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SERVING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY :H^-"t^, CRANBERRYKAGA ::x^ri::::::::i:~:::I:-·:,:j:·j::ji:: j:::::::r::::::·::·:-:;:;::::::::: fc :~:::::::::::::::l:: ^fl^^^^H^^s: ·W m::i:-:-:·:·::::::::::::::::::::::::: i: a ri·:·^r, *di~ii:.~i:::~:#:ilk~ ................ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::: ............ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ............~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :iii~~:8888:i1:IIII~~~ ........ .... ......R ....... .............. .. ~i::~~ii::::ii:i::::::: . :::::::::. . ...... :r~~ii~~~i:::3~iii~~i:...... ....~~~iii~jiP ·.. ........ ...........i.~ ... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W:::~:::;~':::::::::::................. ...ii~~i;~l ............ ............~iiii~i(CRANBERRIES ......Cents :,i...... ..... November. Phot( ~~:3~~~~:isi:~~~~~~~:i~~~~i~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .............. :::::r. ......... '*^f /i~~~~~ilii~~~liiiiiiiiiiiii~~~~~~i^^^hi~~~iii~~imim^^^^l^Bhi~iiiiifflffliiihlli —. CA P COD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ilili JERSEY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'::::::: NEW ~~ 8#8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ xo: ~ ~ ........ R::::::::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~....... .~ .oes ~e.... A. Gen Wiscnsins.Miwes D ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ........ ........ ........ ......... CN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"~:i::i::::::::::::::::::: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ VVISOS1W ----------~ ~ ~ ~ ........... ............. ....... ......... :::::i:::::::::iX~~~~j~~ii:::::::::::::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ O R EGONO ................... ·5 ::::::::'::'::': ......... ~:~~i:::::l::::::::':::::::::::::::;:::;;:: .......................t:; ..... .....................................i::··:: ::::: :: ~··I ·::::::::::::::::::::::::· ................. .............. ........... ................. .......... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::: ~~~VGNIM ............. ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iii~~ii~tiiiiii~~ ISOS . .. Leo. A. Sorenson Gen. Mgr. Wisconsin's Midwest :I::::::::::::::I: ST :-r k .n -'We Two More Queens As this goes to press the Cranberry Queen of the Wareham, (Mass.) American Legion Post is about to have the selection coro- nation, and harvest ball, with a footbball game in the afternoon and a parade of floats. The win- ner of this contest will be the one sent to New York by New England Cranberry Sales. Ban- don area (Oregon) has also held its similar event. |-INTERESTED- in buying or leasing Wisconsin Cranberry property. High quality Searles Jumbo, McFarlin and Howes vines for sale. Vernon Goldsworthy 936 Memorial Drive Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin expect to have some photo- graphs and accounts in the next issue. ----. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAINE I i I _ Morris April Bros or Ap l r Bridgeton TuckahoeIN NewJersey Apples Cranberries Peaches .rnodohGR~owERs AND GROWERS AND SHIPPERS I n -l—......... — . i.- Edwin K. Greer Co. WAREHAM, MASS. Est. 1891 Tel. Wareham 108 PIONEERS RETAILERS OF BUILDING MATERIALS BUILDING MATERIALS CATERING To The CRANBERRY INDUSTRY LUMBER DRAIN PIPE woWOOD PRESERVERS BOLTS TOOLS -____ Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Beans Satisfaction p ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM,MASS. Thanksgiving- May it be a Happy Day to You. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company (A Cooperative) WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN ADAMS & GOULD Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints-Hardware Middleborough Trust Company MIDDLEBORO MASS. of Member The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Wareham Savings Bank and Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Accounts Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 Cape & Vineyard Electric Company Offices:- |Offices: Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Vineyard Haven Hall & Cole Established 1848 C~mmiZ~:Or~r~hantS Commission and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. |APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers BRICCS & STRATTON, CLINTON, WISCONSIN, CLITON, and HRCUNSI W aldH ENGINES Expert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used |Engine Driven Generators For Emergency Portable and All Applications Power MVlowers and Tractors Serviced _ Alan Pinten C. Established 1922 Tel. 334 HANOVER, MASS. H. R. Bailey Co. South Carver Carverchants Massachusetts WE ARE TAKING ORDERS FOR CRANBERRY EQUIPMENT- The National Bank of Wareham Cranberry men |Conveniently located for Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service l Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. ........ . ..........--.....wateor . ..... .-. . Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIEt by'.T iCHA~iT R BA Extension Cranberry SpecialistThe Director Fred J. Sievers, Head of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station since 1928, retired November 1, 1950. His many duties included the super- vision of the Cranberry Experi- ment Station. Under his able ad- ministration, the work and facil- ities of the Cranberry Experiment Station were considerably expand- ed. He has cooperated closely with the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association and its many activities. Cranberry growers have found Director Sievers to be a real fliend .f the ..... tr, ... .l friend of the industry. We all wish him well. Hectic Harvest Massachusetts cranberry growers have produced another fine crop. The harvest was completed by late October, after a hectic fall. Not only was there a large crop, but labor was scarce, and frost warn- ings were plentiful. Incidentally, on the evening of October 26, tem- peratures of 10° were recorded. Fortunately, or unfortunately, de- pending upon one's point of view, frost damage is reported to be only 4%. This is rather remarkable, since water supplies were critically low, and still are for that matter. Twenty-four frost warnings were released, as compared with a single warning last fall. It is understood, of course, that these frost warn- ings act merely as a guide, indi- eating the temperatures the cooler- than-average bogs may realize on a particular night. Expansion of Warning Service The responsibility of deciding when a warning should be released is really terrific. Dr. Franklin has handled this tremendous task with remarkable success for many years, as most growers know. However, unless a grower has "sat in" on one of the frost sessions at the ~tate bog, it would be difficult for Two R~y^X him to appreciate the time and effort involved. It is a seven-day week job for at least two months in the spring and another two months in the fall. The work had its beginning in 1910, when weather instruments were purchased and Dr. Franklin began collecting data. By 1915, he had collected sufficient data to make certain preliminary fore- casts. In 1920, a regular frost warning service was established. Several men helped organize the telephone frost warning relay sys- sfrom tem, but Chester Vose was the leader. "Chet" Vose made a very real contribution to the industry during the many years that he supervised the telephone warning service, sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation. Dr. Franklin, however, is still the man behind the scenes upon whose judgment the forecast is based. His weather studies, com- piled after years of study, are available in bulletin form to all growers and are invaluable to the industry. Floodin Reminder Flooding Reminder Growers are reminded that it ison. nearly time to flood new bogs for the winter. Let's hope that water supplies are considerably more plentiful by late November than at present (November 3). Dr. Frank- lin recommends that new bogs be flooded for the winter as soon as the ground begins to freeze in or- der to avoid heaving of the newly- set vines. The following caution on surplus water is quoted from Bulletin 447: "The surplus water must be let off at times of thaws or heavy rains in winter or early spring. If this is neglected with vines frozen into the ice, the raising of the ice will pull them out of the ground. The first three years the should be let off about May 5. Earlier removal exposes the plants to possible frost heaving." Mature or bearing bogs are usually flowed about December 1, or as soon as the sand surface re mains frozen all day. To quote again from the above bulletin: water should be held just "The water should be held deep enough to cover the vines. It is often best to let the highest points stick out a little where the bog is much out of level." Pre-cooling of Cranberries Prof.Earle Cox, of the Agricultual Engineering Department, and Dr. F. B. Chandler are carrying on a very interesting experiment on pre-cooling of cranberries. The purpose of this experiment is to l learn how the removal of field heat ing ali Te affect the keep ing quality. The berries taken the bog are placed in bins, and air is forced through them by ans of lrg f . eTemperature means of large fans. Temperature of the fruit was taken as it was brought in from the bogs. Read ings as high as 14 were recorded. The results in this work may be very enlightening in future handling of our crop Growers will also be interested in another experiment supervised by Dr. Chandler. A comparison of hand scooping versus mechanical pickers is being made to determine the damage to the fruit. We have had many inquiries concerning this County Agents "Lew" Norwood and Oscar Johnson and the writer attended a three-day Marketing School held in Amherst in early October. This was the third annual Marketing School held for Extension people. The school this year featured the retailer and his problems. It was an excellent pro gram, and we believe the time was well spent. Just a final reminder: The annual Production and Marketing Outlook Conference will be held November 29-30 at the University of Massachusetts. The cranberry industry need.s the support of its growers at this important conference. DirectorMasuntil of Director of Mass. Extension Service oic • pRetires -—_ A brief resume of the years of service of Dr. F. J. Sievers, who retires as di rector of Massachusetts AgriculturalExperiment Station. When F. J. Sievers was invited in 1928 by President Thatcher' of the University of Massachusetts to become Director of the Agricul- tural Experiment Station, he was Head of the Department of Soils at the State College of Washing- ton where he had established him- self as an authority on the manage- ment of arid and irrigated soils. It was through his findings that a consistent and logical relationship was recognized between soil nitro- gen and soil organic matter, and this fundamental truth is now ac- cepted in all