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SERVING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY 42 NE : HoIALt. CRANBERRY MAGAZI ACEExecutivesnew New Bedfoid office Geneial Managei Bryant and Mi. Elizabeth C~Mc·aly in '1951::;:;:;:;: Cents JULY, 30;:;:;:;:·:·:i.:.:I:::::::::i:::::::::; (CRANBERRIES Photo ..... ........ :::::;;;::::·i2 ii~~ii~iiiijiiiiBX~~ s I~x:,wjc:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: · ·.·.r·.·.....:.I·:·:·:·:·:·:·::::·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·.......... .............:: :i:I I::,;;:::.···::: ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~':;Ii:::::::j:::.::::: A~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~iiiiiiii:~~iiiiiii 5:·:·:.:..:1::::::·:·::·:·::·:·::·:::::........·····..:::;::::;;;.·· ::::................i:::::::::j:::::::iii:::::: ......... CAPE ~ Elm~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::::: COD WASHINGTON~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... ~~1:: 5::::~:::::: NEWJERSEY ~ ~ ~ ii:~:::::::::::8888~~a VVISCONSIN -------F~~ii8:::::::::: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::~:::::::::IjI ORENGO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:..:::::5::::::::::: .w::::I:::.··:::# :::::I: ~ N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~i:::::~::::::·::::: WASH1146TO in new New Bedford office, General Manager Bryant ACE Executives and Mis· Elizabeth (CRANBERRIES Photo:Sl~ C. Mc ~ ~ ~ ~ :::'::::::::;;ally. JI MM HACKETT "CRANBERRIES" ADVERTISING Tel. Rockland 1864 Cranberry Growers No. Hanover, Mass. DIVIDENDS! Reasonable Rates · INTERNATIONAL Harvester on Request Always Especiallyand CONTINENTAL — Always Especially Red Seal Industrial Engines * LAWRENCE WELCOME Propellor Pumps * DEMING to Centrifugal Pumps Sa|te d2Sei ce | Robert W. Savary Visit and Ride CHRYLER -PLYMOUTH THE SALES and SERVICE EDAVILLE RAILROAD CONVEYER l 11 || | South Carver, Mass. Goodyear and Federal Tires VMATHEW S Mrs. Ellis D. Atwoodand I Repairs on all makes of cars and Genuine Parts and Accessories TRACK j Extensive Experience in Tel. Wareham 63-R At Sreenhouses Bgstiand ARLINGTON, 74 MASS. ALFRED PAPPI ______Box________WAREHAM, MASS. 626 Frost Insecticide Co. East Wareham, Mass. ELECTRICAL WORK 36 Tel. KEEPING AN EYE ON THE BALL Is important in baseball. The WISCONSIN CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY keeps it's eye on the "cranberry ball" at all times. We serve our members, and the industry by being constantly on the alert. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company (A Cooperative) WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN Morris April Bros. BRIGcS & STRATTON, Bridgeton -Tuckahoe CLINTON, WISCONSIN, New Jersey ap Vineyard LAWSON, and HERCUI.ES ___ Electric Company ENGINSS Expert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used Apples Cranberries Offices: Engine Driven Generators For .Emergency 7Peac (JtChatham Portb.1le and All Apiliations Peaches Falmouth __ F'—-~almouth |Power Mowers GROWERSAND | 'I'lyannis and T;'actors Serviced GROWERS Provincetown SIIIPPERS |Vin yard Haven Alan Painten Co. ,"rl~~~ .'"""I~~~~~~~~~~~ ~r rEstablished 1922 _________________________ Tel. 334 HANOVER, MASS. CRANBERRY - GROWERS Hall & Cole Choose and Use Middleborough Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Incorporated Dusters | Commission Merchants Trust Company and Jobbers Niagara Chemical'/0^~ M94-i Faneuil Hall Market 102 ~~~MIDDLEBORO BOSTON, MASS. Division I Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation APPLES AND CRANBERRIES Member of SPECIALTIES The Federal Deposit Middleport, New York The Fe l Insurance Corporation ____ ________Car Lot Receivers Wareham Savings Bank and The National Bank of Wareham Falmouth Branch Conveniently located for Cranberry men Welcome Savings Accounts Funds always available for sound loans Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent Complete Banking Service PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. .......... is not necessary. This is the time, and the ditch is the place, to see RE~a j|. r l l l ll lll how far a sprayer-full can be fiYass. nLrlolnlIerry^ rstretched-sometimes 400 ft. of Fi~eld Nfotes ditch can be sprayed with one fillrSta^ tifr1 ^and ^ing (thirty minutes). All weeds StationI l and Field Notes and cranberry new growth will be burned by it-best results in damp by J. RICHARD BEATTIE or hot and humid weather. Extension Cranberry Specialist A wet ditch full of grasses, rushes, and tussocks of sedges .......... ——_~~~~~~ . ~sometimes dries out during July The cranberry season is several conditions it is important that and August, at least to the point days advanced compared with last growers kill or burn off the weeds where no standing water remains on the surface. If such a ditch is year. Insect activity has been growing in the ditches with some treated with kerosene from a watabout normal. Joe Kelley and the form of weedkiller. The knapsack ering pot, frequently the roots as writer have yet to see a gypsy sprayer is a very useful tool in this well as the tops of the weeds are moth caterpillar in the areas treat-work, particularly if the nozzle till ani the ditch remains weeded during the last two years undler opening is enlarged to at least free until new seed germinates. the special aerial spray program. 1/1.6 of an inch in diameter. Then Once or twice a yea, growers .(...rOne or twice a year, growers Growers should check their bogs / lb. of sodium arsenite should be hould dra a hook or potato-digduring July for fruit worm, leaf-dissolved in a sprayer-full of water er completely around their bogshoppers, weevils, spittle insects, (3-/24 gals.) and sprayed rapidly, n the shore ditches to discover and and the second brood fireworms. and with good pressure on the pull out runners of the small A few suggestions for controlling ditch weeds, holding the nozzle low bramble, poison ivy Virginiathese pests are outlined as follows: to avoid spray drift onto cranberry creeper or morning glory which An accurate egg count is the key vines. Each sprayer-full should may be crossing the ditch from the to proper timing of sprays and cover 150-200 ft. of narrow ditch dusts for controlling shore to anchor its roots on the fruitworm. and should not take more than bog. Failure to stop these invad- Ryania is given first place in the twenty to twenty-five minutes to ers at an early stage can cause list of treatments for this partic-spray. Best results are attained ular insect (See the insect and when ditches dry, but thiswo. trouble n a yeare disease control chart). Leafhop-spray will kill to the water line The drainage of many Massapers are plentiful on many bogs where standing water remains in chusetts bogs has decreased during and should receive special atten-the ditch and much seed production the last three years both because tion. The new brood of weevils is stopped by even this sort of the ditches have not been cleaned and the adults of the spittle insect spraying during that time and because sum- will be found on bogs about mid-A f mertime drouth has forced many July or a few days earlier this m aene f a non-osonos growers to carry the water high year. DDT will control both of seems advisabe. To for irrigation. These factors are these pests. and onealf pounds of ammate is responsible for the increasing popu *^~~~ ', ^. and one-half pounds of ammate is lations f cut grass, rushes, and The control of ditch weeds is a needed for each knapsack sprayer-other "water weeds". If rains topic that has received relatively full of water. The same care mustrains little attention, but is an important iull of water. The same care must continue to be frequent, it seems be used to keep ammate off the advisable to drain the bogs as part of good bog management. cranberry vines that are wanted, much as possible by killing or Dr. C. E. Cross has kindly prepared and the sprayer must be washed burning the ditch weeds, even some very timely information on carefully with soapy water immed-greater drainage will be possile. this subject, which is as follows: iately after using ammate to pre- Notes on Ditch Weed Control vent excessive corrosion. One of the more neglected phases Occasionally, growers have part -INTERESTEDof cranberry bog management dur-of a drum of Stoddard Solvent left _ ing the last three depressing years at the bog and would like to use in buying or leasinghas been the cleaning of ditches. it to advantage in order that the Wisconsin CranberryThe actual digging out of silt, drum may be returned for the property. sand, and weeds is laborious and deposit charge. This material High it Se Jumbo High quality Searles Jumbo, costly, and few growers at present makes a good ditch weedkiller, McFarlin and Howes vines for can afford such care for their particularly when the weeds are sale. drainage and irrigation ditches. loosestrife, asters, brambles, or However, weed-choked ditches are rushes. The knapsack sprayer Vernon Goldsworthyoften responsible for the production nozzle opening should be a little 936 Memorial Drive and distribution of many trouble-less than 1/16 or an inch for spray-Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin some bog weeds, and under present Ing Stoddard, and heavy spraying _ Tw4o HAMMOND APPOINTED TO WIS. STATE BEEKEEPING ADVISORY COMMITTEE "Del" Hammond, of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, has been appointed to the Wisconsin State Beekeeping Advisory Com- mittee set up by the Department of Agriculture. The use of bees on Wisconsin marshes has in- creased tremendously and is con- sidered an important pollination factor. D. N. McDowell, director of the Wisconsin Department of Agricul- ture, Claire L. Jackson, chief, ad- ministration division. E. L. Cham- bers, State Entomologist and two others from the U. S. Department of Agriculture were visitors at Wisconsin Rapids last month. Miss Jean Nash, president, Sales Com- pany; Mr. Hammond, President Henry Duckart and Manager Leo Sorenson of the Mid-west Cran- berry Company took them on a tour of some of the area marshes. It was the first time that Mr. Mc- Dowell had been in the Wisconsin cranberry district. ——_ -— Eggs are an excellent source of protein. They contain the eight essential amino acids. More farm families produce and sell eggs and poultry than any other farm commodity. NEW STEVENS VARIETY PLANTED IN WISCONSIN The Stevens Variety, named after the late Dr. Neil E. Stevens is now being propagated at sev- eral locations in Wisconsin. For the past few years final work on this variety in Wisconsin, insofar as expenses are concerned, has been contributed to greatly by the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany with help to the Biron nursery, where this variety was propagated. Cuttings are now planted as fol- lows: Midwest has its vines at the Potter and Son marsh, the Sales Company at the Tony Jonjak marsh, Hayward, the Vernon Goldsworthy marsh at Three Lakes, the Gerald Brockman marsh at Vesper and the Biron Cranberry Company marsh. Cranberry Growers, Inc., also has plants as well as the 0. L. Hotz Cranberry Com- pany and the Fred Barber marsh. However, it is to be anticipated a number of years will elapse be- fore any appreciable amount of acreage will be planted to the Stevens. Yet, under the present planting schedule there are cut- tings in all areas of the state to see the different reactions to cli mate conditions. - CAMPERS!-Douse your camp- fire-KEEP OUR STATE GREEN. WESTERN PICERS Inc. 1172 Hemlock Avenue CooS Bay, Oregon At this point it is well to remember the basic theory and prin- That if friction is neglected he vines will be pulled up along the upper side of the teeth by the powered rubber covered vine roller to the point where they are at r nle o eare tangent tothe vine rollermounted below this point. The sickle is placed just behind the line so that any normal length vine will be pulled down through the teeth by the powered rubber roller before the sickle will cut the vine. For vines longer than normal the rubber lugs mounted on the conveyor belt engage the top ends of the v kle. F is ras the loe en o the conveyor is called a picking element. Since the friction on the teeth varies at different times of the harvest season and for different types of vines and for different Illll 111litilllllllllllll ~!~llt;H~IIIIltillrli~iir[ JIIiIH111BlIIIIil:llPEIIdegrees of dryness of the vines, the position of the vine roller may BE NEIGHBORLY have to be changed accordingly. bUfc UI"tl~~riKUKLY Do a fellow grower a good turn. Tear out this coupon, give it to him. Every cranberry grower should be a reader of CRANBERRIES magazine. * One Year $3.00 Six Mos. $1.50 ; Enclosed is ----for Subscription. PName ----————— — -""-—- Street address---................ Street add s |^.^ ~~ City or:*~ Town * -State ----------. CRANBERRIES Magazine | In general this distance will vary on both sides of 12-1/2" from the points of the teeth to the face of the vine rollers. In the vines that have been well trained and are not too heavy a 12 inch setting can be used. For pruning new heavy growth the first time, a 13 inch setting may be used with the forward conveyor roller just clearing the teeth. This setting has b fobeen found most useful in rehabili tating old, run-down bogs. | | -Western Pickers are still avail|^~~~~ able for this harvest season. 171 Main St. Wareham, Massachusetts able for this harvest season. l-I ll'"l lliiiim IIaIllll'[el11-* 1-11111* •l ltltlltIIIK lttM'll itt i lllIIIM:lllli 11HIIIII Tkre -ONAL CRANBERRY 114G4 ISSUE OF JULY 1951 -VOL. 16, NO. 3 Published monthly at The Couriel Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusette. Subscription, $8.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943. at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 8, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled byC. J.H MASSACHUSETTS it was said at the State Bog that meteorologist in charge of Wisl H —o the month had not deteriorated Frost Warning Service has av consin Bloom Heavy conditions any, as there was some been ill for some time and has been Tche bloom on bogs Is hieavy, coolness toward the end, and in forced to take a leave of absence. generally spaki This genallygenl ams is replacement is Athur . Wol speakingun his seenot Jun- to be true of both early an(d late favorable to quality as had the ford who has had ten years of ex- water. Every indication is that previous months. perience in Florida in fruit fore- there will be at least an average casting work. He arrived at the crop-and probably more. Insectrop-sNandproty B. Fruit Worm Clinics Rapids on June 10 and will be on Asnsecs o swe Fruit worm clinics were held the job for the remainder of the As June ended, insects were not July 5th at 7 p.m., season causing undue trouble. They were July 5th at 7 p. m., at the State in fact a little less troublesome Bog; on July 6 at 10 a. m., at the Mather had a rather unusual fact, a than n'ormal, if anything. How-Erwin Gorham Bog, Bryantville, celebration recently. Mr. and Mrs. ever, there was a great deal of and the same day at 2 p. m., at Brimshaw, Mr. and Mrs. B. R. late water and as the crop ma-the John Egger Bog, Lakeville. Mitchell and Mr. and Mrs. Sher and, as ma tures there could be more trouble Assistance on fruitworm and other rnan Baker, all celebrated their than is now anticipated. problems were given by members 50th wedding anniversaries. Mr. w N and Mr. ainfallBelow Nor tion staff. Mrs. Mitchell are long-time mem- Rainfal B l of Extension and Experiment Sta-and Mrs. Brimshaw and The rainfall for the month was The rainfallwasfor the bers of the Wisconsin Cranberry month but 1.38 inches as recorded at the State Bog at East .Wareham. This WISCONSIN Sales Company. is about half of normal. The hot-ASHIN test day of June was the 25th with Budding Below Normal WASHINGTON 89 degrees, the coolest was 42 on Insofar as the crop is concerned, Prospects Better Than 50 the 7th and the 12th. it still is too early to tell just what By end of June all bogs were in -—-~_ ^the situation will develop into. The full bloom. While it was too early KEEPING QUALITY budding was below normal, but the to rake any definite prediction, Dr. Franklin's final keeping growth and development about but in opinion of D. J. Crowley quality forecast came out in mid-normal as of the end of June. crop should be a little larger than June as follows: "The general June was a cool month, with last year, 33,000 bbls. There has keeping quality of cranberries this temperatures below normal. Rain-been some frost damage, it has Fall will be poor. If the rest of fall was about normal, water sup-developed and this was chiefly on June is cooler than normal, the plies for irrigation or a possible the night of May 28 when a rainy keeping quality will not be as poor frost were adequate. spell cleared up unexpectedly and as in some years. Present condi-Crop Affected several growers were caught naption suggest that those bogs The frost damage in the North-ping. The frost was spotty and which usually produce poor quality ern Areas on {May 9 and 10 was apparently all the alarms did not f'ruit should be treated with a serious. Winter injury is consider-work that night. fungicide immediately.' ably more damaging to the crop Fireworm At the end of June notice was than anticipated. This will affect Growers who failed to spray for sent out by Plymouth and Barn-the crop materially, the last few years are finding that stable County agents that "condi-Insect problem is not too bad, the fireworm is coming back and tions this year call for special at-but all growers are working on a are having to put on extra dosages tention to control of Fruit Rot. program for fruitworm. First to handle the pests. The second application of a fungi-sprays were put on some marshes With surpluses being disposed cide should be made toward the about June 25. of, growers feel more encouraged end of the blossoming period." Personals and that the crop of this