12" 12-15" A Pioneer Cranberry 
GrowerGrower 
Table 
2.0" 5.0" 8.3" 10.9" 13.0" (Continued from Page 6) 
some 200 yards distant. The lower 
lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lake known as Hinckley's or Pleasant 
Lake, was two feet lower than 
58.8 55.7 68.8 73.9 70.3 Seymour's. Captain Cahoon had 
^ _____________-o~--,___ noticed considerable seepage of 
16.7 20.6 19.2 25.3 24.8 water 
order 
between 
to lower 
the two ponds. In 
Seymour's, it was 

1926 49.8 62.Q 73.4 74.2 74.1 necessary to dig a ditch five feet

8 

_ ^wide, running through hills nearly 

1927 —30 15.8 

Average 1924-1927 35.2 

A note made at the time was to 
the efect that the crop on the high 
water table plots did not keep well. 

In fact, the fruit was over half soft 
and somewhat mushy at packing 
time. 

The above data apply to unsanded 
bogs only. There the entire root 
growth is in a thin layer at the 
surface which must be kept moist. 
Even when the soil is saturated, 
the roots get some air probably by 
floating on the surface of the wa-
ter. One quarter inch of sand ap-
plied to an old bog would not 
change this situation but a two-inch 
layer would. 

Very serious injury is caused by 
allowing a mud or peat bog to be-
come too dry during June, July or 
August. Cases are common where 
the water is as low as two feet 
below the surface during a dry per-
iod. On the other hand, the water 
table is often at the surface during 

26.9 30.3 27.5 23.4 
42.5 47.9 50.2 48.2 
a wet period. Most growers will be 
surprised if they cut a hole two 
feet deep in their bog and watch 

how the water table changes during 
the season. A very definite effort 
should be made to keep the water 
table constant and about 10 inches 
below the surface. 

Many have noted how the peat 
dries hard and cracks at the sur-
face during the dry periods. This 
makes a poor environment for the 
tender cranberry roots that must 
get nutrients there for the plants. 

Too often, growers have copied on 
their peat bogs the excellent drain-
age systems in sanded bogs and 
have found that the cranberry vines 

die. 

Sanded bogs need a much lower 
water table than peat bogs. It is a 
common mistake not to change the 
water table materially upon sand-
ing heavily. The growing of cran-
berries on well sanded bogs needs 
study by the grower on the indiv-

feet high. It was a gigantic 
undertaking. With wheel barrows 
and very little help, Captain Ca


hoon started, with the aid of his 
small sons and one or two hired 
workmen. 
The late Captain Benjamin G. 
Cahoon then 14 years of age, a 
son of Alvin helped dig the stream. 
Neighbors discouraged the Captain 
and his helpers. Begun in the fall 
of 1852, however, the small gang 
worked diligently, and in April of 
the following year the canal was 
finished. The completion on April 
1 was the occasion for a big celebration. 
Residents of towns and 
villages nearby were present. They 
celebrated by blowing horns and 
ringing bells. Though Captain Cahoon 
had sought the aid of neighbors 
to pay their share of the dig-
gin, everyone flatly refused, saying 
it would be a failure and waste of 
money and time. Upon seeing that 
the pond could be considerably 
lowered, however, they reimbursed 
the aged captain liberally, and admitted 
he had done the trick. 
Water in Seymour's settled rapidly, 
and in three weeks the pond 

Eleven 


was two feet lower. Hinckley's, Blueberry Varieties feet tall and bears a good crop, but 
having a natural outlet to the (Continued from Page 10) in the strictly coastal areas its 
ocean in West Harwich-the so-Blueberry Varieties berries rarely ripen before the 
called "Herring River"-was little twentieth of August. Farther ineffectedby 
the surplus. After this Most of the named varieties of land from the ocean where the 
date other bogs were built along blueberries now grown commer-summer temperatures are higher, 
the shore of the pond. cially are either selections from the it is quite possible that this and 

Among the present owners of wild plants assembled atWhites-some of the other varieties not in-
bog, New Jersey, or hybrids made eluded in our list may prove de-

bog on or near the shore of theelddn m our y

pod areJ. Burleigh Atkins, l from selected plants by Coville. The sirale.

pond are J. Burleigh Atkins, Cal-varieties are 
vin Eldredge, Archilus Cahoon, principal named varieties are 

n E d,A CAh Adams, Cabot, Dunfee, Green-Are You Aware

Robert H. Cahoon, Mrs. D. A. Adams, Cabot, Dufee, Gree-Are Aware

field, Grover, Harding, Jersey,

Clark. Bogs on other ponds in the r i (Continued from Page 9) 
area, famous for its beautiful lakes June, Katharine, Pioneer, Ran--when they are on the menu, meat 

coccas, Rubel, Sam, Stanley, and

in a summer resort area, are own-el, Sam ale a is not necessary with that meal 
ed by Makepeace Brothers, Free-ammell. . . THAT golden bantam corn 

All these varieties are now grow-

man Adams, and others. Among the eberr exerhas been, and is, the most famous 
early growers were the late Joseph t hybrid sweet corn and still is the 