practical efforts to maintain the organic matter of our soils, a significant objective in deal- ing with one of our greatest nat- ural resources. Also, he was cred- ited with producing convincing evi- dence that soil nitrogen and not moisture, contrary to the former belief, was the immediate limiting factor in crop production in the great grain-producing areas of the country. What primarily aroused only skepticism is now universally adopted, due to the strong support in his numerous research publica- tions. His critical and analytical attitude, so essential to progress in research, expressed itself also n his attitude attitude educational his toward progress in general, and it was be- the retirement of Dr. Fernald from the directorship of the Grad- Cuate School when he was invited to take on that responsibility and to relinquish the deanship of the' School of Agriculture. Since 1932 he has served as both Director of the Agricultural Ex- periment Station and of the Grad- uate School. In both of these WESTERN PICKERS, INC Coos Bay, Oregon1172 Hemlock Avenue The Government reports show that there is now less than 2,000 000 unemployed in the United States. We soon will have over 2,000,000 in the Army. Where is next years labor coming from? foundibul i-ii found plenty of opportunities to break with tradition, and this he has been especially eager and ready to do when, in his judgment, tradition came in conflict with pro- gress. His firm belief that educa- tion stopped when complacency or smugness appeared, and that a teacher is not recognized or even interesting because of only what he knows, but rather for what he thinks, and that a sense of humor is the best evidence that the teach- er or investigator possesses the imagination necessary for effective service were a few of the principles to which he ardently adhered. Before going to the State Col- lege of Washington, he had for eight years served public educa- tion in Wisconsin, his native state, both in the public schools and also at the University and from the latter he holds a Bachelor's and a Master's degree. Mrs. Sievers is also a native of Wisconsin, and there are three children: Jeanette, direcprice children' Jeanette, director of per sonnel work with a mercantile es- ta9blishment at Greensboro, North tablishment at Greensboro, North Carolina; Howard, in charge of sales for the northeastern regionof the Lederle Laboratories at Bos- fields of educational endeavor helabor wages in Coos Common labor wages in Coos Bay, Oregon, have tripled to $1.85 per hour in five years. Wage increases are on order all over the United States. Unless cranberry prices raise in proportion, how can you produce cranberries at a profit unless you cut labor costs? The war effort with its rationing of scarce materials is rushing down upon us. Now that the Western Picker has proved that it is the only mecnical craberry that picker will pick in all the producing areas, and just as we were preparing to expand our production, we are threatened with being unablbe to produce our picker because we use too many war critical materials. Even if we get priorities on agricultural machinery, it will be too late for Government allocation boards to be set up and be smooth- operating, in tim for Western Pickers to get anywhere when the big squeeze is on. Th only way out is to g these materials now while we still can. To do this, we need money. To get money we are allowing a $160.00 discount from our finished of $1050.00, making a price cef er8 o if d the i,95090 lat year that we are goin the last year that we are going to make such a price reduction (and may have to raise it later.) or a complete price lst show- payment seethe October issue of "CRAN BERRIES". The most important thing for you to decide now is what are your chances ofof remaining in the Cran chances in the Cra berry Industry during the next berry Industry during the next few years You can't do it by pay- i h elp! Without a Western Picker to cut your costs to the bone, your chances of coming out even will be less and less. Your best bet will be to order one or more pickers now while there is a good chance of getting them. (ADVT) Three cause of this broad interest in edu-ton and Frederick, representative cation that he was requested soonpartial soon of the Highway Users Association after his arrival to serve also as for the Washington area at Washd Dean of the School of Agriculture. in ton D. C. In that dual capacity he continued n V aI t.I A1 E 0 CONV EYIIER and ^T1N1 A ^~ TRACK Aorganizer ____~_~_ Mr. Sievers has always been in- an c 1afs.At p . hTe and civic affairs. At present he is Vice-President of the Board of Directors of the Cooley-Dickinson Hospital. He was active in estab-| ^lishingCommunity or- the Chest ganization in Amherst, and was and director of its first self-conducted financial campaign. He served as chairman of the com- by the Amherst ARLINGTON, 74 MASS. Selectmen that made the final and Box 36 effective recommendation for the Frost Insecticide Co. |mittee appointed (Continued on Page 13) V sl>Ot4AL CRANBERRY M4G4, ISSUE OF NOV. 1950-VOL. 15 NO. 7 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS MASSACHUSETTS Harvest Over Massachusetts cranberry crop was still being estimated at about 600,000 barrels, both by the New England Crop Reporting Service in the release issued October 12th and bygrowers in the cranberry area at the end of harvest. By October 1 Early Blacks had been largely picked and growers were starting on the Lates. A frost was indicated