year will With the ending of the month J. W. Milligan, formerly frost be sold at more reasonable prices. Four Annual Field Day Annual Field Day at the Long Beach Experiment Station has been set for August 24. Among other interesting features, grow- eis at that time will have an op- portunity to see some of the seed- ling crosses in production. Reports of other experiments at the Sta- tion will be given, Exceptionally Freak May Frost According to "The Cranberry Vine", the mimeographed publica- tion of County Extension Service, South Bend, prepared by Ralph E. Tidrick, County Agent, that was rather an unusual frost on the night of May 28. The mer- cury' dropped to as low as 26 on some bogs, but it was extremely freaky in its spottiness. To illus- trate, he tells of a grower at Gray- land. Sections of his bog were hard hit yet his frost alarm failed to go off. He had two of the alarms located in places that are normally cold spots for him. The temperatures in those spots never reached the danger point so he was not aroused to the danger. I ist suggested by Dr. Crowl It is suggested by Dr. Crowley thatis ita good idea for growers thatgo i dea for growersto sprinkle-irrigate bogs at least once a week, if water supplies pre- e a sw i w mit. Tidrick suggests that growers mi. growers who do not have sprinklers com- pare their crops this Fall with the crops of the growers who have. "It might show you how you have lost some of your profits." "Red" Leaf and Lecanium Scale Growers are urged to watch for Red leaf spots in heavy vine growth or where frost injury has destroyed the crop. Some Lecaniurn scales have been hatched at the Experiment Station in order to carry on tests for con- trol of the migatory scales. Parathion and Metacide have given good kills with nicotine sulfate also giving satisfactory control. Neighbors Being Hurt A few growers aren't spraying for fireworms, and they are being hurt, but what is equally important is that they are hurting their neighbors, as well. When the fire- worm millers appear to lay eggs for the second brood, the wind blows them around over two or three neighborinlg bogs on tie for thle auditors to complete their down-wind side. Of course these records. lay eggs, too, and the worms that Financial and sales reports will hatch make extra spray applica-be given by department heads and tions on the part of the innocent the district salesmen will be pres- neighbor. The bogs are so close in ent to outline the market situation many areas that only ditches in the various sales territories. separate one bog from another The new fresh cranberry packing man's property. "A neighbor who room will be open for inspection. fails to spray for insects or to All growers, whether members control weeds can be a headache or not, are welcome, as usual, the Assoociation announces. and the cause for a great deal of Assoociation announces. worry and expense," says "The Vine. Mass. Growers to "Cat Trails" Tidlick says he hears complaints Import Peurto about neighbors with cats on their . place. It seems the cats like to RiCO Labor make trails along the edges of A representative group of cranneighbors' bogs. berry growers, meeting recently Early Season at the A. D. Makepeace Company, Finally the growing season at with Francis J. Butler, chairman, end of June was about ten days and "Dick" Beattie, secretary of ahead of last year and the berries the cranberry labor committee, de- were expected to be all set before cided to import Puerto Ricans for the 4th of July. harvest labor to the number of 300. This is being done through A Meetg Massachusetts Employment offi- Annual Meeting Of cials. NatiaL l The 300, who are expected to be I IWeather ranberry trained agricultural labor, al- ExtremelyIs Jy y 17thh though of course not in cranberry picking, will arrive Sept. 1 to re- National Cranberry Association main for a period of 12 weeks. will hold its Annual Meeting at the They will come by air, 60 to a Hanson (Massachusetts) Plant on plane. At present, there is no July 17 at 10:00 a. m. The mid-arrangement for a central housing July date was set to allow (Continued on Page ) time (Continued on Page 11) I RII + FLEX-O-SEAL PORTABLE PIPE + RAINBIRD SPRINKLER HEADS + GORMAN RUPP PUMPING UNITS + SUCTION AND DISCHARGE FITTINGS Write for free descriptive literature on steel and aluminum pipe, sprinklers, and pumping units in all sizes. * * VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRIGATION DIV. Forestdale, Cape Co-, Mass., Foestdale, Cape Mass., Tel. Osterville 719 -I Five 0. /^ r-L 'x' from the University of t10Economics American Cranberry Exchange Completes Its Move To New Bedford, Massachusetts Also Announces Appoint- ment of Merchandising Manager-Lloyda R. Wil- liams of Presque Isle, Me. in early June made the move from which city it has been located since ett fome orld famous wiar ing City," and now a leading tex- tile community. Manhattan, of course is on the Hudson River, mne i Connecticut in 1938. Following graduation he worked e fort Connectict Dpaton oef for the Connecticut Department of Agriculture as a narket reporter for fruits and vegetables, and as an inspector of agricultural food products. While with the depart- tail stores. With U. S. D. A. Specialist the maketio n for United theld rc dising campaigns for abundant foods, and supervised the distribution of market news information Stategoing tos newspaperepartmentand radio sta whemere e condt of Agriculture, forIeie,Speciai wi i the United tions in the Northeastern states. artementrof the Agriculture, After that he was a member of an advertising agency staff in New as copywriter for the agen cy's agricultural accounts. He is a member of the Presque Isle Maine, Kiwanis Club, a di rector of the New England Insti tute of Cooperatives, and a mem of the Information Committee of the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives. He is also a menr ber of the Chamber of Commerce of Presque Isle, which is the head quarters for the Maine potato growers' Association. In speaking of immediate plans Mr. Bryant asserted some changes are to be made which he thinks will better sales of the Ex change fruit. An important fea- RUSSELL . TRUFAN -* l NORTH CARVER, MASS. Bedford is onth Massachu-ND New ae bAcushnet, WlAms il 1907 tonNew Bedford, Bedford ase l wlist 1907t New ha the c a maion and though whaling has gone, New 19er0 toivw BdfinitofAEeare ta sahu-pStahetee as esDep Bedford is still a with busy port, a large fishing fleet and still a crapointberryiYork,of tourist attraction. None of these were reason for the move which is, as previous- ly announced, to have the main executive office of ACE nearer to the largest cranberry growing area, Plymouth, Bristol and Barn- stable counties. New Bedford i in Bristol, but within a few miles of Wareham, Carver or Middle- boro. New Bedford was picked over a town definitely with the cranberry area because it n offers better hotel, airplane and rail facilities. The location of the new offices is the top floor of the Stone build- ing at 5 South Sixth Street in the business center of the city. Floor space is about 1,600 square feet, or approximately that of the old quarters in New York, although there is not the extra storage space there was on lower West Broad- way. "We are pleased to be nearer the great bulk of the growers than we were in New York," says Har- old E. Bryant, recently named ex- ecutive vice-president and general manager. All the staff have found living quarters in or near New Bedford. Mr. Bryant and family are at "The Cedars," Crescent Beach, Mattapoisett; 'Clyde Mc- Grew, secertary; Miss Elizabeth McNally, advertising and publicity director; Miss Kathryn F. Pratt, treasurer; and "Bill" Kernochan, Si~x Lloyd R Williams traffic manager, all in New Bed- ford. Stanley Benson has resumed living in house the for-he cuped in Lakevillber ed sthe staff in New York. Adds New Man to Staff In mid-June the Exchange an- nounced that Lloyd R. Williams for the past three years advertising anager of the Maine Potato Growers had been added to the staff as merchandising manager of the Exchange. Williams will assume over-all di- rection of the organization's mer- chandising activity, together with publicity and membership rela tions.He will spend much of the next few months in coordinating Fall merchandising plans with the United Merchandising Institute. "The work of the Institute," Mr. e L Mr.CARVER 6-11 Bryant has said, "has been of in- terest to many shippers, but for the most part it has not been possible for them to participate directly. The Exchange, as a shipper, is bridging that gap by haying Mr. Williams, as well as Lester Haines of Chicago office, working with the Institute in laying groundwork for the Fall selling campaign." Williams is 35 and a native ofU Connecticut. He was graduated with a B. S. Degree in Agricultural CARVER 64ul CU LVERTS PREFABRICATED FLUM ES I PS ..... ....... ture will be more concentration upon merchandising, which is why Cranberry Bog MusKrats Under Mr. Williams and Haines were trained through UMI. Stdyn tate ot Massachsetts "We are going to review our representatives in terminal mar-state, are under study by Winston kets, that is, our brokers. We will (Information Educational Leader, Mas-Saville, wildlife research techni achusetts Division of Fisheries and cian of the Bureau of Wildlife Re- strive to make 'Eatmor' of more Game, Upton, Mass.) importance to the. trade, by estab-search and Management, part of lishing the best of possible rela-by Bryant R. Chaplin the Massachusetts Division of tions. We want to make them Everybody has problems of one Fisheries and Game. Saville is in- more conscious of 'Eatmor', do a sort or another, but few people vestigating the economic value of better selling job with all outlets, outside of cranberry growers have fur bearers to the people of Massa- wholesalers, jobbers and chains, problems like those caused by chusetts, and has found that the our but at the same time not neglect-principal fur bearing aquatic ma muskras worth is almost double ing consumer advertising. mal, the muskrat. that of his nearest competitor, Objective More Cranberries rat loves the mink, Mr. Muskrat loves the shallow Studies are also underway to de- Through Outlets water and handy bank-site homes "The real objective is, naturally, provided by standard growing termine the best possible dates for to concentrate upon the marketing practices in the bogs of Massachu-annual open seasons in order to angle to the end that more fresh setts and other states Being an make the most of the crop of rat cranberries will pass through the energetic rodent who burrows into furs and yet leave sufficient seed the outlets and into the hands of retaining walls and ditch banks, stock for future years. Saville is the consumers." he is the cause of considerable taking into account also the time Although Mr. Bryant has as yet effort on the part of growers who of the year at which muskrat pelts visited only a few of the Massa-must repair and control the dam-become prime and are therefore chusetts bogs or growers, as in-age he does. The muskrat may of the greatest value. dividuals he hopes to get out into not be in a class with insects and While the muskrat is under centhe field for close relationship be-diseases that also harass growers, sure by cranberry growers and untween the executives and the mem-but he's a pain in the pocketbook der study by the state's Division bers. He has appeared at several just the same. of Fisheries and Game, he is also meetings in Massachusetts already, The Pest Under Study the piece de resistance of the comand has made two trips each to Muskrats, along with other fur monwealth's fur trappers. Falling New Jersey and Wisconsin. He's bearing animals common to the prey to milady's' demand for fine beginning to feel better acquainted. The practice of cutting or topping shade trees will often kill the Y U can ha confidence in the tree or cause decay and weakening h I of the branches. Thinning the treetop by carefully removing an Cape Cod entire branch is a better method. Cranberry Cooperative '[ Inc. -A Farmer Owned-I In Farmer Operated Cooperative THE *0 Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries I/| 0 Aggressive sales planning and control National Farm Loan I Efficient and economical operations l ASSOCIATION 0o Simplified accounting -prompt payments OFBRIDGEWATER 0 P with agencies to correct Cooperating other present~OFBRIDGEW~AI^~ weaknesses of the cranberry industry. 2 Central Square-Tel. 5377 aI Bridgewater, Massachusetts I IMEMBERSHIP OPEN write or phone FEDERAL LAND BANK LOANS write or phone 41/2% Interest-Long I CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc. Term COD CCAPE Friendly service as close as | 17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. your telephone I Tel. Plymouth-1760 i Seven "s?. trapping heir bogsie te he muskrat. He may somwner reported recently that he i~!ibut in the miii.leased trapping rights to local men cooperatewith the Division waysof Fisheries found system e suc in finding and Game and the ton, to c l his n bcessful. In any event, ways and e must found to control aans be %4·z::I2600i muskrats and yet realize some thing from their value as a wildyond . life resource and producer of ex; an{'~s depensive eternal furs. ~~Must~Growers Being Contacted; ~i' i~~~~~~~~~~of : ~~Saville is planning to contact a avaiarepresentative group of cranberry ~'it ........... on these problems is ~growers and ii'~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~iand inviting their opinions as tothe best possible open season dates to adv a coincide with their operations on ~S~ 4th ~~ the bogs. A few growers already~S~~l~~Sie~i!~i~~ipor seem to feel that the fall ~~ji~~,~i~contacted of the year is best, as crops are in C~~a~~;~~~s~~s~: 1 ~by then, and that rats taken out then won't be free to dig holes during the winter. Saville's work on this study can be greatly facilitated by the cooperation of all growers whom he · cV~~~~~%I~~ ~contacts during the next few The muskrat. He may someday grace some woman's shoulder's, months. Growers who desire to but in the meantime he's having a gay time digging into dykes in add to the information are invited the cranberry bogs. Massachusetts growers have an opportunity to to write him at the Phillips Wild- cooperate with the Division of Fisheries and Game in finding ways life Laboratory, Upton, Mass. As to control his nuurdbers. many letters and personal contacts (Photo courtesy of worcester Museum of Natural History) as can be obtained will add to the furs in the latest fashion, some The latter plan obviously takes effectiveness of the study, which 2600 trappers go afield each year greater advantage of the musk-in the end is designed to benefit to reap a harvest of rat pelts that rat's value, although some own-landowners, growers and trappers amounted last year, for example, ers may prefer not to have strang-alike. to $187,511.80. The total economic value of muskrats cannot be computed, for HUBBARD FERTILIERS their monetary worth extends be-LZERS yond mere income to successful Fr trappers, into the realm of a vast fur industry, dedicated to wom-RA " RR E an's eternal desire for fur coats. Must be Controlled, 5-10-5 71-7-7 Yet Conserved INSECTICIDES -FUNGICIDES -AMMATE At the present time trapping is the only really effective method of control of muskrat damage SEE YO UBBAD DEALE available to cranberry interests, and it is the only one which takes or advantage of the rat's money D. L. HANNA, General Agent value. Trapping can be done by 20 Becker St., Riverside, R. . the grower anytime during the 20 Becker S, Riverside, R. . year, providing each kill is re-Telephone East Providence 1-2104M ported to the Division of Fisheries and Game, under laws which pro--B D O N tect landowners froir damage by THE ROGERS & HUBBARDCuMPIuu wild creatures, or it can be done PORTLAND, ONNECTICUT by licensed trappers during open season. ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Es~patalsein17 mutual cooperation, will surely re- REPORT OF MEETING OF DIRECTORS suit in a strengthened market and OF CRANBERRY GROWERS MUTUAL thefore better prices. WITH MASSACHUSETTS by Chester W. Robbins Secretary of Mutual The board of directors of the Cranberry Growers' Mutual, (the recently organized group of Massa- chusetts growers) met at Me- morial Town Hall, Wareham, the evening of June 21, with the prin- cipal distributors of the area in- vited to discuss in what way the Mutual could best cooperate with the distributors in successfully marketing the coming crop. Nearly the full board of directors was present including the secre- tary, and president Nahum B. Morse who presided. Representa- tives of all agencies invited at- tended, as follows: Harold E. Bry- ant, General Manager of Ameri- can Cranberry Exchange; Marcus L. Urann, President National Cranberry Association; Melville C. Beaton, Beaton Distributing Agen- cy; Orrin G. Colley, President Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative; William Decas of Decas Brothers; Peter A. Lesage, of Yarmouth and Plymouth; and Howard Morse of Morse Brothers, Attleboro. The keynote of the meeting was greater unity within the indus- try, and the fact that it lasted from, 8 to 11:30 p. m., attested to the interest and enthusiasm this new organization is creating among all branches of the industry in Massachusetts. The desirability of extending the MUTUAL to the cranberry areas of New Jersey, Wisconsin, and the west coast was favorably discussed. It was agreed that there is a definite need for an over-all aggressive campaign to promote cranberries in which all growers might directly partici- pate. It is believed this can best be brought about through a one hundred percent membership in the MUTUAL. Crop Allocation Allocation of the crop between fresh and processed fruit was de- bated, it being pointed out that not a sufficient percentage of the crop was controlled through the various agencies to permit the job SELLING AGENTS being done as it should be done. The control of the flow of berries to the different markets was touched on, but no definite plan for such control was suggested. The necessity for a good pack was again stressed as of vital im- portance in marketing problems. The desirability of establishing some sort of "clearing house" to which shippers could report cur- rent information and items of in- terest to other shippers of this area, was discussed. This is par- ticularly true of shipments which for various adjustnent such as re- screening, turning over to canners or a reduction of price. If in- formation on such items could be immediately relayed to all distrib- utors through such clearing house, it would often remove a charge of price cutting and aid in main- taining prices. No Decisions Reached No decisions were reached at this meeting. It was called pri- marilly to ascertain in what way the Mutual might assist the sell- ing of the crop to the very best advantage.rry Regional meetings are being scheduled for Barnstable and Ply- mouth Counties, to inform the growers o what has een doner, date and what is expected to be ac- complished to increase the mem- bership to the point where growers will acquire a voice in the pricing and marketing of their crop. Membershipngs. Membership cards are now avail- able and will be mailed out to all who have paid dues of $2 as voted at the last general meeting. All those wishing to join this pro- gressive growers' organization should not wait to be asked but should contact the secretary at Onset, or any one of the directors in your area. We take this opportunity of thanking the representatives of the various sales agencies who at- tended this meeting, and hope it will be one of several which, if car- ried forward on a high plane of SUBSEQUENT MEETINGS OF GROWERS MUTUAL The first open regional meeting of the Cranberry Growers' Association was scheduled to be held at Cotuit on the Cape on the evening Of July 17 at 7:30. All interested growers were invited to attend. The meeting was arranged by Charles N. Savery, secretary of the Upper Cape Cod Cranberry Club. The directors and officers of the Mutual were invited by Marcus L. Urann, president of NCA to meet with officials of that cooperative at the Chicken House, South Middleboro the week of July 9. There was a discussion of marketing problems. An invitation for a similar meeting has been received from Harold E. Bryant, general manager of ACE. This meeting is to be the week of the 16th. MASS. BLUEBERRY GROWERS' ASSOCIATION VISIT RHODE ISLAND The 7th annual meeting of the Southeastern Massachusetts Blue- Growers' Association was ity of Rhode and in Kgs Rhode Islan Thsursday afternoon, July 12. Head o t e e t o o ulture, wa host to the Massachusetts gowers and, following lunch a the ch cafeter conducted a tor o the oee blueberry plant- After the tour, Dr. Christo of his staff reported on the results of recent experimental studes in blueberry culture conducted at the college. President Charles Cherry of the Blueberry Association arranged that members and guests meet at the Middleboro traffic circle at the junction of routes No. 28 and No. 44 at 10:00 a.m. This meeting is being sponsored by the Southeastern Massachusetts Blueberry Growers' Association with the cooperation of the Plymouth County and IMassachusetts Extension Service. Ninp • Late Massachusetts Developments Developmentslll July Hot and Dry hasb a h an r mon. Ts at te Se month. Temperatures at the State Bog in the shelter reached 86 on three days, the 3rd, 7th and 8th. eparture nra the fro t Departure from normal up the 10th as recorded at Boston was 20 degrees plus. For the year 899 plus plu*~s.~to Rainfall as recorded at the State Bog through the 10th was but .29 inches. Departure from normal_ (Boston) was minus .53. De- parture for the year, however, (again Boston) was plus 3.85 inches. Dryness May Help Quality In commenting on these facts, Dr. Chester E. Cross of the East Wareham Station staff said: he didn't believe the hot July weather was having much effect upon the crop one way or another, except for the lightness of rain so far, added to the scantiness all told since June 1st, might have an effect upon the keeping qaulity, which tend to inerease the ccrop in size. so, it would tw•ditig Bbls.-Dr. Cross He looked for a crop "not so big that we can't sell it all. For a guess, I will estimate a Massachusetts production of about aver- Bogin thesayshelterreached86on (Dr. age, 550;000 barrels." Cross has proven about right be- fore.) The July heat was improving the prospects of a larger crop for next year. The sunshine factor up July first, for next year's har- vest was approximately dead nor- al, he added. APPLE CROP FORECAST AS A LARGE ONE A large apple crop was forecast as in prospect for New England by the New England Crop Report- ing service on June 19. Estimate is above average but a little less than the very large crops of the past two years. The Nation's '51 production was indicated as slight- ly above average but somewhat smaller than the 1950 production. Progress of country's crop aver- ages one to two weeks earlier than last year in most important areas, would be definitely favorable. This but close to average, Simple Logic \ C , Ocean Spray Now Making A New Dietetic Sauce Ocean Spray is now making a dietetic cranberry product new dietetic cranberry product that promises to be a welcome boon for consumers on sugar free and sto salt free diets, NCA announces. The berries is low to begin with, about half that of most fruits, and no sugar or salt is added to Dietetic Cranberries. Sucaryl Calciunr is used for sweetening, making the calcium content of the finished product 45 milligrams per 100 grams. The new sauce contains only 10 alories per 100 grams Dietetic Cranberries are packed in 12-oz. jars that show the bright, tempting color of the berries. Shipments have commenced and the new product wil soon be available to retail stores in all markets. The roots of a common weed, the oxeye, have yielded an insect-killing chemical that may be more powerful than pyrethrum and yet just as safe for humans. lo u are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine. Rates on application. y Tel. 27 Main St. Wareham, Mass. 'Ten Peurto Ricans (Continued from Page 5) development. Each grower will receive a quota and agree to pro- vide adequate facilities. A plan for such a center is being worked on, however Growers who will contract for the labor include Cape Cod Cran- berry Company (Urann), A. D. Makepeace Company, J. J. Beaton Company, and these will take most of the number. There is not much interest so far in the project among the smaller greis Massachusetts growers in years of emergency labor shortage in e past have utilized Jamaicans, Ba- hamians, Kentuckians, and one year some German prisoners of GOLDSWORTHY ACTIVE AT THREE LAKES WISCONSIN Since Vernon Goldsworthy re- signed as general manager of the Fruit Growers' Cooperative at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, he has been interested in a numbe of number personal ventures. He resigned as general manager of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company some years ago and later took the posi- tion at Sturgeon Bay. His own marsh at Three Lakes in the Northern part of Wisconsin now one of 75 acres and he is getting ready another 15. He also has interests in several other properties which require time. He is considering the start of a WISCONSIN GROWER PASSED AWAY Ambrose B. Coller, who was a long-time member of the Wiscon n Cranberry Sales Company, passed away at his home June 6, at the Wisconsin General Hospital at Madison. His home was at Friendship, near which his bog was located. Mr. Coller was born in Marquette County on September 6, 1885. For a time he operated a box factory at Neceda. He served in the Wisconsin State Legislature as Senator, 1939-1940, representing Adams, Juneau, Marquette and Monroe Counties. IIH 1_ .. -..... . —..—.....—..—'.........—..... CUT ANYWHERE . 1 l U WALK! *Steep slopes, fence rows, ditches, broad lawns, even under water Jari's rigid knife cuts a yard wide It's self-propelled . . you just guide it. Cuts up to 5 acres a day on 5 quarts of fuell NEW POWER SPRAY ATTACHMENT Ten gallon attachment bolts on in place of cutter. Sprays weed or bug killer. Hose and boom for trees and water paints. See it today. tH eI' Co* 1121 WASHINGTON STREET WESr EVWTON ~, .MAMS, west TON 6 MASS ,,,,--„_-,_,,--,, ,_-..—.-- .n.—..ii- Eleven ye~wan~r~smGemnpioes fcannery at Three Lakes, which war. WELL-LIGHTED YARD MAKES FOR SAFETY Floodlighting the yard and walks around the home or screenhouse makes for safety and security. This is made easier and cheaper by the self-contained reflector flood and projector spot lamps which will stand the weather. Special receptacles are available for these lamps. These have swiv- el joints to make it easy to focus and direct the lights. Recent development of a low wattage control system further reduces the installation cost be- cause wires servicing the lamps need not to be extended to the switching points, and small capac- ity wires interconnect the control switches. This means that any or all of the lights can be turned on from a number of different switch locations. MOST LAWNS NEED LIME Most lawns need lime. Without would process a wide variety of products. Wisconsin has a bumper crop of blueberries and he plans to make a number of selections this Summer when the fruit is ripe and then next Spring set out at least 40 acres from the se lections. He feels the native low bush has a lot of promise, if some one takes the interest to properly care for them. This would be one of the crops, besides cranberries, he would be interested in canning. He feels the high bush variety is distinctly "out" for Wisconsin. He has been doing considerable research work at Three Lakes with various petroleunr products for weed control in cranberries. He also has been supplying Searls Jumbo vines to a grower in Canada, George Holland of Tor- onto, and also vines for two grow- ers in Michigan. Concerning the production of cranberries in Wisconsin this year, Goldsworthy, who made some ac- Most lawns Withoutcurate estimates while with the need lime it, grass lacks the extra strength required to carry it through the summer. Ralph E. Engel, turf specialist at the College of Agriculture, Rutgers University, says that lime usually is needed at the rate of 50 to 75 pounds per 1,000 square feet, every two or three years. A soil test will tell for sure if a lawn needs lime. Early application of lime will give the most benefit to the lawn, Sales Company, says it is his per- sonal opinion Wisconsin will have the smallest crop in the past sev- eral years, perhaps 150-175,000 barrels. As July began he felt bloom was normal, but lots of vine growth which could mean a big crop for 1952. He is also encouraged about price possibilities this Fall, as are many others. Wisconsin growers he says are going in more strongly for fertiliz- ing than they did at one time, TThe , Mot'h»„ol Mother Goose To DBe I \A/iscon *is De In WiSCOnSin S Coming "Cranboree" "Mother Goose in Cranberry- landbeenhas adopted as th theme for the 1951 "Cranboree" parade Saturday, September 29, at Wisconsin Rapids. This was decided by the Rapids Chamber of Commerce which sponsored the affair for the first time last year. The parade chairman believed that the various nursery rhyme characters and situations would offer excellent possibilities for business firms to "tie-in" with their products or services, and that floats of this type would delight children especially. The parade is expected to draw up to 50,000 peo- ple this being based upon last year's initial event. Possibility of electing stands at strategic points along the parade route in the city is being discussed. Patronize Our .^ Advertisers CRANBERRIES The National Cranberry Magazine chamber group in charge decided to operate two souvenir stands during the "Cranboree" and authorized the purchase of 4,000 "Cranboree" buttons to be sold in connection with the queen contest. A supply of match-books bearing the official "Cranboree" emblem have been ordered and will be offered to taverns and res- taurants and other business out- lets at $15 per 1,000 to finance and advertise the event. There will also be an "official" song of the day. NCAberries On 1950 Berries National Cranberry Association will pay a third advance to mem- bers for cranberries delivered to the cooperative fro the 1950 crop, according to a recent vote of the Executive Committee. The first advance of $5.00 was paid last Fall when the berries —___ ____ __ __ __ _ _C were delivered and a second ad d a vance of $1.00 was paid in May. The third advance of $1.00 paid .^^ ^r~~^ ^about .^~ in June, brings the amount paidl '__________ _ A British scientist accidentally discovered that 2,4-D killed weeds while he was attempting to in- crease oat yields with the hormone. Your Ability to Produce Is Vital -It Concerns Us-Let Us I Tell You How We Can Help Preserve It! grewv^ A I r I DreCWve fr LorC INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. 6-080 Telephone: Hancock Telephone: Hancock 6-0830 so far up lo $7.00 a barrel. Further payment on the 1950 crop is expected in the Fall when the pool is closed. National's financial position on May 31, 1951, the close of the fiscal year, is the best in its history officials say. Sales to the civilian market made an increase of 1,00,000 cases over the fiscal year ending May 31, 1950. For fiscal year ending May 31, 1949, sales were 2.510,238; fiscal year ending May 31, 1951 totalled 5,143,504 equivalent cases to all markets. (Equivalent being used because dehydrated are included). This represented a gain of 31 percent in civilian sales while government business including school lunch, canned cranberry sauce sold to the military and dehydrated berries, brought the overall increase up to 58 percent. ational has been on a current basis since January, 1951, when the carry over from a series of M bumper crops was used up. Mar cus L. Urann, President of the cooperative, estimates that the pres- cranberries will just about take care of Ocean Spray take care of Ocean Spray ~demand until the 1951 crop is harvested. PENINSULA CRANBERRY CLUB MEETS A mid-June meeting of the Pen insula Cranberry Club (Long Beach, Washington) fixed the date for the Annual Cranberry Field Day as August 24. D. J. Crowley spoke on the dangers of frost as there had been some injury at Graylands. Charles Nelson, Coun ty Agent, reported that the use of 2, 4-D in certain mixtures has seemed to offer pronmise in com batting horsetail and also destroy ing young willows that spring up. A committee was named to make plans for a cranberry float for the Saddle Club parade on July 22. Dr. J. Harold Clarke showed color berry culture on Cranberry Farm. A luncheon was served by Mr. and // _Mrs. Guido Funcke and Mrs. Red_ lund. Twelve Vol. 16 No. 3 ISSUE OF JULY 1951 THIS YEAR HAD BETTER BE BETTER CRANBERRIES -WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS _-~______________ ~Subscription $3.00 per year WITH harvest time now only a matter of Advertising rates upon application a few weeks away, this climax of the year is being awaited with unusual interest. Editor and Publisher This is probably a more crucial year than CLARENCE J. HALL many. With the bugaboo of the surplus EDITH S. HALL-Associate Editor considered to be overcome, the courage of the growers, from its lowest ebb, has been rising. In all areas the producers seem to CORRESPONDENTSADVISORS anticipate a better "break" price-wise this year. There will be tremendous disappointment and undoubtedly very adverse effect Wisconsin upon the industry if this does not come c. D. HAMMOND, Jr. about. Fortunately there are many indi-Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin cations and omens for better results. Industrial activity is high throughout the country. Unemployment is low. For instance, figures for unemployment in the Washington-Oregon heart of the Massachusetts cranberry area J. D. CROWLEY are way down, insignificant compared to a Cranberry Specialist year ago. In this, witness the decision to Long Beach, Wash. hire imported labor again, for the first time ETHELM. KRANICK in a number of years. Bandon, Oregon Buying power of the consumer should not be an adverse factor, despite certain "softness" economists note here and there. The problem is to induce the public to buy Massacusetts cranberries in sufficient quantity to clean DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN the crop in Mass. State Station both fresh sales oDirector Cranberry Experiment up the crop in both fresh sales or for ordi-East Wareham, Mass. nary processing needs at prices which bring the necessary margin of profit to the grow-BERTRAM TOMLINSON ers. This effort the industry seems to be Barnstable County Agricultural Agent wholeheartedly making from the ground Barnstable, Mass. up. "Grower-level", so called, has become market conscious in the extreme. The distributors, perhaps, have become more New Jersey conscious of the necessity for increasing CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, emphasis upon "merchandising" the crop, New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station of extending sales to new areas and spread-Pemberton, New Jersey ing these out over the year in processed berries. Certainly this "grower-level" is watch-felt that executives of the two major coing closely to see what the distributing end ops and independent agencies would never of the industry will do with the 1951 pro-be induced to accept such an invitation. duction. The industry has "dug in" on What will come of this remains to be seen. market thinking this year. It would seem But there is the common meeting ground that all this concentration upon selling ef-that the big crops we are now producing fort must pay off. must be moved, to work on as a starting point. IT is interesting to note that the