N. Atkins, Emulous A. Cahoon, ' standard of perfection in quality
and most of them have been under

Joseph W. Crowell, James F. Ca-s t f s s. As . THAT the United States in 
hoon. The bogs planted nearly a observation for several years. As area and in people makes up about 

century ago are still producing for 
previously stated, all these varieties six and one-half percent of the 
are prolific but certain of them

the most part. ae proi bt world, yet it produces sixty-two

have proved to be better adapted to

There has been some controversy ci ic c ii percent of the annual oil produc


local climatic conditions than 

as to the promoter of the canal en-th I selectn variet b tion of the world, owns 68 percent

others. In selecting varieties best

terprise, but the late Captain "B. t c i a g of the automobiles, has 20,000,000

^» 1.1,1 .-• f^ ^ adapted to conditions in a large ^ -n ^

nT • 

G." of Marshfield insisted, and of the world's 41,000,000 tele


. part of western Washington, it was

could prove, he said, that his fath- part of wester phones more than half of the

col'. . h e s hnecessary to eliminate those that phones, more than half of the 

er took sole responsibility. After . .world's cotton production, 20 per-

do not ripen their fruits in an aver- 5

school nights Captain "B. G." de-season before August 15. Va-cent of the world's 5,000,000,000 
clares he rolled sand until his age season before 15. Va-
bushels of wheat, four out of every

rieties that do not ripen before the

hands were blistered. Mornings his middle of August encounter a cer-t n boxes of oranges are packed 
father urged him to help a little. i competition from here and there are more students 

At the mouth of the canalhe trehe wildblueberries which come to colleges and universities than 
was a thick maple swamp, and the the maket about that time in the rest of the world put to-
bog has always been known as the For those areas of western geher .... THAT half the land 

"Maple Swamp", although it was Washington such as Pacific and in the United States has been 
cleared and converted into bog. The c a damaged by erosion, and is costing 
late Joseph N. Atkins owned part Gras Hrbr cuties, ad ee-farmers at least $400,000,000 a

wvhere where the summers are com-farmers at least $400,000,000 a 

of the property for years. It is now paatively cool, the varieties best year in the removal of soil fertility 
owned by Calvin Eldredge, a prom-ss alone? .

~~~~inentgrower. adapted to the growing season areinent grower. Cabot, Harding, Katharine, Pioneer,

To raise cranberries successfully, Cra ' H r ii 

Sam, Rancoccas, Rubel, and Scam- H. Harriman

good drainage is considered nec-Sam, Rancoccas, Rubel, and Scliam 
essary. Had Seymour's not beenr mell. Crop production records for Center St., North Carver, Mass.


loweredconsiderably, it would the last three years indicate that Center St., North Carver, Mass.

lowered it would

have been impossible to build alonga.the average yield of each of these Real Estator 
have been e varieties is nearly the same. Specializing Purchase and

impo to bd in the 

its shores. The June variety later probably Sale of Cranberry Properties 

qA_.. .. will be included with the recommended 
list as it is one of the earli-
FOR YOUR FRIENDS est of the high bush varieties. It S L 0 
has not, however, been sufficiently

Who think cranberrying is a tested under local conditions to jus-R g S 

one-week a year business I will tify ts inclusion at present. TheSystem 

mail as you direct six Greenfield variety is the earliest of heads water cranberries 

CRANBERRY ALMANACS all the named varieties. Under local and protect from frost, 
address in the retun conditions, however, it is an uncer


with your address in the return ' .

withe fr ^ your producer. Its chief defect is its

Dolrtain 

corner for Three Dollars. 

habit of blossoming in September Skinner System 

RUSSELL A. TRUFANT or October, after the fall rains of Irrigation

start. 
Middleboro, Mass. The Grover variety is vigorous, Brookline Mass. 

_. produces a bush from seven to eight 

Twelve 


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ditches, orchards, etc., clean. Hun^ 
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Extensive Experience in 

ELECTRICAL WORK 

At Screenhouses, Bogs and 

Means Satisfaction 

. ^Pumps~~~______~~________________________~ 

ALFRED PAPPI 
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 

Plymouth County Electric Co. 

We Have Listings of 
WAREHAM --PLYMOUTH Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small 

FOR SALE 

MASSACHUSETTS FOR SALE

Geo. A. Cole Agency 

WILDA HANEY 
Decas Block 

Wareham, Massachusetts 

Buiid and Rebuild Productive Bogs 
the PROFITABLE WAY 
WITH ROTOTILLERE 

ONCE OVER the ground with ROTOTILLER gives complete prepara


tion for immediate planting. Fast rotating tines plow, disc, harrow 
and smooth in a single operation. ROTOTILLER breaks up hard sod. 
Makes unexcelled, thoroughly pulverized, deep seed bed, with no hard 
plow sole. Chews up and destroys weeds; effectively discourages the pWER-DRIVEN multi-

development and spread of False Blossom. 1 purpose ROTOTILLER 

enables your men to do two 
CULTURE to ten times as much pro-

IDEAL FOR BLUEBERRY ductive work. Effects tremendous 
savings. Is easily 

ROTOTILLER used as a cultivator for blueberries will destroy and keep handled and works effecweeds 
down and rows clean. Works close to bushes without danger, tively in confined 

areas. 
doinT an incomparably better job than is possible with the scratch-drag Needs only guiding-ROmethod. 
ROTOTILLER prepares ground quickly and thoroughly for TOTILLER DOES THE 

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COLLEY CRANBERRY COMPANY


Water Street Pl9amonth 

Packers and Distributors 

SUITSUS BRAND CAPE COD

CRANBERRIES 

DUST, SPRAY MATERIALS CRANBERRY FERTILIZER BOG SUPPLIES 

"t'a d aaL aranbe time" 

FROM THE "CO-OP BUILDER"


"Most businesses are owned by one group of people and used 
by another. 

"A co-operative is owned by the same people who use it. 

"Since one cannot make a profit out of oneself, they conduct 
their business on a non-profit basis. Membership in a genuine cooperative 
is always open to all. Join and support yours!" 

New England Cranberry Sales Company 

9 Station Street, Middleboro, Mass. 


Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page 

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