on October 25th and a check by the Frost Warning Service revealed that all but about half a dozen growers had completed harvest and of these few, they had only a few hours or a day or so of picking re- maining. Some growers ran over their estimates, and general opinion was that the preliminary August estimate would be just about reached. October brought many good picking days and the harvest was speeded up more than was anticipated early in the season when damp weather was hindering. The estimate of 600,000 barrels, which is 15 er cent larger than the 1949. production and 29 per cent above the 10-year average, was not expected to have decreased. s nt ed to he d d because of frost losses, which were because of frost losses, whih we still standing at 4 per cent, or still standing, at 4 per cent, or 24,000 barrels. Over-runs by some ver-rus b sme growers made up the difference. Frost The most severe frost of the season was on the morning of the 16th when the uplands were whit- ened, but there was probably but slight loss. A 19 was recorded at the State Bog, 14 at.the Greene, Rhode Island bog, and from 17 to 22 at various other points in the Southeastern cranberry area. Four Rainfall Slight The rainfall for the entire month of October as recorded at the State Bog, East Wareham, was but .129 inches. Growers are becoming ap- prehensive about their winter floods. However, there were 2.01 inches on Nov. 4, 5, which certain- ly helped that much. The temperature of the month was definitely above normal. WISCONSIN ' The harvest was over in Wis- consin by October 30th with an estimate by "Del" C. Hammond that the crop would run about 200,000 barrels. The size of ber- ries is below average, and the qual- ty was fairly good. Color excel- lent. Budding on such marshes as Mr. Hammond had seen did not seem to be too good or next year's crop. The prospect looked below average. The weather was very dry, with scarcely any rain in the past six weeks. NEW JERSEY October 1950 WeatherOctober was the first month since December, 1929, show- month since December, 1929, show ing an average daily mean temper- ature above the normal at Pember- ton. The temperature averaged 58.1 degrees compared to the nor- ° mal of 56.2 , Rainfall was below the average for the fifth consecutive month, with 2.82 inches recorded, instead of the normal 3.46 inches for Oc- tober at Pemberton. With this cooler and drier than normal weather throughout the growing season, it is not surprising that the quality of the New Jersey cranberry crop is the best of many seasons, because this combination CompiledbyC. J.H. of weather conditions no doubt sup pressed field rots to a marked de gree. Crop Above Average Not only is the quality of the crop better than average, but the size of the crop is above average. This is due to several factors such as an almost complete absence of damaging spring or fall frosts, less loss from rot fungi, and to the rest which the bogs had been getting because of smaller-than-average crops during the two previous seaons Frost-Fall frost damage has been negligible. Of the eight warnings that were sent out during the fall, none proved to be severe for the time that they occurred, with the exception of the frost on the night of September 24, when a few unprotected Early' Blacks were frozen, and the night of October 26 when most of the crop was harvested. Harvesting operations were about 95/ completed at the close of October. A scarcity of scoopers and an unusual number of cloudy, damp mornings hampered scooping throughout the season. Blueberry Prospects Blueberry crop prospects for 1951 look good, if fruit bud formation is a good criterion. There was enough moisture during the summer and fall to allow maturing of the crop and vigorous new growth with plenty of good fruit buds. Limited observations of cranberry fruit bud formation are that they are about average. Personals W. E. (Bill) Tomlinson,Jr., of the N. J. Cranberry and Blueberry (Continued on Page 12) I ^^ Ci^lx\A/ * s ~enson, Leo Sorenson, Wisconsin s Mid-West Manager Has Widespread Area To Cover His Group is Spread Over 700-Mile Circuit-Mostly largerGrowers, with Strong Percentage of Searls Jumbo-He Was Marine Officer in Last War-Hopes to Own BogEventually. ~ByCLARENCE J. HALL By-______ CA E A trip around the circuit to visit all the members of the Midwest Cranberry Cooperative in Wisconsin entails a journey of about 700 miles for Leo A. Sorenson, general manager of the group. This is because the 44 members of Midwest are spread out pretty much over the entire cranberry-growing area of the state. And from the first of May until the first of September, Mr. Sorenson is busy much of the time in field work for the membership, covering this wide-spread territory. But Mr. Sorenson's shoulders are broad (he is 6 ft., 2 inches tall, weighing an athletic 210 lbs.) and he finds the work "extremely interesting". When he isn't on the road he is at the Midwest headquarters, which is one of the most modern and handsome structures whom he married in December 1946. She was the former CoverAla. The two meoft aBirminghm,t Gua-m in the Pacific during the war, where Mrs. Sorenson was serving in the NavyNursing Corps. In 1946 the Midwest Cranberry Association, then a new organiza^ tion, last spring becoming a class "A" member of the American Cranberry Exchange) decided it had to have a suitable headquartes for its activities and proceeded to build a handsome brick and glass structure at · 3212th Ave. structure 32-12th So in the Rapids. About