Cranberry Growers' Mutual at its meeting of its q0 Mother Goose is coming to the cranboard of directors at Wareham, did get the ' berry industry out in the Wisconsin major Massachusetts distributors to meet "Cranboree" of next fall. We trust there with it as guests and discuss marketing will be no other fantasy or make-believe plans and better promotion problems. Many for the growers at that time. Thirteen cranberry-land looks the biggest events in years. POLYPLOIDY Siwith like one of a number of IN big Republican rally Sunday, July 29, at which Senator Robert A. Taft is to be the principal speaker and which wil linclude a huge clambake at Edaville, South Car- i ver, Mass. At least 0,000 are ex- pected to be present at Plymouthto iii~iiiii.iiji:.iitr being mnde for provisions nearly 2,000 at the bake, which of the cranberry industry.sf ~:~:~~:~i2 *:~*:~:*~:* igi w5iS;iij i adi (Dr. Darrow iu principal Horticulturist of tho United. States Department of Agriculture at the famouam Beltsvilc, ]V[~y]and Plant Industries Station. The fMoylsnd Plat IndustriespStatiorn.mthe X.. ii:Emphasis of the addresses is to be a return to "Plymouth Rock lanscTaf Dr ir tris Holmrelatees thaman being put on by Nords aIntinwdeBChokupawll iDr. Darrow i principalcultHorti uristch F—aly whichoso isf next door to The PRor C 0 a at Carver. be a ngrsm to "Plymouth Rock return ROBERT':::APrinciples," aPilgrimred as muchtheofproas well- —a'nationwide NBC Accommodation Planned tiesSeatAccommodationsorP Henry a Lural with isreprint, in part, from the furtherookup, raspberry varieties which I Science, permission Dr. of as other portions of the program mout omgram e in that historictown, Darrow).is to Joseph W. M~artfn, Jr., minority leader in the House of Representa-o bon leader in the House of Reprhromosomes wlTaft will binebroadcast on the rpn i p of the Sety r . ea s with the meore from t Hri eta tpeenta-r commonTi TAFTP ROBERT A. TAFT .Plansiymouth-C addressi re be other speakers., at Plymouth Rock. Congre olson\ P Massachusetts wil W of Wareham, Ry .' will be other speakers. nCa o and acnr sec inath hisht- patterned after typical New Eng- ste -~ A~ ^ AUTOMATIC l m b ell, Cabot Lodthe Included in the program will bed cmrossed PlymOUt-JsarVper F N F.t ri I I _ Plymouth--Carver Plans Progress t moth. 2,0 For Nearly 2,000 at Eda- e ^C 1atir !0,000 Expected at Ply- Accommodatihons Planned t e stosmaned, parental stock. However, when parental stock. However, when thPesenator disease thanmany related varieties wait themrere Ie chromsse common chooarrl s l I 1 1then widely cultivated. Thisr Their aHenry hybrid |broad-and thick-leafed group hads. sbetween mon varieties of raspberry had he one with fo varietiesthe seedlings s produced somatic or vegetative cells; that made hao desirae of them latter types ever-present e relativelysterile In 1923,e chromosomes occur the --Carv more commoninseven (19) dfoun that the om- croostume, chste discovered that the stout-caned, Donal i Con .grem W i Firstacter Church ic First Pilgrimp ThisrwerGOP rallyin the heart For Nearly 2,000 Plans are progressing l ymT^ |ville -C a m b a k Plan a pr s mouth Rock Cover at Eda- for the hof ou l e, w^ith .Lngley descendents iD Colonialc yo ~xpA~..' ~he Pilgrim breakfaso . LEUTOMATIC — OWER ~Tfour DRIVEN wiasba d nt further found tha broad-and thick-leafed group had fr th church sets, or 28 chromosomes per TheWERe classed as polyploids forms T O r l n ta histor-rin are eethe Rk randt service ASCIPORTABLE cell, and that thae hybrids between MACHtkIE these and the comnbon varieties chromosomes chromosomes theury a quarter14in ofeach ago cell. Both of these latter types ra&Llt~Etfaper ande therefore wtr SrqthEI I ) I I diploids. Onare classed further examinationas polyploids--forms in which three or more basic sets of chromosomes occur in the ~~~~~somatic cells. The one with four sets is called a tetraplaid; that with three sets is classed as a tri- ThE PCJWER It Fourteem · LIGHT Aluminum-built. Weighs only 24 lbs. I/TY Rum 6 hours Pe, gallon.plaid. It was further found that ·. Compac, SMOOTH RUNNING IJXh..... Trouble-ffee os.cloin..... E---a si //. • O. E c , BALANCEDL. ,t ......... $im:le to handle |ALSO CRANBERRY PRUNING C.& L. E UIPMENIT ACUSHNET, the relative sterility of the tri plaid hybrids was a result of an | unbalancedsfactor in researchchromosomeon the fruits system. Thus, over a quarter century ago | aII. was forced to take polyploidy in- to account in breeding programs-and it has been an ever-present factor in research on the fruits | with which I have since worked. Having found such a condition in Langley made raspberry, (17) .iS~ MACHINES CO } F.LEONARD P. H. C. CRAN 191 LEONARD ST. Tel. RoAester MASS._Tel. New Bedford 89-,7 berry where similar problems had appeared. In that fruit the na- tive wild woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca var. americana) was found to be diploid; an open- woodland wild strawberry of cen- tral Europe (F moschata) was found to be heaxploid; while our common wild meadow strawberry (F. virginiana) and all cultivated garden strawberries were octa- ploid, with eight sets of chromo- somes. Longley (16) had previously surveyed the blackberries and found a polyploid series ranging from 2 to 12 sets of chromosomes. Ile also surveyed the blueberry group (18) for F. V. Coville and found three groups: diploid, tera- ploid, and hexaploid. Inthe raspberry the tetraploids have strong stocky canes with large thrifty leaves in comparison leaves in with the diploid. In the straw- berry, the hexaploid is sturdier thanhe diploid, and the octaploid thanthe diploid, and the octaploid stronger than thethan the In the hexaploid. yand hexa- blueberry, tetraploids adwould ploids of the same species-group m vig- are tean thewadlod In th ploidsaregenerally smewhat ore orous than the diploida orousrthanther di s Irnoften blackberry there are strong-growing species in each chromosome group, some of the diploids hav- ing about the same vigor as some of the 12-ploid group. But it is plainly evident that the 12-ploid blackberries bear a very different relationship to the diploid black- berries from that of the tetraploid raspberries or blueberries to their respective diploids. A true under- standing of the effect of poly- ploidy and the use of polyploid material in breeding in any group must be based on a knowledge of the relationship of the poly- ploids to the lower-chromosome species and forms in that group. The story of the evolution of the groups fronm which our small fruits have ben derived is shroud ed in the mist of the geological past. A botanical friend of mine, particularly interested in such things, informs me that each year evidence is being uncovered, in- dicating that flowering plants were present much longer ago than we have been suspecting. There is excellent evidence that, could we have walked about in the land a million years ago, we would have found many plants much as they are today. There would have been quite recognizable strawberries; various blackberries would have been present, among them the direct ancestors of our present western trailing sort. as well as the eastern forms; and the blue- berries already would have been sorted out into various lowbush and highbush kinds, There is little question that some of these strawberries, black berries of a million years ago were almost identical with some now living in our woodlands and meadows, and near moist seepages and streams; yet could we corn- pare those with the living we also would be able to detect another Inseries of changes. of theetrplois Some series of changes. Some of these changes have been very slow- °155 the gradual evolution which one expect a mhightthe ploid over long period might expect over a long perid of time. But had we been present and able throughout the period and able .to watch these changes, it also have been evident that evo- lution did not always proceed at a steady pace, for outside factors ste ady pace, for outside factors influence and accelerate the F WITH A PEE-EE WIH SPEE-DE C ANN C R A N B R R Y FILLING MACHINE LLIU I I * * development of new and different sorts. There is excellent evidence that, in the blackberries there has been a fairly recent and extremely rapid development of new forms- even within the last 200 years; the blueberries also have been evolving for a very long time, but certain types seem to have appeared only within the last century, and there is abundant evidence that newer forms are currently being evolved in the wild. The majority of these are polyploids. KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST WITH AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT PROVIDENCE, R. I. Hopkins 370 Aliens Avenue... 1-1300 BOSTON, MASS. Prospect 60 Foley Street..........6-8100 CHICAGO, ILL. Andover 230 N. Michigan...... 3-3050 NEW YORK CITY Murray Hill E. 44th Street. 2-6490 PHILADELPHIA. PA. Radcliff 2700 Roberts Ave. 5-3540 MILWAUKEE, WIS. Greenfield 1719 s. 83rd St. ......6-2630 LOS ANGELES, Calif. Madison LOS ANGELES, Calif. Madison 555 S. Flower St ....... 9-2179 PORTLAND, ORE. Broadway Ft. of S. W. Gibbs St. 0579 Service in 48 States AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS COMPANY wE THE SPEE-DEE FILLER IS SMOOTH & QUIET, LOW IN PRICE and UP KEEP TOO Fills 28 to 48 to more packages per minute. For information write SPEE-DEE FILLER A I AR TDIM PAUL L. KARSIROM 1816 W. 74th St. Chicago 36 Ill Also distributors of CMC Automatic Cartoner Fifteen Blueberry The development of the blue- berry occurred within the lifetime of most of those present. But the development of the blueberry as a fruit has occurred through millions of years, and polyploidy has play- ed a large part in the process. The cluster-fruited blueberries in which scientists are interested are most- ly eastern North American. There are about seven or eight diploid species, seven or eight tetraploid species, and three hexaploid species. It is particularly interest- ing to find both diploids and tetra- ploids of several of the same types of bluebm'ties still growing in the same areas Evolution in the wild Is Very active in this fruit today, just as it is in the blackberry. Several blueberry species.are im- portant in that their fruit is har- vested in the wild, but those that have been most important in the origin of cultivated varieties are the tetraploid highbush, mostly of the Atlantic Coastal region, the tetraploid lowbush of the North- east, and the hexaploid rabbiteye of southern Georgia and northern Florida. In the Southern States one an- cient species is the diploid Vaccin- ium tenellum, a low-bush drought- and heat-resistant form. In part from this species and also from a series of common ancestral species 1D^Av A MTT R\ KJYANI A the drought -and heat -resistant hexaploids V. amoenum and V ashei (the rabbiteye) have evolved --the rabbiteye with the most vig- orous and productive bush of all blueberries. The hexaploid V. amoenum is widely distributed in the southern States and may have evolved before the Ice Ages from the diploid V. tenellum. The hexa- ploid rabbiteye appears to be younger, seemingly having devel- oped, in part, only within the last 15,000 to 20,000 years, much of this development having taken place only within the last century. The majority of the plants of it found in western Florida grow in what were rice fields, which the rabbiteye blueberry invaded when the plantations were abandoned during the war between the states. We have found no tetraploid of the rabbiteye group. We there- fore crossed the diploid with the hexaploid and this past year have obtained a tetraploid, this has al- ready been used to cross with the highbush to obtain hybrids with the earliness of the highbush and the plant qualities of the rabbiteye. Though we have experimentally produced a new and, we hope, very useful species just this past year, it is hardly possible that nature has not already evolved this or closely similar species, for the A new Botanical hexaploid and diploid species are growing together in the South. As occurs so often, we have not sufficiently surveyed what nature has done for us, and, in this case, have found it easier to make what we want. Stanley Johnson surveyed the lowbush blueberry of Michigan to select the best individuals for crossing with the highbush. Among the selections was Michigan lowbush No. 1. It seems to be, however, what we had been searching for-a tetraploid hybrid involvin genes both of the very hardy light blue Canadian blueberry, Vaecinilum ytrilloides, and of the lowbush species. It is probable that an unreduced pollen grain of the diploid Canadian blueberry fertilized a normal egg of tetraploid lowbush to produce the Mich igan No. 1, or its ancestor. At y rate, in this selection, or in others yet to be discovered, we should find some of the desirable qualities of this Canadian blueberry species which we wish to utilize in breeding. Cranberry There are at present three recognized species of cranberry in the world; two are diploid and the third is tetraploid. As in the case of the blueberry, the diploid and tetraploid cranberries do not cross. The large acreages of cultivated varieties are now composed entirely of diploids, derived from the southern species. A more northerly and hardier species is tetraploid. To cross the commerical diploid varieties with the wild tetrploid, Derman and Bain proceeded as follows: they used colchicine to produce tetraploids of a majority of the cultivated varieties; these Do a Friend a Favor Tell him (or her) that every grower should be a subscriber of CRANBERRIES Magazine $0 pr y per year 11INSECTICIDE FOR CONTROL OF THE FRUITWORM RYANIA IS LOW IN COST 0 COMPATIBLE WITH DDT And Most Fungicides, No Burning of The Vines And Easy For The Operator To Use. 0 S.B.Penick & Company 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK 7, N. Y. Sixteen.00 Sixteen were then crossed with individuals 569. 1923. Jour. Agr. Res. 27: 737-748. of the more northerly wild tetra-4. -Chromosomes in Vac-1924. ploid. The induced tetraploids of cinium. Science 56: 567-568. 1927. 6. , and Darrow, G. M. ndcdteo h Geo the c--ltivated varieties have been Cytological studies in diploid and moth blackberries. Jour. Heredity crossed and selfed, and these are polyploid forms in raspberries. 39: 99-107. 1948. now in the field for fruiting tests. The results are most promising. As yet there has been no oppor tunity to cross the extremely hardy Ligh-arctic diploid species with JU LY is the month when the the southern, commercial diploid varieties. When this is done, the least effort is desirable. best of the resultant hybrids could then be changed into tetra ploids by the use of colchicine; fol- lowing this the material then could Let be hybridized with the best of the new tetraploids races now under going field:tests. The final se-Lighten your burden-in your ploid. .. 5. _ , and Darrow, M. Origin of the Logan and the Mam lections would probably be a series of new super-hardy cranberries. home, in your cranberry work. LITERATURE CITED 1. Camp, W. H., Fischer, H. E., and Derman, Haig. Chromosome numbers in Vaccinium and related groups. B 1l.Torrey Club 71: 498. d Bain, H. F. eri-Pymouth County Electric Co. 2. ~ ~,and Bain, H. F. Periclinal and total polyploidy in cranberries induced by colchicine. Pro. WAREHAM PLYMOUTH Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38: 400. 1941. Tel. 1300 3. Longley, A. E. Cytological Tel. 200Tel. 1300 studies in the genera rubus and crataegus. Amer. Nat. 57: 568-_. Ji THE CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE EQUIPPED WITH FACILITIES FOR SCREENING AND PACKAGING THE CROPS OF IT'S MEMBERS. THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY 9 Station Street Middleboro, Mass. TELEPHONE 200 orduringcranberries.k cases more th58 of Spray'swasOceansals record to civilian markets for the fiscal ~~~~~~~iThat TO SELL 4,267,979 CASES 3110 1949June 1,n1951 ~~~M~~~~~~~~~~May1, 1950 May 31, 1950ChickJune That was Ocean Spray's sales record to civilian markets for the fiscal in Cranberry Your membership Nationalat:overgain a year ago. prAssoci-on year justended-acases of1,020,376 Govern wation assuranceis your of a growing cranberryed. meHanson, Harwich, Mreassache Mabusinessachusetts brought the 12 month up to 1,885,220 equivale,Oregon cases or 58 % more cranberries. TOTAL SALES MayOnset31, 1949-JuneMay 1, 1950 31, 1950--NJune 1, 1951 EqSt.CivaaentJohns Chicase Barrel C ase Barrel Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent 296,207 3,258,284 467,591 5,143,504 Your membership in National Cranberry Association is your assurance of a growing cranberry market for your crops. NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION The Growers' Cooperative Branches at: Hanson, Massachusetts North Harwich, Massachusetts Coquille, Oregon Onset, Massachusetts Bordentown, New Jersey Markham, Washington St. Johns Canada North Chicago, Illinois Long Beach, Washington Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page PREVIOUS.................Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine June, 1951 NEXT..................Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine August, 1951 GO TO INDEX
Object Description
Title | Cranberries - The National Cranberry Magazine, 1951-07 |
Subject | Cranberries - The Magazine; |
Type | Text |
Format | image/pdf; |
Identifier | 5107CRAN.pdf |
Rights | 2008 Wetherby Cranberry Library; |
Submitting Institution | Wetherby Cranberry Library; |
Date Digitized | 2000-11-14 |
Coverage-Spatial | Cape Cod; New Jersey; Wisconsin; Oregon; Washington |
Coverage-Temporal | 1950-1959; |
Creator | Bob Taylor; Carolyn Gilmore; Carolyn Laban; Irving Demoranville; Phillip E. Marucci; Elizabeth G. Carpenter; I. V. Hall; Arthur Poole; Azmi Y. Shawa, Tod D. Planer; Dan Brockman; Joan E. Humphrey |
Date | 1951-07 |
Date Last Updated | 2008-11-10 |
Language | English |
Relation | Cranberries - The National Cranberry Magazine |