one-third f its membership is in Wood Coun which Wisconsin Rapids is county seat. Handsome Midwest Building This building is 120 feet long by 50 feet deep, one story. At one end is a greenhouse 20 feet long for experimental purposes. There are three offices, one for the general manager, one for Mr. Bain, and a third which was used the last two years by the Wisconsin frost forecaster during the frost season. There is a meeting, or conference room with a seating capacity for 100 and a big storage room. The office-laboratory and the greenhouse has given Mr. Bain ee needed quarters and equip- are well kept and are plant- kept ad ae I.ed with beds of flowers. ed with beds of flowers. Sorenson manages all the office executive work as well as his field trips. He is assisted by Royal Roberts, bookkeeper, who came with the company in July, 1949. Wisconsin has made tremendous strides in production, as the industry is well aware. Sorenson be lieves the first reason for the in crease in Wisconsin's production per acre is due to better methods of water handling; growers in general do not hold the winter flood. so late; secondly, y tot-better fertilizer uses; third, to the effective use of weed killers; fourth, to bet ter control with modern insecticides and fungicides in both ground and air work and fifth to the use of tame honey bees to aid in pollination. He also points to satisfactory insect control, when needed, with DDT and the sprays applied with five in the Cranberry Industry. This Midwest group is made up mostly of the larger growers of Wisconsin, so many of the marshes are among the biggest. The total acreage is now about 1300 acres. This year Midwest expected a pro- duction of about 120,000 barrels. Highest to date was in 1948, when the group harvested 120,000 on about 1200 acres, or approximately at the rate of 100 barrels to the ~~~~acre.~ acre.'in ~in . Sixty per cent of this acreage is in the Searls Jumbo variety, which is the native Wisconsin fruit that is teWsnative n ft tt has chiefly so upped the production s state. t has chief ue tha McFrlins Howes and Natives make up the Hobalance of the acrea e uprenn feels that Searls when well man- aged .can be improved a good deal agedbe can ed g deal i a in keeping quality, that they can be mad.e to stand up well. He has shipped Searls in February that were harvested in Septemberu He were harvested in September.t He advocates the intelligent use of ctese ineigen e o fungicides, recommending fugdes, te use recomending the use of Bordeaux exclusively and fertilized to push up the rate of pro- lized to push up the rate of pro- '~ducti.on. ^ . Sorenson came into the Wiscon- sin picture in the summer of 1946 when he did apprenticeship work under Henry F. Bain, learning the scientific-and the practical side, too, of cranberry growing. But he was no complete stranger to the. cranberry industrly. He was Midwest Midwest StrongBothonoftmuch provided Strong on Searls excellent background knowledge a short distance south of Wiscon- Sin Rapids and on the edge of the born in Necedah, which is a town man cranberry district. His fath- er he describes as a small town nker there He was graduated from Needah high school in 1938 and then entered the University of Wisconsn at Madison maoring in entomology with his minor work soils, being graduated in 1942. graduatedin1942. Both of these interests for the business of cranberry cteul z . or~~~~~lawns ture. Marine Officer-in Last War The war took up his time be- tween then and 1946. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He served in three invasions, in- cluding Okinawa. He has two let- ters of commendation and three battle stars. His outfit was the 4th Marine regiment and it was the initial troops to land in Japan. He left the service with the rating of first lieutenant and is a member of the Marine Corps reserve. He had been interested in the possibilities of a cranberry career before the war, and after his dis- charge from service decided to make it his business. After his preliminary training under Mr. Bain he went back to the Univer- sity for a refresher and then came to the full-time employ of the Mid- west. Sorenson makes his home in Wisconsin Rapids, with Mrs. SQo- the long booms which many Wis consin growers have applied to their ground sprayers. Midwest also published the first insect and fertilizer chart ever put out in Wisconsin, this being revised and kept up to date. Hopes to be Grower Himself One reason for Sorenson going into cranberry work is that he likes the outdoors. His hobbies are hunting and fishing and there is plenty of opportunity for both in that sportsmen's state, provided he can find the time. Sorenson's job with Midwest is a full-time occu- pation, but "in time", he says, "it is my ambition to have a marsh of my own." - "JOE" STANKAVICH Cranberry growers of the Pacific Coast were saddened by the sud- den death of "Joe" A. Stankavich of Langlois, Oregon. They will miss his friendly interest in all that pertains to cranberry grow- ing. His father J. F. Stankavich was once a grower at Three Lakes, Wisconsin and the interest of the father was readily acquired by the three sons, Mike, Matt and Joe. The three sons together in- vented the basic ideas for the Western Picker. It was their father who did the test work which developed the Stankavich variety of cranberry. Joe attended the Bandon schools. Between 1915 and 1920 he drove a stage coach between Gold Beach and Coos Bay. Later he en- gaged in fishing off the coast with his