Description | The magazine entitled, “Cranberries – The National Cranberry Magazine,” describes grower information, regional news, and developments in the cranberry industry in the United States and Canada. |
Format-Medium | Magazine; |
Publisher | Clarence J. Hall |
Digitizer | Stosh Jonjak |
Description
Subject | Cranfest; Recipes |
Type | Image |
Format | Image/jpeg |
Rights | 2008 Wetherby Cranberry Library |
Submitting Institution | Wetherby Cranberry Library |
Date Digitized | 2008-07-22 |
Coverage-Spatial | Warrens, Wisconsin |
Creator | Cranfest; Warrens Cranberry Festival |
Date Last Updated | 2008-10-15 |
Language | English |
Relation | cranfest recipe brochures |
Description | For more photographs like this one, visit the Cranberry Library Photostream on Flickr at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cranberrylibrary/sets/ |
Format-Medium | brochure |
Publisher | Cranfest; Warrens Cranberry Festival |
Transcript | SERVING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY 42 NE : HoIALt. CRANBERRY MAGAZI ACEExecutivesnew New Bedfoid office Geneial Managei Bryant and Mi. Elizabeth C~Mc·aly in '1951::;:;:;:;: Cents JULY, 30;:;:;:;:·:·:i.:.:I:::::::::i:::::::::; (CRANBERRIES Photo ..... ........ :::::;;;::::·i2 ii~~ii~iiiijiiiiBX~~ s I~x:,wjc:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: · ·.·.r·.·.....:.I·:·:·:·:·:·:·::::·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·.......... .............:: :i:I I::,;;:::.···::: ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~':;Ii:::::::j:::.::::: A~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~iiiiiiii:~~iiiiiii 5:·:·:.:..:1::::::·:·::·:·::·:·::·:::::........·····..:::;::::;;;.·· ::::................i:::::::::j:::::::iii:::::: ......... CAPE ~ Elm~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::::: COD WASHINGTON~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... ~~1:: 5::::~:::::: NEWJERSEY ~ ~ ~ ii:~:::::::::::8888~~a VVISCONSIN -------F~~ii8:::::::::: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::~:::::::::IjI ORENGO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:..:::::5::::::::::: .w::::I:::.··:::# :::::I: ~ N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~i:::::~::::::·::::: WASH1146TO in new New Bedford office, General Manager Bryant ACE Executives and Mis· Elizabeth (CRANBERRIES Photo:Sl~ C. Mc ~ ~ ~ ~ :::'::::::::;;ally. JI MM HACKETT "CRANBERRIES" ADVERTISING Tel. Rockland 1864 Cranberry Growers No. Hanover, Mass. DIVIDENDS! Reasonable Rates · INTERNATIONAL Harvester on Request Always Especiallyand CONTINENTAL — Always Especially Red Seal Industrial Engines * LAWRENCE WELCOME Propellor Pumps * DEMING to Centrifugal Pumps Sa|te d2Sei ce | Robert W. Savary Visit and Ride CHRYLER -PLYMOUTH THE SALES and SERVICE EDAVILLE RAILROAD CONVEYER l 11 || | South Carver, Mass. Goodyear and Federal Tires VMATHEW S Mrs. Ellis D. Atwoodand I Repairs on all makes of cars and Genuine Parts and Accessories TRACK j Extensive Experience in Tel. Wareham 63-R At Sreenhouses Bgstiand ARLINGTON, 74 MASS. ALFRED PAPPI ______Box________WAREHAM, MASS. 626 Frost Insecticide Co. East Wareham, Mass. ELECTRICAL WORK 36 Tel. KEEPING AN EYE ON THE BALL Is important in baseball. The WISCONSIN CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY keeps it's eye on the "cranberry ball" at all times. We serve our members, and the industry by being constantly on the alert. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company (A Cooperative) WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN Morris April Bros. BRIGcS & STRATTON, Bridgeton -Tuckahoe CLINTON, WISCONSIN, New Jersey ap Vineyard LAWSON, and HERCUI.ES ___ Electric Company ENGINSS Expert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used Apples Cranberries Offices: Engine Driven Generators For .Emergency 7Peac (JtChatham Portb.1le and All Apiliations Peaches Falmouth __ F'—-~almouth |Power Mowers GROWERSAND | 'I'lyannis and T;'actors Serviced GROWERS Provincetown SIIIPPERS |Vin yard Haven Alan Painten Co. "rl~~~ .'"""I~~~~~~~~~~~ ~r rEstablished 1922 _________________________ Tel. 334 HANOVER, MASS. CRANBERRY - GROWERS Hall & Cole Choose and Use Middleborough Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Incorporated Dusters | Commission Merchants Trust Company and Jobbers Niagara Chemical'/0^~ M94-i Faneuil Hall Market 102 ~~~MIDDLEBORO BOSTON, MASS. Division I Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation APPLES AND CRANBERRIES Member of SPECIALTIES The Federal Deposit Middleport, New York The Fe l Insurance Corporation ____ ________Car Lot Receivers Wareham Savings Bank and The National Bank of Wareham Falmouth Branch Conveniently located for Cranberry men Welcome Savings Accounts Funds always available for sound loans Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent Complete Banking Service PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. .......... is not necessary. This is the time, and the ditch is the place, to see RE~a j|. r l l l ll lll how far a sprayer-full can be fiYass. nLrlolnlIerry^ rstretched-sometimes 400 ft. of Fi~eld Nfotes ditch can be sprayed with one fillrSta^ tifr1 ^and ^ing (thirty minutes). All weeds StationI l and Field Notes and cranberry new growth will be burned by it-best results in damp by J. RICHARD BEATTIE or hot and humid weather. Extension Cranberry Specialist A wet ditch full of grasses, rushes, and tussocks of sedges .......... ——_~~~~~~ . ~sometimes dries out during July The cranberry season is several conditions it is important that and August, at least to the point days advanced compared with last growers kill or burn off the weeds where no standing water remains on the surface. If such a ditch is year. Insect activity has been growing in the ditches with some treated with kerosene from a watabout normal. Joe Kelley and the form of weedkiller. The knapsack ering pot, frequently the roots as writer have yet to see a gypsy sprayer is a very useful tool in this well as the tops of the weeds are moth caterpillar in the areas treat-work, particularly if the nozzle till ani the ditch remains weeded during the last two years undler opening is enlarged to at least free until new seed germinates. the special aerial spray program. 1/1.6 of an inch in diameter. Then Once or twice a yea, growers .(...rOne or twice a year, growers Growers should check their bogs / lb. of sodium arsenite should be hould dra a hook or potato-digduring July for fruit worm, leaf-dissolved in a sprayer-full of water er completely around their bogshoppers, weevils, spittle insects, (3-/24 gals.) and sprayed rapidly, n the shore ditches to discover and and the second brood fireworms. and with good pressure on the pull out runners of the small A few suggestions for controlling ditch weeds, holding the nozzle low bramble, poison ivy Virginiathese pests are outlined as follows: to avoid spray drift onto cranberry creeper or morning glory which An accurate egg count is the key vines. Each sprayer-full should may be crossing the ditch from the to proper timing of sprays and cover 150-200 ft. of narrow ditch dusts for controlling shore to anchor its roots on the fruitworm. and should not take more than bog. Failure to stop these invad- Ryania is given first place in the twenty to twenty-five minutes to ers at an early stage can cause list of treatments for this partic-spray. Best results are attained ular insect (See the insect and when ditches dry, but thiswo. trouble n a yeare disease control chart). Leafhop-spray will kill to the water line The drainage of many Massapers are plentiful on many bogs where standing water remains in chusetts bogs has decreased during and should receive special atten-the ditch and much seed production the last three years both because tion. The new brood of weevils is stopped by even this sort of the ditches have not been cleaned and the adults of the spittle insect spraying during that time and because sum- will be found on bogs about mid-A f mertime drouth has forced many July or a few days earlier this m aene f a non-osonos growers to carry the water high year. DDT will control both of seems advisabe. To for irrigation. These factors are these pests. and onealf pounds of ammate is responsible for the increasing popu *^~~~ ', ^. and one-half pounds of ammate is lations f cut grass, rushes, and The control of ditch weeds is a needed for each knapsack sprayer-other "water weeds". If rains topic that has received relatively full of water. The same care mustrains little attention, but is an important iull of water. The same care must continue to be frequent, it seems be used to keep ammate off the advisable to drain the bogs as part of good bog management. cranberry vines that are wanted, much as possible by killing or Dr. C. E. Cross has kindly prepared and the sprayer must be washed burning the ditch weeds, even some very timely information on carefully with soapy water immed-greater drainage will be possile. this subject, which is as follows: iately after using ammate to pre- Notes on Ditch Weed Control vent excessive corrosion. One of the more neglected phases Occasionally, growers have part -INTERESTEDof cranberry bog management dur-of a drum of Stoddard Solvent left _ ing the last three depressing years at the bog and would like to use in buying or leasinghas been the cleaning of ditches. it to advantage in order that the Wisconsin CranberryThe actual digging out of silt, drum may be returned for the property. sand, and weeds is laborious and deposit charge. This material High it Se Jumbo High quality Searles Jumbo, costly, and few growers at present makes a good ditch weedkiller, McFarlin and Howes vines for can afford such care for their particularly when the weeds are sale. drainage and irrigation ditches. loosestrife, asters, brambles, or However, weed-choked ditches are rushes. The knapsack sprayer Vernon Goldsworthyoften responsible for the production nozzle opening should be a little 936 Memorial Drive and distribution of many trouble-less than 1/16 or an inch for spray-Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin some bog weeds, and under present Ing Stoddard, and heavy spraying _ Tw4o HAMMOND APPOINTED TO WIS. STATE BEEKEEPING ADVISORY COMMITTEE "Del" Hammond, of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, has been appointed to the Wisconsin State Beekeeping Advisory Com- mittee set up by the Department of Agriculture. The use of bees on Wisconsin marshes has in- creased tremendously and is con- sidered an important pollination factor. D. N. McDowell, director of the Wisconsin Department of Agricul- ture, Claire L. Jackson, chief, ad- ministration division. E. L. Cham- bers, State Entomologist and two others from the U. S. Department of Agriculture were visitors at Wisconsin Rapids last month. Miss Jean Nash, president, Sales Com- pany; Mr. Hammond, President Henry Duckart and Manager Leo Sorenson of the Mid-west Cran- berry Company took them on a tour of some of the area marshes. It was the first time that Mr. Mc- Dowell had been in the Wisconsin cranberry district. ——_ -— Eggs are an excellent source of protein. They contain the eight essential amino acids. More farm families produce and sell eggs and poultry than any other farm commodity. NEW STEVENS VARIETY PLANTED IN WISCONSIN The Stevens Variety, named after the late Dr. Neil E. Stevens is now being propagated at sev- eral locations in Wisconsin. For the past few years final work on this variety in Wisconsin, insofar as expenses are concerned, has been contributed to greatly by the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany with help to the Biron nursery, where this variety was propagated. Cuttings are now planted as fol- lows: Midwest has its vines at the Potter and Son marsh, the Sales Company at the Tony Jonjak marsh, Hayward, the Vernon Goldsworthy marsh at Three Lakes, the Gerald Brockman marsh at Vesper and the Biron Cranberry Company marsh. Cranberry Growers, Inc., also has plants as well as the 0. L. Hotz Cranberry Com- pany and the Fred Barber marsh. However, it is to be anticipated a number of years will elapse be- fore any appreciable amount of acreage will be planted to the Stevens. Yet, under the present planting schedule there are cut- tings in all areas of the state to see the different reactions to cli mate conditions. - CAMPERS!-Douse your camp- fire-KEEP OUR STATE GREEN. WESTERN PICERS Inc. 1172 Hemlock Avenue CooS Bay, Oregon At this point it is well to remember the basic theory and prin- That if friction is neglected he vines will be pulled up along the upper side of the teeth by the powered rubber covered vine roller to the point where they are at r nle o eare tangent tothe vine rollermounted below this point. The sickle is placed just behind the line so that any normal length vine will be pulled down through the teeth by the powered rubber roller before the sickle will cut the vine. For vines longer than normal the rubber lugs mounted on the conveyor belt engage the top ends of the v kle. F is ras the loe en o the conveyor is called a picking element. Since the friction on the teeth varies at different times of the harvest season and for different types of vines and for different Illll 111litilllllllllllll ~!~llt;H~IIIIltillrli~iir[ JIIiIH111BlIIIIil:llPEIIdegrees of dryness of the vines, the position of the vine roller may BE NEIGHBORLY have to be changed accordingly. bUfc UI"tl~~riKUKLY Do a fellow grower a good turn. Tear out this coupon, give it to him. Every cranberry grower should be a reader of CRANBERRIES magazine. * One Year $3.00 Six Mos. $1.50 ; Enclosed is ----for Subscription. PName ----————— — -""-—- Street address---................ Street add s |^.^ ~~ City or:*~ Town * -State ----------. CRANBERRIES Magazine | In general this distance will vary on both sides of 12-1/2" from the points of the teeth to the face of the vine rollers. In the vines that have been well trained and are not too heavy a 12 inch setting can be used. For pruning new heavy growth the first time, a 13 inch setting may be used with the forward conveyor roller just clearing the teeth. This setting has b fobeen found most useful in rehabili tating old, run-down bogs. | | -Western Pickers are still avail|^~~~~ able for this harvest season. 171 Main St. Wareham, Massachusetts able for this harvest season. l-I ll'"l lliiiim IIaIllll'[el11-* 1-11111* •l ltltlltIIIK lttM'll itt i lllIIIM:lllli 11HIIIII Tkre -ONAL CRANBERRY 114G4 ISSUE OF JULY 1951 -VOL. 16, NO. 3 Published monthly at The Couriel Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusette. Subscription, $8.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943. at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 8, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled byC. J.H MASSACHUSETTS it was said at the State Bog that meteorologist in charge of Wisl H —o the month had not deteriorated Frost Warning Service has av consin Bloom Heavy conditions any, as there was some been ill for some time and has been Tche bloom on bogs Is hieavy, coolness toward the end, and in forced to take a leave of absence. generally spaki This genallygenl ams is replacement is Athur . Wol speakingun his seenot Jun- to be true of both early an(d late favorable to quality as had the ford who has had ten years of ex- water. Every indication is that previous months. perience in Florida in fruit fore- there will be at least an average casting work. He arrived at the crop-and probably more. Insectrop-sNandproty B. Fruit Worm Clinics Rapids on June 10 and will be on Asnsecs o swe Fruit worm clinics were held the job for the remainder of the As June ended, insects were not July 5th at 7 p.m., season causing undue trouble. They were July 5th at 7 p. m., at the State in fact a little less troublesome Bog; on July 6 at 10 a. m., at the Mather had a rather unusual fact, a than n'ormal, if anything. How-Erwin Gorham Bog, Bryantville, celebration recently. Mr. and Mrs. ever, there was a great deal of and the same day at 2 p. m., at Brimshaw, Mr. and Mrs. B. R. late water and as the crop ma-the John Egger Bog, Lakeville. Mitchell and Mr. and Mrs. Sher and, as ma tures there could be more trouble Assistance on fruitworm and other rnan Baker, all celebrated their than is now anticipated. problems were given by members 50th wedding anniversaries. Mr. w N and Mr. ainfallBelow Nor tion staff. Mrs. Mitchell are long-time mem- Rainfal B l of Extension and Experiment Sta-and Mrs. Brimshaw and The rainfall for the month was The rainfallwasfor the bers of the Wisconsin Cranberry month but 1.38 inches as recorded at the State Bog at East .Wareham. This WISCONSIN Sales Company. is about half of normal. The hot-ASHIN test day of June was the 25th with Budding Below Normal WASHINGTON 89 degrees, the coolest was 42 on Insofar as the crop is concerned, Prospects Better Than 50 the 7th and the 12th. it still is too early to tell just what By end of June all bogs were in -—-~_ ^the situation will develop into. The full bloom. While it was too early KEEPING QUALITY budding was below normal, but the to rake any definite prediction, Dr. Franklin's final keeping growth and development about but in opinion of D. J. Crowley quality forecast came out in mid-normal as of the end of June. crop should be a little larger than June as follows: "The general June was a cool month, with last year, 33,000 bbls. There has keeping quality of cranberries this temperatures below normal. Rain-been some frost damage, it has Fall will be poor. If the rest of fall was about normal, water sup-developed and this was chiefly on June is cooler than normal, the plies for irrigation or a possible the night of May 28 when a rainy keeping quality will not be as poor frost were adequate. spell cleared up unexpectedly and as in some years. Present condi-Crop Affected several growers were caught naption suggest that those bogs The frost damage in the North-ping. The frost was spotty and which usually produce poor quality ern Areas on {May 9 and 10 was apparently all the alarms did not