brothers who owned their own boats. During the early part of Word War II he was associated with engineers in mineral research work. He was the first manager of the Ocean Spray cannery at Coquille, but resigned to take over the construction of the Cape Blanco bog for M. L. Urann which was later sold to the Kranicks. The past year he has been acting as Fire Warden for the Forestry Service. He was born at Three Lakes, Oct. 16, 1894 and was brought to the est Coast by his parents in ':22. They moved to Bandon in 1905. lie was married to Alice M. Fish in 1922. .Six Distributing Fertilizer By Airplane C. A. DOEHLERT* N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station Cranberry growers are especially interested in fertilizing by airplane because this method prevents damage caused by walking or driving upon the cranberry vines. Several growers have already fertilized by air to their own satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to report an experiment designed to obtain information on the uniformity, or lack of uniformity, of spread and the "sortingout" effect on the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash as the material drops through the air. Observation during the past two seasons demonstrated clearly that the larger particles fell near the center of the plane's swath, while the smaller particles travelled farther laterally. This suggested, the possibility that one ingredient such as nitrogen or potash might fall more abundantly in one part of the swath and less abundantly in another part. It was also felt that a study of this would, enable us to compute the widest practical swath that can be covered with satisfactory uniformity by one trip of the airplane across a field. It seemed advisable also not to confine the tests to one fertilizer formulation. Accordingly the fer- tilizers used were 7-7-7, 5-10-10, 5-10-5, and 3-12-6. Cooperation by Fertilizer Manufacturers and the Aviator The fertilizers used were ob- tained from five different manu- facturers. It was proposed by the author that the results of this ex- periment should be made public in a general way but that the names of the manufacturers would not be reported, in this first pre- liminary test. Each manufacturer, however, was to get the specific results obtained with his own fer- tilizer. This arrangement was deemed desirable by the author solely because the method of ex- perimentation is new, our tech- niques will need improvement, and the experiment will need to be re- peated several times before we know how reliable the data are. What appears to be true in this preliminary report will undoubtedly have to be somewhat altered when the experiment has been repeated a number of times. The author wishes to take this opportunity to express his appreci- ation for the manufacturers' co- operation. It should also be men- tioned that the Cherry Brothers' Flying Service at Pemberton . J. contributed their services with- charge Papr of Joura eries, New ^ the 'Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University-the State University of New Jersey, Department of Hortiul- Methods Four brands of 7-7-7 fertilizer, two brands of 5-10-10, two brands f 5-10-5, and one brand of 3-12-6 were used. Of the above nine mixtures, two were pellitized and seven were regular commercial fertilizers. Squares of shade cloth 6 feet by 6 feet were made into frames with light wooden cleats 1/4 inch thick on each side of the fabric. On two opposite sides of the square the cleats were fastened by bolts and wing nuts. This was a convenience that made it possible to roll up the frames for transportation. More important still, the frame could be unclamped on one side of the square and the collected fertilizer could be jostled down upon a piece of cardboard, which greatly expedited the procedure of collecting the fertilizer from a considerable number of frames in a short time. To conduct the test on any one particular fertilizer, two rows of 8 of these frames, placed in close contact, were set up at right angles to the line of the airplane's travel. These two rows were roughly 100 feet apart (see figure 1). The frames were supported by 8-inch flower pots turned upside down so that the plants growing under neath did not affect the level sur face of the shade cloth. The fer tilizer to be tested was loaded into a commercial dusting plane, and the pilot made a single trip across he field, releasing about 200 pounds of the fertilizer per acre and en- deavoring to pass directly over the central point of each line of frames. Observers estimated that the plane generally flew 12 to 20 feet above the ground. As soon as the application was made, the fertilizer from each frame was carefully removed and. placed in an individually labelled container. The frames were then reassembled and ready for the next test. All tests reported here were made in one afternoon when the weather was calm. Quality of Fertilizer Distributed Per Unit of Area In all the tests, one of the two middle frames received the heav- lest deposit of material. This frame we have designated as the "central position". The frame to the left and, that to the right of the central position we have designated "2nd position". The next adjacent frames left and right we have designated "3rd position", and ~~~~~theleft andnextright two the next two frames left and "4th position". Thus we have one frame for the central position, two frames for the 2nd position, two frames for the 3rd position, and two frames for the 4th position. The one remaining frame is dis- carded. (See fig. 1) Table 1 shows the amount of fer- tilizer deposited per frame for each position. Table 2. Since for a single trip or flight it is impossible for the pilot to adjust his hopper to pro- duce an exact distribution per acre, we have for every test consid.ered the deposit on the central frame as a satisfactory amount per acre and have called it "100." The amount deposited in each of the other positions has been calculated in terms of 100 for the central po- sition. These figures are given in table 2. It will be seen from table 2 that the first 8 tests exhibit a generally uniform behavior with an average of 100 units deposited in the central position and 60, 17 and 6 units in the second, third, and fourth positions respectively. In test 9, the amounts deposited on each side of the central frame dropped off less sharply. Here is a distribution pattern that is much more desirable. It seems probable that the explanation for this dif- FIGURE 1. Arrangement of Fabric Squares for Sampling Fertilizer Dropped byAirplane, with Designation of "Positions". I I 4 th 3d 2 d CENTRAL 2d 3d 4th POSITIN — [L_ .. - I[j , I{ I 100 ft 1 I h ~ m t 3d ENTRAL 3 D p i L Note that the central position was actually determined by the heaviest deposit. This may shift because of deviation in the plane's travel, as shown above, or because of air movements. framesA ATABLE 1 Average Amount of Fertilizer Deposited per Frame in Grams Material 2nd 3rd 4th tested Central Position Position Position 1 157 77.5 25 7.75 1 123 73 20.5 8.0 3 182 90.75 14 7.25 4 199 120.25 38.25 12.0 5 209.5 141.25 45.5 13.25 6 83.5 53.25 14.75 5.25 7 101 69 18 6.5 8 67.5 42.5 14.25 5 9 133.5 101.5 50.75 20.5 TABLE 2 Relative Deposits Per Frame When Central Frame is Considered 100 Material 2nd 3rd 4th tested Central Position Position Position Notes I 100 49 16 5 2 100 60 17 7 3 100 50 8 4 Poorest of 1st 8 4 100 60 19 6 5 100 67 22 6 Best of 1st 8 6 100 64 18 7 100 69 18 6 8 100 63 21 1 Average Much better of first 8 100 60 17 6 than any of the 9 100 76 38 15 1st 8. ference can be determined No. 9. It shows the pattern of Figure 2 illustrates graphically combined deposits with material the least desirable distribution No. 9, if the plane were making a test 3) and the most desirable dis-trip only every 24 feet. Even at tribution (No. 5) of the first 8 this wider spacing of airplane trips tests. These distributions are cal-or runs, material No. 9 produces a culated on the basis of a flight more even coverage than the best across the bog every 18 feet. of the first 8 materials with runs Figure 3 illustrates the unusually 18 feet apart. This would mean good distribution obtained in test that with material No. 9 theair- Sevep FIGURE 2. Theoretical Combination of Fertilizer Coverages due to Overlapping tent. which 'would occur if Plane Flights were 18 Feet apart. Based on Tests 1 to 8 Only. Material 3, variation of Nand K content. .. Material 5, variation of K con- FIRST I Material 6, variation of P and K content. Material 9, which was outstand..............':: uniform quantity de ';.ing for the IiST OF: B posited in all positions, is also out- FIRSTS6I M _ _ I IIi 11ii standing for uniform composition ; Columns indicate the amounts of fertilizer dropped upon bands 6 feet wide as if cf material deposited. viewed in cross section. All blocks shaded the same way are deposits from one flight across the bog. Observe that in the upper graph there are two shallow total cover-Since four of the nine materials ages for every full coverage, whereas in the lower graph there is relatively little performed atisfactorily in reg difference between the various total coverages. i to any "sorting-out" effect, the FIGURE 3. Theoretical Combination of Fertilizer Coverages due to Overlapping problem of change of composition with Material No. 9, which would occur if the Plane Flights were 24 feet apart. of fertilizer deposited on the bog is MATE R I L 1iuu uw.......ii, : l 11 :::: -............... .. '.i..... not nearly so serious as that of the Note that coverages are more uniform than with the better of the two materials Nine fertilizer formulations dis- shown in Figure 2, even though the plane flights here are spaced 6 feet farther apart. tributed by airplane were tested TABLE 3 Analyses of Fertilizer Deposited in the Central Second and Third uniformity of distribution to Positions (figures in 2nd decimal place omitted) each side of the line of travel of the airplane. Material Pc. Nitrogen Percent Phosphorus Percent Potash No. Cent. 2nd. 3rd. Cent. 2nd. 3rd. Cent. 2nd. 3rd. The investigation was planned to 1 >*7.6 7.0 8.4 7.8 7.5 7.9 7.3 7.5 6.5 determine (1) the quantity of total 2 7.0 7.2 7.5 8.1 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.3 7.0 fertilizer mixture deposited per 3 *6.0 6.5 6.6 8.0 8.4 7.6 :7.7 8.4 7.5 unit of area and (2) changes of 54 9.8 50' 6.6 91.7 5.6 7.4 proportion of each ingredient, i. 8.3 505.7 6.0 e., 5 5.0 5.0 5.0 9.1 9.1 9.1 "'10.0 10.6 9.7 6 5.1 4.8 5.4 ' 12. 3 11.7 10.9 8. 3 9.0 10.1 did the proportion of N, P, and K 7 5.9 5.8 5.7 12.3 12.0 12.3 e.1 8.3 8.3 vary when the deposit under the 8 5.2 5.2 5.4 12.5 ,12.3 11.8 4.4 4.6 5.2 plane was compared to the deposit 9 3.2 2.9 2.9 13.3 13.2 13.3 6.5 6.5 6.8 6 or 12 feet to either side? **Deposits so marked are considered to show a serious "sorting-out" effect. The fertilizer dropped from the was collected two rows plane would cover in 30 trips an data let us assume for the present the airplane on of frames, each frame 6 feet square. area which would require 40 trips that a difference of less than 0.5 , each -ui > -, .. , were in each row. ~~~~There 8 frames with a fertilizer represented by the for the second position, compared first 8 samples. Before adopting to the central position, is not of he f of te e r the ., the .0 6 6. 