f'ruit should be treated with a serious. Winter injury is consider-work that night. fungicide immediately.' ably more damaging to the crop Fireworm At the end of June notice was than anticipated. This will affect Growers who failed to spray for sent out by Plymouth and Barn-the crop materially, the last few years are finding that stable County agents that "condi-Insect problem is not too bad, the fireworm is coming back and tions this year call for special at-but all growers are working on a are having to put on extra dosages tention to control of Fruit Rot. program for fruitworm. First to handle the pests. The second application of a fungi-sprays were put on some marshes With surpluses being disposed cide should be made toward the about June 25. of, growers feel more encouraged end of the blossoming period." Personals and that the crop of this year will With the ending of the month J. W. Milligan, formerly frost be sold at more reasonable prices. Four Annual Field Day Annual Field Day at the Long Beach Experiment Station has been set for August 24. Among other interesting features, grow- eis at that time will have an op- portunity to see some of the seed- ling crosses in production. Reports of other experiments at the Sta- tion will be given, Exceptionally Freak May Frost According to "The Cranberry Vine", the mimeographed publica- tion of County Extension Service, South Bend, prepared by Ralph E. Tidrick, County Agent, that was rather an unusual frost on the night of May 28. The mer- cury' dropped to as low as 26 on some bogs, but it was extremely freaky in its spottiness. To illus- trate, he tells of a grower at Gray- land. Sections of his bog were hard hit yet his frost alarm failed to go off. He had two of the alarms located in places that are normally cold spots for him. The temperatures in those spots never reached the danger point so he was not aroused to the danger. I ist suggested by Dr. Crowl It is suggested by Dr. Crowley thatis ita good idea for growers thatgo i dea for growersto sprinkle-irrigate bogs at least once a week, if water supplies pre- e a sw i w mit. Tidrick suggests that growers mi. growers who do not have sprinklers com- pare their crops this Fall with the crops of the growers who have. "It might show you how you have lost some of your profits." "Red" Leaf and Lecanium Scale Growers are urged to watch for Red leaf spots in heavy vine growth or where frost injury has destroyed the crop. Some Lecaniurn scales have been hatched at the Experiment Station in order to carry on tests for con- trol of the migatory scales. Parathion and Metacide have given good kills with nicotine sulfate also giving satisfactory control. Neighbors Being Hurt A few growers aren't spraying for fireworms, and they are being hurt, but what is equally important is that they are hurting their neighbors, as well. When the fire- worm millers appear to lay eggs for the second brood, the wind blows them around over two or three neighborinlg bogs on tie for thle auditors to complete their down-wind side. Of course these records. lay eggs, too, and the worms that Financial and sales reports will hatch make extra spray applica-be given by department heads and tions on the part of the innocent the district salesmen will be pres- neighbor. The bogs are so close in ent to outline the market situation many areas that only ditches in the various sales territories. separate one bog from another The new fresh cranberry packing man's property. "A neighbor who room will be open for inspection. fails to spray for insects or to All growers, whether members control weeds can be a headache or not, are welcome, as usual, the Assoociation announces. and the cause for a great deal of Assoociation announces. worry and expense" says "The Vine. Mass. Growers to "Cat Trails" Tidlick says he hears complaints Import Peurto about neighbors with cats on their . place. It seems the cats like to RiCO Labor make trails along the edges of A representative group of cranneighbors' bogs. berry growers, meeting recently Early Season at the A. D. Makepeace Company, Finally the growing season at with Francis J. Butler, chairman, end of June was about ten days and "Dick" Beattie, secretary of ahead of last year and the berries the cranberry labor committee, de- were expected to be all set before cided to import Puerto Ricans for the 4th of July. harvest labor to the number of 300. This is being done through A Meetg Massachusetts Employment offi- Annual Meeting Of cials. NatiaL l The 300, who are expected to be I IWeather ranberry trained agricultural labor, al- ExtremelyIs Jy y 17thh though of course not in cranberry picking, will arrive Sept. 1 to re- National Cranberry Association main for a period of 12 weeks. will hold its Annual Meeting at the They will come by air, 60 to a Hanson (Massachusetts) Plant on plane. At present, there is no July 17 at 10:00 a. m. The mid-arrangement for a central housing July date was set to allow (Continued on Page ) time (Continued on Page 11) I RII + FLEX-O-SEAL PORTABLE PIPE + RAINBIRD SPRINKLER HEADS + GORMAN RUPP PUMPING UNITS + SUCTION AND DISCHARGE FITTINGS Write for free descriptive literature on steel and aluminum pipe, sprinklers, and pumping units in all sizes. * * VEG-ACRE FARMS, IRRIGATION DIV. Forestdale, Cape Co-, Mass., Foestdale, Cape Mass., Tel. Osterville 719 -I Five 0. /^ r-L 'x' from the University of t10Economics American Cranberry Exchange Completes Its Move To New Bedford, Massachusetts Also Announces Appoint- ment of Merchandising Manager-Lloyda R. Wil- liams of Presque Isle, Me. in early June made the move from which city it has been located since ett fome orld famous wiar ing City" and now a leading tex- tile community. Manhattan, of course is on the Hudson River, mne i Connecticut in 1938. Following graduation he worked e fort Connectict Dpaton oef for the Connecticut Department of Agriculture as a narket reporter for fruits and vegetables, and as an inspector of agricultural food products. While with the depart- tail stores. With U. S. D. A. Specialist the maketio n for United theld rc dising campaigns for abundant foods, and supervised the distribution of market news information Stategoing tos newspaperepartmentand radio sta whemere e condt of Agriculture, forIeie,Speciai wi i the United tions in the Northeastern states. artementrof the Agriculture, After that he was a member of an advertising agency staff in New as copywriter for the agen cy's agricultural accounts. He is a member of the Presque Isle Maine, Kiwanis Club, a di rector of the New England Insti tute of Cooperatives, and a mem of the Information Committee of the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives. He is also a menr ber of the Chamber of Commerce of Presque Isle, which is the head quarters for the Maine potato growers' Association. In speaking of immediate plans Mr. Bryant asserted some changes are to be made which he thinks will better sales of the Ex change fruit. An important fea- RUSSELL . TRUFAN -* l NORTH CARVER, MASS. Bedford is onth Massachu-ND New ae bAcushnet, WlAms il 1907 tonNew Bedford, Bedford ase l wlist 1907t New ha the c a maion and though whaling has gone, New 19er0 toivw BdfinitofAEeare ta sahu-pStahetee as esDep Bedford is still a with busy port, a large fishing fleet and still a crapointberryiYork,of tourist attraction. None of these were reason for the move which is, as previous- ly announced, to have the main executive office of ACE nearer to the largest cranberry growing area, Plymouth, Bristol and Barn- stable counties. New Bedford i in Bristol, but within a few miles of Wareham, Carver or Middle- boro. New Bedford was picked over a town definitely with the cranberry area because it n offers better hotel, airplane and rail facilities. The location of the new offices is the top floor of the Stone build- ing at 5 South Sixth Street in the business center of the city. Floor space is about 1,600 square feet, or approximately that of the old quarters in New York, although there is not the extra storage space there was on lower West Broad- way. "We are pleased to be nearer the great bulk of the growers than we were in New York" says Har- old E. Bryant, recently named ex- ecutive vice-president and general manager. All the staff have found living quarters in or near New Bedford. Mr. Bryant and family are at "The Cedars" Crescent Beach, Mattapoisett; 'Clyde Mc- Grew, secertary; Miss Elizabeth McNally, advertising and publicity director; Miss Kathryn F. Pratt, treasurer; and "Bill" Kernochan, Si~x Lloyd R Williams traffic manager, all in New Bed- ford. Stanley Benson has resumed living in house the for-he cuped in Lakevillber ed sthe staff in New York. Adds New Man to Staff In mid-June the Exchange an- nounced that Lloyd R. Williams for the past three years advertising anager of the Maine Potato Growers had been added to the staff as merchandising manager of the Exchange. Williams will assume over-all di- rection of the organization's mer- chandising activity, together with publicity and membership rela tions.He will spend much of the next few months in coordinating Fall merchandising plans with the United Merchandising Institute. "The work of the Institute" Mr. e L Mr.CARVER 6-11 Bryant has said, "has been of in- terest to many shippers, but for the most part it has not been possible for them to participate directly. The Exchange, as a shipper, is bridging that gap by haying Mr. Williams, as well as Lester Haines of Chicago office, working with the Institute in laying groundwork for the Fall selling campaign." Williams is 35 and a native ofU Connecticut. He was graduated with a B. S. Degree in Agricultural CARVER 64ul CU LVERTS PREFABRICATED FLUM ES I PS ..... ....... ture will be more concentration upon merchandising, which is why Cranberry Bog MusKrats Under Mr. Williams and Haines were trained through UMI. Stdyn tate ot Massachsetts "We are going to review our representatives in terminal mar-state, are under study by Winston kets, that is, our brokers. We will (Information Educational Leader, Mas-Saville, wildlife research techni achusetts Division of Fisheries and cian of the Bureau of Wildlife Re- strive to make 'Eatmor' of more Game, Upton, Mass.) importance to the. trade, by estab-search and Management, part of lishing the best of possible rela-by Bryant R. Chaplin the Massachusetts Division of tions. We want to make them Everybody has problems of one Fisheries and Game. Saville is in- more conscious of 'Eatmor', do a sort or another, but few people vestigating the economic value of better selling job with all outlets, outside of cranberry growers have fur bearers to the people of Massa- wholesalers, jobbers and chains, problems like those caused by chusetts, and has found that the our but at the same time not neglect-principal fur bearing aquatic ma muskras worth is almost double ing consumer advertising. mal, the muskrat. that of his nearest competitor, Objective More Cranberries rat loves the mink, Mr. Muskrat loves the shallow Studies are also underway to de- Through Outlets water and handy bank-site homes "The real objective is, naturally, provided by standard growing termine the best possible dates for to concentrate upon the marketing practices in the bogs of Massachu-annual open seasons in order to angle to the end that more fresh setts and other states Being an make the most of the crop of rat cranberries will pass through the energetic rodent who burrows into furs and yet leave sufficient seed the outlets and into the hands of retaining walls and ditch banks, stock for future years. Saville is the consumers." he is the cause of considerable taking into account also the time Although Mr. Bryant has as yet effort on the part of growers who of the year at which muskrat pelts visited only a few of the Massa-must repair and control the dam-become prime and are therefore chusetts bogs or growers, as in-age he does. The muskrat may of the greatest value. dividuals he hopes to get out into not be in a class with insects and While the muskrat is under centhe field for close relationship be-diseases that also harass growers, sure by cranberry growers and untween the executives and the mem-but he's a pain in the pocketbook der study by the state's Division bers. He has appeared at several just the same. of Fisheries and Game, he is also meetings in Massachusetts already, The Pest Under Study the piece de resistance of the comand has made two trips each to Muskrats, along with other fur monwealth's fur trappers. Falling New Jersey and Wisconsin. He's bearing animals common to the prey to milady's' demand for fine beginning to feel better acquainted. The practice of cutting or topping shade trees will often kill the Y U can ha confidence in the tree or cause decay and weakening h I of the branches. Thinning the treetop by carefully removing an Cape Cod entire branch is a better method. Cranberry Cooperative '[ Inc. -A Farmer Owned-I In Farmer Operated Cooperative THE *0 Nationwide Distribution for Cape Cod Cranberries I/| 0 Aggressive sales planning and control National Farm Loan I Efficient and economical operations l ASSOCIATION 0o Simplified accounting -prompt payments OFBRIDGEWATER 0 P with agencies to correct Cooperating other present~OFBRIDGEW~AI^~ weaknesses of the cranberry industry. 2 Central Square-Tel. 5377 aI Bridgewater, Massachusetts I IMEMBERSHIP OPEN write or phone FEDERAL LAND BANK LOANS write or phone 41/2% Interest-Long I CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE, Inc. Term COD CCAPE Friendly service as close as | 17 Court Street, Plymouth, Mass. your telephone I Tel. Plymouth-1760 i Seven "s?. trapping heir bogsie te he muskrat. He may somwner reported recently that he i~!ibut in the miii.leased trapping rights to local men cooperatewith the Division waysof Fisheries found system e suc in finding and Game and the ton, to c l his n bcessful. In any event, ways and e must found to control aans be %4·z::I2600i muskrats and yet realize some thing from their value as a wildyond . life resource and producer of ex; an{'~s depensive eternal furs. ~~Must~Growers Being Contacted; ~i' i~~~~~~~~~~of : ~~Saville is planning to contact a avaiarepresentative group of cranberry ~'it ........... on these problems is ~growers and ii'~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~iand inviting their opinions as tothe best possible open season dates to adv a coincide with their operations on ~S~ 4th ~~ the bogs. A few growers already~S~~l~~Sie~i!~i~~ipor seem to feel that the fall ~~ji~~,~i~contacted of the year is best, as crops are in C~~a~~;~~~s~~s~: 1 ~by then, and that rats taken out then won't be free to dig holes during the winter. Saville's work on this study can be greatly facilitated by the cooperation of all growers whom he · cV~~~~~%I~~ ~contacts during the next few The muskrat. He may someday grace some woman's shoulder's, months. Growers who desire to but in the meantime he's having a gay time digging into dykes in add to the information are invited the cranberry bogs. Massachusetts growers have an opportunity to to write him at the Phillips Wild- cooperate with the Division of Fisheries and Game in finding ways life Laboratory, Upton, Mass. As to control his nuurdbers. many letters and personal contacts (Photo courtesy of worcester Museum of Natural History) as can be obtained will add to the furs in the latest fashion, some The latter plan obviously takes effectiveness of the study, which 2600 trappers go afield each year greater advantage of the musk-in the end is designed to benefit to reap a harvest of rat pelts that rat's value, although some own-landowners, growers and trappers amounted last year, for example, ers may prefer not to have strang-alike. to $187,511.80. The total economic value of muskrats cannot be computed, for HUBBARD FERTILIERS their monetary worth extends be-LZERS yond mere income to successful Fr trappers, into the realm of a vast fur industry, dedicated to wom-RA " RR E an's eternal desire for fur coats. Must be Controlled, 5-10-5 71-7-7 Yet Conserved INSECTICIDES -FUNGICIDES -AMMATE At the present time trapping is the only really effective method of control of muskrat damage SEE YO UBBAD DEALE available to cranberry interests, and it is the only one which takes or advantage of the rat's money D. L. HANNA, General Agent value. Trapping can be done by 20 Becker St., Riverside, R. . the grower anytime during the 20 Becker S, Riverside, R. . year, providing each kill is re-Telephone East Providence 1-2104M ported to the Division of Fisheries and Game, under laws which pro--B D O N tect landowners froir damage by THE ROGERS & HUBBARDCuMPIuu wild creatures, or it can be done PORTLAND, ONNECTICUT by licensed trappers during open season. ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Es~patalsein17 mutual cooperation, will surely re- REPORT OF MEETING OF DIRECTORS suit in a strengthened market and OF CRANBERRY GROWERS MUTUAL thefore better prices. WITH MASSACHUSETTS by Chester W. Robbins Secretary of Mutual The board of directors of the Cranberry Growers' Mutual, (the recently organized group of Massa- chusetts growers) met at Me- morial Town Hall, Wareham, the evening of June 21, with the prin- cipal distributors of the area in- vited to discuss in what way the Mutual could best cooperate with the distributors in successfully marketing the coming crop. Nearly the full board of directors was present including the secre- tary, and president Nahum B. Morse who presided. Representa- tives of all agencies invited at- tended, as follows: Harold E. Bry- ant, General Manager of Ameri- can Cranberry Exchange; Marcus L. Urann, President National Cranberry Association; Melville C. Beaton, Beaton Distributing Agen- cy; Orrin G. Colley, President Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative; William Decas of Decas Brothers; Peter A. Lesage, of Yarmouth and Plymouth; and Howard Morse of Morse Brothers, Attleboro. The keynote of the meeting was greater unity within the indus- try, and the fact that it lasted from, 8 to 11:30 p. m., attested to the interest and enthusiasm this new organization is creating among all branches of the industry in Massachusetts. The desirability of extending the MUTUAL to the cranberry areas of New Jersey, Wisconsin, and the west coast was favorably discussed. It was agreed that there is a definite need for an over-all aggressive campaign to promote cranberries in which all growers might directly partici- pate. It is believed this can best be brought about through a one hundred percent membership in the MUTUAL. Crop Allocation Allocation of the crop between fresh and processed fruit was de- bated, it being pointed out that not a sufficient percentage of the crop was controlled through the various agencies to permit the job SELLING AGENTS being done as it should be done. The control of the flow of berries to the different markets was touched on, but no definite plan for such control was suggested. The necessity for a good pack was again stressed as of vital im- portance in marketing problems. The desirability of establishing some sort of "clearing house" to which shippers could report cur- rent information and items of in- terest to other shippers of this area, was discussed. This is par- ticularly true of shipments which for various adjustnent such as re- screening, turning over to canners or a reduction of price. If in- formation on such items could be immediately relayed to all distrib- utors through such clearing house, it would often remove a charge of price cutting and aid in main- taining prices. No Decisions Reached No decisions were reached at this meeting. It was called pri- marilly to ascertain in what way the Mutual might assist the sell- ing of the crop to the very best advantage.rry Regional meetings are being scheduled for Barnstable and Ply- mouth Counties, to inform the growers o what has een doner, date and what is expected to be ac- complished to increase the mem- bership to the point where growers will acquire a voice in the pricing and marketing of their crop. Membershipngs. Membership cards are now avail- able and will be mailed out to all who have paid dues of $2 as voted at the last general meeting. All those wishing to join this pro- gressive growers' organization should not wait to be asked but should contact the secretary at Onset, or any one of the directors in your area. We take this opportunity of thanking the representatives of the various sales agencies who at- tended this meeting, and hope it will be one of several which, if car- ried forward on a high plane of SUBSEQUENT MEETINGS OF GROWERS MUTUAL The first open regional meeting of the Cranberry Growers' Association was scheduled to be held at Cotuit on the Cape on the evening Of July 17 at 7:30. All interested growers were invited to attend. The meeting was arranged by Charles N. Savery, secretary of the Upper Cape Cod Cranberry Club. The directors and officers of the Mutual were invited by Marcus L. Urann, president of NCA to meet with officials of that cooperative at the Chicken House, South Middleboro the week of July 9. There was a discussion of marketing problems. An invitation for a similar meeting has been received from Harold E. Bryant, general manager of ACE. This meeting is to be the week of the 16th. MASS. BLUEBERRY GROWERS' ASSOCIATION VISIT RHODE ISLAND The 7th annual meeting of the Southeastern Massachusetts Blue- Growers' Association was ity of Rhode and in Kgs Rhode Islan Thsursday afternoon, July 12. Head o t e e t o o ulture, wa host to the Massachusetts gowers and, following lunch a the ch cafeter conducted a tor o the oee blueberry plant- After the tour, Dr. Christo of his staff reported on the results of recent experimental studes in blueberry culture conducted at the college. President Charles Cherry of the Blueberry Association arranged that members and guests meet at the Middleboro traffic circle at the junction of routes No. 28 and No. 44 at 10:00 a.m. This meeting is being sponsored by the Southeastern Massachusetts Blueberry Growers' Association with the cooperation of the Plymouth County and IMassachusetts Extension Service. Ninp • Late Massachusetts Developments Developmentslll July Hot and Dry hasb a h an r mon. Ts at te Se month. Temperatures at the State Bog in the shelter reached 86 on three days, the 3rd, 7th and 8th. eparture nra the fro t Departure from normal up the 10th as recorded at Boston was 20 degrees plus. For the year 899 plus plu*~s.~to Rainfall as recorded at the State Bog through the 10th was but .29 inches. Departure from normal_ (Boston) was minus .53. De- parture for the year, however, (again Boston) was plus 3.85 inches. Dryness May Help Quality In commenting on these facts, Dr. Chester E. Cross of the East Wareham Station staff said: he didn't believe the hot July weather was having much effect upon the crop one way or another, except for the lightness of rain so far, added to the scantiness all told since June 1st, might have an effect upon the keeping qaulity, which tend to inerease the ccrop in size. so, it would tw•ditig Bbls.-Dr. Cross He looked for a crop "not so big that we can't sell it all. For a guess, I will estimate a Massachusetts production of about aver- Bogin thesayshelterreached86on (Dr. age, 550;000 barrels." Cross has proven about right be- fore.) The July heat was improving the prospects of a larger crop for next year. The sunshine factor up July first, for next year's har- vest was approximately dead nor- al, he added. APPLE CROP FORECAST AS A LARGE ONE A large apple crop was forecast as in prospect for New England by the New England Crop Report- ing service on June 19. Estimate is above average but a little less than the very large crops of the past two years. The Nation's '51 production was indicated as slight- ly above average but somewhat smaller than the 1950 production. Progress of country's crop aver- ages one to two weeks earlier than last year in most important areas, would be definitely favorable. This but close to average, Simple Logic \ C , Ocean Spray Now Making A New Dietetic Sauce Ocean Spray is now making a dietetic cranberry product new dietetic cranberry product that promises to be a welcome boon for consumers on sugar free and sto salt free diets, NCA announces. The berries is low to begin with, about half that of most fruits, and no sugar or salt is added to Dietetic Cranberries. Sucaryl Calciunr is used for sweetening, making the calcium content of the finished product 45 milligrams per 100 grams. The new sauce contains only 10 alories per 100 grams Dietetic Cranberries are packed in 12-oz. jars that show the bright, tempting color of the berries. Shipments have commenced and the new product wil soon be available to retail stores in all markets. The roots of a common weed, the oxeye, have yielded an insect-killing chemical that may be more powerful than pyrethrum and yet just as safe for humans. lo u are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine. Rates on application. y Tel. 27 Main St. Wareham, Mass. 'Ten Peurto Ricans (Continued from Page 5) development. Each grower will receive a quota and agree to pro- vide adequate facilities. A plan for such a center is being worked on, however Growers who will contract for the labor include Cape Cod Cran- berry Company (Urann), A. D. Makepeace Company, J. J. Beaton Company, and these will take most of the number. There is not much interest so far in the project among the smaller greis Massachusetts growers in years of emergency labor shortage in e past have utilized Jamaicans, Ba- hamians, Kentuckians, and one year some German prisoners of GOLDSWORTHY ACTIVE AT THREE LAKES WISCONSIN Since Vernon Goldsworthy re- signed as general manager of the Fruit Growers' Cooperative at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, he has been interested in a numbe of number personal ventures. He resigned as general manager of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company some years ago and later took the posi- tion at Sturgeon Bay. His own marsh at Three Lakes in the Northern part of Wisconsin now one of 75 acres and he is getting ready another 15. He also has interests in several other properties which require time. He is considering the start of a WISCONSIN GROWER PASSED AWAY Ambrose B. Coller, who was a long-time member of the Wiscon n Cranberry Sales Company, passed away at his home June 6, at the Wisconsin General Hospital at Madison. His home was at Friendship, near which his bog was located. Mr. Coller was born in Marquette County on September 6, 1885. For a time he operated a box factory at Neceda. He served in the Wisconsin State Legislature as Senator, 1939-1940, representing Adams, Juneau, Marquette and Monroe Counties. IIH 1_ .. -..... . —..—.....—..—'.........—..... CUT ANYWHERE . 1 l U WALK! *Steep slopes, fence rows, ditches, broad lawns, even under water Jari's rigid knife cuts a yard wide It's self-propelled . . you just guide it. Cuts up to 5 acres a day on 5 quarts of fuell NEW POWER SPRAY ATTACHMENT Ten gallon attachment bolts on in place of cutter. Sprays weed or bug killer. Hose and boom for trees and water paints. See it today. tH eI' Co* 1121 WASHINGTON STREET WESr EVWTON ~, .MAMS, west TON 6 MASS ,,,,--„_-,_,,--,, ,_-..—.-- .n.—..ii- Eleven ye~wan~r~smGemnpioes fcannery at Three Lakes, which war. WELL-LIGHTED YARD MAKES FOR SAFETY Floodlighting the yard and walks around the home or screenhouse makes for safety and security. This is made easier and cheaper by the self-contained reflector flood and projector spot lamps which will stand the weather. Special receptacles are available for these lamps. These have swiv- el joints to make it easy to focus and direct the lights. Recent development of a low wattage control system further reduces the installation cost be- cause wires servicing the lamps need not to be extended to the switching points, and small capac- ity wires interconnect the control switches. This means that any or all of the lights can be turned on from a number of different switch locations. MOST LAWNS NEED LIME Most lawns need lime. Without would process a wide variety of products. Wisconsin has a bumper crop of blueberries and he plans to make a number of selections this Summer when the fruit is ripe and then next Spring set out at least 40 acres from the se lections. He feels the native low bush has a lot of promise, if some one takes the interest to properly care for them. This would be one of the crops, besides cranberries, he would be interested in canning. He feels the high bush variety is distinctly "out" for Wisconsin. He has been doing considerable research work at Three Lakes with various petroleunr products for weed control in cranberries. He also has been supplying Searls Jumbo vines to a grower in Canada, George Holland of Tor- onto, and also vines for two grow- ers in Michigan. Concerning the production of cranberries in Wisconsin this year, Goldsworthy, who made some ac- Most lawns Withoutcurate estimates while with the need lime it, grass lacks the extra strength required to carry it through the summer. Ralph E. Engel, turf specialist at the College of Agriculture, Rutgers University, says that lime usually is needed at the rate of 50 to 75 pounds per 1,000 square feet, every two or three years. A soil test will tell for sure if a lawn needs lime. Early application of lime will give the most benefit to the lawn, Sales Company, says it is his per- sonal opinion Wisconsin will have the smallest crop in the past sev- eral years, perhaps 150-175,000 barrels. As July began he felt bloom was normal, but lots of vine growth which could mean a big crop for 1952. He is also encouraged about price possibilities this Fall, as are many others. Wisconsin growers he says are going in more strongly for fertiliz- ing than they did at one time, TThe , Mot'h»„ol Mother Goose To DBe I \A/iscon *is De In WiSCOnSin S Coming "Cranboree" "Mother Goose in Cranberry- landbeenhas adopted as th theme for the 1951 "Cranboree" parade Saturday, September 29, at Wisconsin Rapids. This was decided by the Rapids Chamber of Commerce which sponsored the affair for the first time last year. The parade chairman believed that the various nursery rhyme characters and situations would offer excellent possibilities for business firms to "tie-in" with their products or services, and that floats of this type would delight children especially. The parade is expected to draw up to 50,000 peo- ple this being based upon last year's initial event. Possibility of electing stands at strategic points along the parade route in the city is being discussed. Patronize Our .^ Advertisers CRANBERRIES The National Cranberry Magazine chamber group in charge decided to operate two souvenir stands during the "Cranboree" and authorized the purchase of 4,000 "Cranboree" buttons to be sold in connection with the queen contest. A supply of match-books bearing the official "Cranboree" emblem have been ordered and will be offered to taverns and res- taurants and other business out- lets at $15 per 1,000 to finance and advertise the event. There will also be an "official" song of the day. NCAberries On 1950 Berries National Cranberry Association will pay a third advance to mem- bers for cranberries delivered to the cooperative fro the 1950 crop, according to a recent vote of the Executive Committee. The first advance of $5.00 was paid last Fall when the berries —___ ____ __ __ __ _ _C were delivered and a second ad d a vance of $1.00 was paid in May. The third advance of $1.00 paid .^^ ^r~~^ ^about .^~ in June, brings the amount paidl '__________ _ A British scientist accidentally discovered that 2,4-D killed weeds while he was attempting to in- crease oat yields with the hormone. Your Ability to Produce Is Vital -It Concerns Us-Let Us I Tell You How We Can Help Preserve It! grewv^ A I r I DreCWve fr LorC INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. 6-080 Telephone: Hancock Telephone: Hancock 6-0830 so far up lo $7.00 a barrel. Further payment on the 1950 crop is expected in the Fall when the pool is closed. National's financial position on May 31, 1951, the close of the fiscal year, is the best in its history officials say. Sales to the civilian market made an increase of 1,00,000 cases over the fiscal year ending May 31, 1950. For fiscal year ending May 31, 1949, sales were 2.510,238; fiscal year ending May 31, 1951 totalled 5,143,504 equivalent cases to all markets. (Equivalent being used because dehydrated are included). This represented a gain of 31 percent in civilian sales while government business including school lunch, canned cranberry sauce sold to the military and dehydrated berries, brought the overall increase up to 58 percent. ational has been on a current basis since January, 1951, when the carry over from a series of M bumper crops was used up. Mar cus L. Urann, President of the cooperative, estimates that the pres- cranberries will just about take care of Ocean Spray take care of Ocean Spray ~demand until the 1951 crop is harvested. PENINSULA CRANBERRY CLUB MEETS A mid-June meeting of the Pen insula Cranberry Club (Long Beach, Washington) fixed the date for the Annual Cranberry Field Day as August 24. D. J. Crowley spoke on the dangers of frost as there had been some injury at Graylands. Charles Nelson, Coun ty Agent, reported that the use of 2, 4-D in certain mixtures has seemed to offer pronmise in com batting horsetail and also destroy ing young willows that spring up. A committee was named to make plans for a cranberry float for the Saddle Club parade on July 22. Dr. J. Harold Clarke showed color berry culture on Cranberry Farm. A luncheon was served by Mr. and // _Mrs. Guido Funcke and Mrs. Red_ lund. Twelve Vol. 16 No. 3 ISSUE OF JULY 1951 THIS YEAR HAD BETTER BE BETTER CRANBERRIES -WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS _-~______________ ~Subscription $3.00 per year WITH harvest time now only a matter of Advertising rates upon application a few weeks away, this climax of the year is being awaited with unusual interest. Editor and Publisher This is probably a more crucial year than CLARENCE J. HALL many. With the bugaboo of the surplus EDITH S. HALL-Associate Editor considered to be overcome, the courage of the growers, from its lowest ebb, has been rising. In all areas the producers seem to CORRESPONDENTSADVISORS anticipate a better "break" price-wise this year. There will be tremendous disappointment and undoubtedly very adverse effect Wisconsin upon the industry if this does not come c. D. HAMMOND, Jr. about. Fortunately there are many indi-Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin cations and omens for better results. Industrial activity is high throughout the country. Unemployment is low. For instance, figures for unemployment in the Washington-Oregon heart of the Massachusetts cranberry area J. D. CROWLEY are way down, insignificant compared to a Cranberry Specialist year ago. In this, witness the decision to Long Beach, Wash. hire imported labor again, for the first time ETHELM. KRANICK in a number of years. Bandon, Oregon Buying power of the consumer should not be an adverse factor, despite certain "softness" economists note here and there. The problem is to induce the public to buy Massacusetts cranberries in sufficient quantity to clean DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN the crop in Mass. State Station both fresh sales oDirector Cranberry Experiment up the crop in both fresh sales or for ordi-East Wareham, Mass. nary processing needs at prices which bring the necessary margin of profit to the grow-BERTRAM TOMLINSON ers. This effort the industry seems to be Barnstable County Agricultural Agent wholeheartedly making from the ground Barnstable, Mass. up. "Grower-level", so called, has become market conscious in the extreme. The distributors, perhaps, have become more New Jersey conscious of the necessity for increasing CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, emphasis upon "merchandising" the crop, New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station of extending sales to new areas and spread-Pemberton, New Jersey ing these out over the year in processed berries. Certainly this "grower-level" is watch-felt that executives of the two major coing closely to see what the distributing end ops and independent agencies would never of the industry will do with the 1951 pro-be induced to accept such an invitation. duction. The industry has "dug in" on What will come of this remains to be seen. market thinking this year. It would seem But there is the common meeting ground that all this concentration upon selling ef-that the big crops we are now producing fort must pay off. must be moved, to work on as a starting point. IT is interesting to note that the Cranberry Growers' Mutual at its meeting of its q0 Mother Goose is coming to the cranboard of directors at Wareham, did get the ' berry industry out in the Wisconsin major Massachusetts distributors to meet "Cranboree" of next fall. We trust there with it as guests and discuss marketing will be no other fantasy or make-believe plans and better promotion problems. Many for the growers at that time. Thirteen cranberry-land looks the biggest events in years. POLYPLOIDY Siwith like one of a number of IN big Republican rally Sunday, July 29, at which Senator Robert A. Taft is to be the principal speaker and which wil linclude a huge clambake at Edaville, South Car- i ver, Mass. At least 0,000 are ex- pected to be present at Plymouthto iii~iiiii.iiji:.iitr being mnde for provisions nearly 2,000 at the bake, which of the cranberry industry.sf ~:~:~~:~i2 *:~*:~:*~:* igi w5iS;iij i adi (Dr. Darrow iu principal Horticulturist of tho United. States Department of Agriculture at the famouam Beltsvilc, ]V[~y]and Plant Industries Station. The fMoylsnd Plat IndustriespStatiorn.mthe X.. ii:Emphasis of the addresses is to be a return to "Plymouth Rock lanscTaf Dr ir tris Holmrelatees thaman being put on by Nords aIntinwdeBChokupawll iDr. Darrow i principalcultHorti uristch F—aly whichoso isf next door to The PRor C 0 a at Carver. be a ngrsm to "Plymouth Rock return ROBERT':::APrinciples" aPilgrimred as muchtheofproas well- —a'nationwide NBC Accommodation Planned tiesSeatAccommodationsorP Henry a Lural with isreprint, in part, from the furtherookup, raspberry varieties which I Science, permission Dr. of as other portions of the program mout omgram e in that historictown, Darrow).is to Joseph W. M~artfn, Jr., minority leader in the House of Representa-o bon leader in the House of Reprhromosomes wlTaft will binebroadcast on the rpn i p of the Sety r . ea s with the meore from t Hri eta tpeenta-r commonTi TAFTP ROBERT A. TAFT .Plansiymouth-C addressi re be other speakers., at Plymouth Rock. Congre olson\ P Massachusetts wil W of Wareham, Ry .' will be other speakers. nCa o and acnr sec inath hisht- patterned after typical New Eng- ste -~ A~ ^ AUTOMATIC l m b ell, Cabot Lodthe Included in the program will bed cmrossed PlymOUt-JsarVper F N F.t ri I I _ Plymouth--Carver Plans Progress t moth. 2,0 For Nearly 2,000 at Eda- e ^C 1atir !0,000 Expected at Ply- Accommodatihons Planned t e stosmaned, parental stock. However, when parental stock. However, when thPesenator disease thanmany related varieties wait themrere Ie chromsse common chooarrl s l I 1 1then widely cultivated. Thisr Their aHenry hybrid |broad-and thick-leafed group hads. sbetween mon varieties of raspberry had he one with fo varietiesthe seedlings s produced somatic or vegetative cells; that made hao desirae of them latter types ever-present e relativelysterile In 1923,e chromosomes occur the --Carv more commoninseven (19) dfoun that the om- croostume, chste discovered that the stout-caned, Donal i Con .grem W i Firstacter Church ic First Pilgrimp ThisrwerGOP rallyin the heart For Nearly 2,000 Plans are progressing l ymT^ |ville -C a m b a k Plan a pr s mouth Rock Cover at Eda- for the hof ou l e, w^ith .Lngley descendents iD Colonialc yo ~xpA~..' ~he Pilgrim breakfaso . LEUTOMATIC — OWER ~Tfour DRIVEN wiasba d nt further found tha broad-and thick-leafed group had fr th church sets, or 28 chromosomes per TheWERe classed as polyploids forms T O r l n ta histor-rin are eethe Rk randt service ASCIPORTABLE cell, and that thae hybrids between MACHtkIE these and the comnbon varieties chromosomes chromosomes theury a quarter14in ofeach ago cell. Both of these latter types ra&Llt~Etfaper ande therefore wtr SrqthEI I ) I I diploids. Onare classed further examinationas polyploids--forms in which three or more basic sets of chromosomes occur in the ~~~~~somatic cells. The one with four sets is called a tetraplaid; that with three sets is classed as a tri- ThE PCJWER It Fourteem · LIGHT Aluminum-built. Weighs only 24 lbs. I/TY Rum 6 hours Pe, gallon.plaid. It was further found that ·. Compac, SMOOTH RUNNING IJXh..... Trouble-ffee os.cloin..... E---a si //. • O. E c , BALANCEDL. ,t ......... $im:le to handle |ALSO CRANBERRY PRUNING C.& L. E UIPMENIT ACUSHNET, the relative sterility of the tri plaid hybrids was a result of an | unbalancedsfactor in researchchromosomeon the fruits system. Thus, over a quarter century ago | aII. was forced to take polyploidy in- to account in breeding programs-and it has been an ever-present factor in research on the fruits | with which I have since worked. Having found such a condition in Langley made raspberry, (17) .iS~ MACHINES CO } F.LEONARD P. H. C. CRAN 191 LEONARD ST. Tel. RoAester MASS._Tel. New Bedford 89-,7 berry where similar problems had appeared. In that fruit the na- tive wild woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca var. americana) was found to be diploid; an open- woodland wild strawberry of cen- tral Europe (F moschata) was found to be heaxploid; while our common wild meadow strawberry (F. virginiana) and all cultivated garden strawberries were octa- ploid, with eight sets of chromo- somes. Longley (16) had previously surveyed the blackberries and found a polyploid series ranging from 2 to 12 sets of chromosomes. Ile also surveyed the blueberry group (18) for F. V. Coville and found three groups: diploid, tera- ploid, and hexaploid. Inthe raspberry the tetraploids have strong stocky canes with large thrifty leaves in comparison leaves in with the diploid. In the straw- berry, the hexaploid is sturdier thanhe diploid, and the octaploid thanthe diploid, and the octaploid stronger than thethan the In the hexaploid. yand hexa- blueberry, tetraploids adwould ploids of the same species-group m vig- are tean thewadlod In th ploidsaregenerally smewhat ore orous than the diploida orousrthanther di s Irnoften blackberry there are strong-growing species in each chromosome group, some of the diploids hav- ing about the same vigor as some of the 12-ploid group. But it is plainly evident that the 12-ploid blackberries bear a very different relationship to the diploid black- berries from that of the tetraploid raspberries or blueberries to their respective diploids. A true under- standing of the effect of poly- ploidy and the use of polyploid material in breeding in any group must be based on a knowledge of the relationship of the poly- ploids to the lower-chromosome species and forms in that group. The story of the evolution of the groups fronm which our small fruits have ben derived is shroud ed in the mist of the geological past. A botanical friend of mine, particularly interested in such things, informs me that each year evidence is being uncovered, in- dicating that flowering plants were present much longer ago than we have been suspecting. There is excellent evidence that, could we have walked about in the land a million years ago, we would have found many plants much as they are today. There would have been quite recognizable strawberries; various blackberries would have been present, among them the direct ancestors of our present western trailing sort. as well as the eastern forms; and the blue- berries already would have been sorted out into various lowbush and highbush kinds, There is little question that some of these strawberries, black berries of a million years ago were almost identical with some now living in our woodlands and meadows, and near moist seepages and streams; yet could we corn- pare those with the living we also would be able to detect another Inseries of changes. of theetrplois Some series of changes. Some of these changes have been very slow- °155 the gradual evolution which one expect a mhightthe ploid over long period might expect over a long perid of time. But had we been present and able throughout the period and able .to watch these changes, it also have been evident that evo- lution did not always proceed at a steady pace, for outside factors ste ady pace, for outside factors influence and accelerate the F WITH A PEE-EE WIH SPEE-DE C ANN C R A N B R R Y FILLING MACHINE LLIU I I * * development of new and different sorts. There is excellent evidence that, in the blackberries there has been a fairly recent and extremely rapid development of new forms- even within the last 200 years; the blueberries also have been evolving for a very long time, but certain types seem to have appeared only within the last century, and there is abundant evidence that newer forms are currently being evolved in the wild. The majority of these are polyploids. KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST WITH AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT PROVIDENCE, R. I. Hopkins 370 Aliens Avenue... 1-1300 BOSTON, MASS. Prospect 60 Foley Street..........6-8100 CHICAGO, ILL. Andover 230 N. Michigan...... 3-3050 NEW YORK CITY Murray Hill E. 44th Street. 2-6490 PHILADELPHIA. PA. Radcliff 2700 Roberts Ave. 5-3540 MILWAUKEE, WIS. Greenfield 1719 s. 83rd St. ......6-2630 LOS ANGELES, Calif. Madison LOS ANGELES, Calif. Madison 555 S. Flower St ....... 9-2179 PORTLAND, ORE. Broadway Ft. of S. W. Gibbs St. 0579 Service in 48 States AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS COMPANY wE THE SPEE-DEE FILLER IS SMOOTH & QUIET, LOW IN PRICE and UP KEEP TOO Fills 28 to 48 to more packages per minute. For information write SPEE-DEE FILLER A I AR TDIM PAUL L. KARSIROM 1816 W. 74th St. Chicago 36 Ill Also distributors of CMC Automatic Cartoner Fifteen Blueberry The development of the blue- berry occurred within the lifetime of most of those present. But the development of the blueberry as a fruit has occurred through millions of years, and polyploidy has play- ed a large part in the process. The cluster-fruited blueberries in which scientists are interested are most- ly eastern North American. There are about seven or eight diploid species, seven or eight tetraploid species, and three hexaploid species. It is particularly interest- ing to find both diploids and tetra- ploids of several of the same types of bluebm'ties still growing in the same areas Evolution in the wild Is Very active in this fruit today, just as it is in the blackberry. Several blueberry species.are im- portant in that their fruit is har- vested in the wild, but those that have been most important in the origin of cultivated varieties are the tetraploid highbush, mostly of the Atlantic Coastal region, the tetraploid lowbush of the North- east, and the hexaploid rabbiteye of southern Georgia and northern Florida. In the Southern States one an- cient species is the diploid Vaccin- ium tenellum, a low-bush drought- and heat-resistant form. In part from this species and also from a series of common ancestral species 1D^Av A MTT R\ KJYANI A the drought -and heat -resistant hexaploids V. amoenum and V ashei (the rabbiteye) have evolved --the rabbiteye with the most vig- orous and productive bush of all blueberries. The hexaploid V. amoenum is widely distributed in the southern States and may have evolved before the Ice Ages from the diploid V. tenellum. The hexa- ploid rabbiteye appears to be younger, seemingly having devel- oped, in part, only within the last 15,000 to 20,000 years, much of this development having taken place only within the last century. The majority of the plants of it found in western Florida grow in what were rice fields, which the rabbiteye blueberry invaded when the plantations were abandoned during the war between the states. We have found no tetraploid of the rabbiteye group. We there- fore crossed the diploid with the hexaploid and this past year have obtained a tetraploid, this has al- ready been used to cross with the highbush to obtain hybrids with the earliness of the highbush and the plant qualities of the rabbiteye. Though we have experimentally produced a new and, we hope, very useful species just this past year, it is hardly possible that nature has not already evolved this or closely similar species, for the A new Botanical hexaploid and diploid species are growing together in the South. As occurs so often, we have not sufficiently surveyed what nature has done for us, and, in this case, have found it easier to make what we want. Stanley Johnson surveyed the lowbush blueberry of Michigan to select the best individuals for crossing with the highbush. Among the selections was Michigan lowbush No. 1. It seems to be, however, what we had been searching for-a tetraploid hybrid involvin genes both of the very hardy light blue Canadian blueberry, Vaecinilum ytrilloides, and of the lowbush species. It is probable that an unreduced pollen grain of the diploid Canadian blueberry fertilized a normal egg of tetraploid lowbush to produce the Mich igan No. 1, or its ancestor. At y rate, in this selection, or in others yet to be discovered, we should find some of the desirable qualities of this Canadian blueberry species which we wish to utilize in breeding. Cranberry There are at present three recognized species of cranberry in the world; two are diploid and the third is tetraploid. As in the case of the blueberry, the diploid and tetraploid cranberries do not cross. The large acreages of cultivated varieties are now composed entirely of diploids, derived from the southern species. A more northerly and hardier species is tetraploid. To cross the commerical diploid varieties with the wild tetrploid, Derman and Bain proceeded as follows: they used colchicine to produce tetraploids of a majority of the cultivated varieties; these Do a Friend a Favor Tell him (or her) that every grower should be a subscriber of CRANBERRIES Magazine $0 pr y per year 11INSECTICIDE FOR CONTROL OF THE FRUITWORM RYANIA IS LOW IN COST 0 COMPATIBLE WITH DDT And Most Fungicides, No Burning of The Vines And Easy For The Operator To Use. 0 S.B.Penick & Company 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK 7, N. Y. Sixteen.00 Sixteen were then crossed with individuals 569. 1923. Jour. Agr. Res. 27: 737-748. of the more northerly wild tetra-4. -Chromosomes in Vac-1924. ploid. The induced tetraploids of cinium. Science 56: 567-568. 1927. 6. , and Darrow, G. M. ndcdteo h Geo the c--ltivated varieties have been Cytological studies in diploid and moth blackberries. Jour. Heredity crossed and selfed, and these are polyploid forms in raspberries. 39: 99-107. 1948. now in the field for fruiting tests. The results are most promising. As yet there has been no oppor tunity to cross the extremely hardy Ligh-arctic diploid species with JU LY is the month when the the southern, commercial diploid varieties. When this is done, the least effort is desirable. best of the resultant hybrids could then be changed into tetra ploids by the use of colchicine; fol- lowing this the material then could Let be hybridized with the best of the new tetraploids races now under going field:tests. The final se-Lighten your burden-in your ploid. .. 5. _ , and Darrow, M. Origin of the Logan and the Mam lections would probably be a series of new super-hardy cranberries. home, in your cranberry work. LITERATURE CITED 1. Camp, W. H., Fischer, H. E., and Derman, Haig. Chromosome numbers in Vaccinium and related groups. B 1l.Torrey Club 71: 498. d Bain, H. F. eri-Pymouth County Electric Co. 2. ~ ~,and Bain, H. F. Periclinal and total polyploidy in cranberries induced by colchicine. Pro. WAREHAM PLYMOUTH Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38: 400. 1941. Tel. 1300 3. Longley, A. E. Cytological Tel. 200Tel. 1300 studies in the genera rubus and crataegus. Amer. Nat. 57: 568-_. Ji THE CRANBERRY COOPERATIVE EQUIPPED WITH FACILITIES FOR SCREENING AND PACKAGING THE CROPS OF IT'S MEMBERS. THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY 9 Station Street Middleboro, Mass. TELEPHONE 200 orduringcranberries.k cases more th58 of Spray'swasOceansals record to civilian markets for the fiscal ~~~~~~~iThat TO SELL 4,267,979 CASES 3110 1949June 1,n1951 ~~~M~~~~~~~~~~May1, 1950 May 31, 1950ChickJune That was Ocean Spray's sales record to civilian markets for the fiscal in Cranberry Your membership Nationalat:overgain a year ago. prAssoci-on year justended-acases of1,020,376 Govern wation assuranceis your of a growing cranberryed. meHanson, Harwich, Mreassache Mabusinessachusetts brought the 12 month up to 1,885,220 equivale,Oregon cases or 58 % more cranberries. TOTAL SALES MayOnset31, 1949-JuneMay 1, 1950 31, 1950--NJune 1, 1951 EqSt.CivaaentJohns Chicase Barrel C ase Barrel Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent 296,207 3,258,284 467,591 5,143,504 Your membership in National Cranberry Association is your assurance of a growing cranberry market for your crops. NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION The Growers' Cooperative Branches at: Hanson, Massachusetts North Harwich, Massachusetts Coquille, Oregon Onset, Massachusetts Bordentown, New Jersey Markham, Washington St. Johns Canada North Chicago, Illinois Long Beach, Washington Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page PREVIOUS.................Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine June, 1951 NEXT..................Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine August, 1951 GO TO INDEX |
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