6 8 . the flight of the plane crossed any practical -conclusion of this practical importance. We will con- 4 " ^o: .~^ u i ~ pcentral point of each row. sort, we want to see whether re-sider as important, therefore, only peated tests produce the same re-those differences between central Materials 1 to 8, inclusive, had a suit and whether thee material pro-and second position amounting to generally similar pattern of distriduces any unfavorable effect on the 0.5 or more. We may also assume bution as to quantity deposited per cranberry foliage. that a variation in the third posi-unit area. To obtain a satisfactory Composition of Fertilizer Deposited tion is of much less importance fertilizer applicatin with these The second important objective than in the second position, simply materials, the airplane trips would was to learn whether the compo-because of the smaller quantity de-have to be spaced 18 feet apart. sition of fertilizer deposited direct-posited, in the third position. There were definite "sorting out" effe with cerals.o t the ly under the plane was any differ-According to the standards just cts with of the 9 materials. ent from that deposited to one side. mentioned, it will be seen from Material 9, which was outstand- The samples collected from the table 3 that four materials per-in for uniformity of quantity de- central, second, and third positions formed satisfactorily as to the posited, was also outstanding for wtere analyzed for nitrogen (N), composition of the fertilizer depos-uniformity of composition of the phosphorus (P), and, potash (K). ited in different positions. They material deposited. No analyses were made for collec-are materials 2, 7, 8, and 9. With material 9, the quantity lions in the fourth position because For the five that did show a deposited per unit area decreased the quantity deposited there was serious "sorting-out" effect, the less rapidly with the distance to usually too small to be of signifi-variations are marked with a dou-the right or left of the line of * ^ . ~~~~~~~~~travel.this material the cance. ble asterisk in table 2 and they are With plane could make its trips 24 feet Table 3 shows the complete ana-as follows: d hapart and still produce a satisfac lytical data. In conparing these Material 1, variation of N con-(Continued on Page 12) Eight i ISSUE OF NOVEMBER 1950 ^ ^ ^ Vol. 15 No. 7 rHERE'S LIFE IN THE OLD DOG, YET THE final results of this season's harvest, which means returns to the growers, still hangs in the balance. As this goes to press, the balance, we understand, is more favorable. But we are very much encour aged by the fact that, insofar as we know, most of the growers are hanging on to their bogs, except those who were forced to give up to keep body and soul together. In other words, we feel that the indus- try continues to have fortitude and to be confident that even though 1950 will prob- ably not be too good a year there remains life in the old dog yet, and by that we mean the cranberry industry as a total. IN DEFENSE OF QUEENS WE have heard many a comment that the cranberry industry is nutty to pay so much emphasis to the selections and coronations of "cranberry queens" and the fall harvest festivals. One argument has been that the same amount of money and effort put into straight selling work would be of.more benefit to the cranberry grow- ers. We have kind of thought so ourselves, at times. Then again, to think a little further this is quite definitely a form of sales effort. It certainly makes a good many people conscious of cranberries. This must have been true, for instance, at that mammoth "Cranboree" out in'Wisconsin, with 20,000 people witnessing the festivities. Some of these buy cranberries, whereas otherwise they probably would not, and some never had before, so if our fruit is as good as we believe it is they will continue to eat cran- berries. At any rate, these festivals are harm- less, pleasant affairs, possible in a free country. Each is of interest to the com- munity and group which sponsors it. If we have one gripe, it is that there is never one queen who is really undisputed queen of the entire industry. Long live the Queens! AN interesting paper was read at a meet- ing of the National Academy of Science in Schenectady, which stated that evidence had been presented that systematic silver iodine seeding in New Mexico since last CRANBERRIES-WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Subscription $3.00 per year Advertis rates upon application Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL EDITH S. HALL-Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin c. D.HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin _ Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, M. E. TOMLINSON, JR. New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey December has caused marked differences of the large-scale weather pattern through out the Eastern United States. Dr. Irving Langmuir of the General Electric Company said that seeding of the clouds in attempts to cause rain had brought about reports in eastward regions showing regular rainfalls in the early part of each week (when the seeding was done) which were not in the normal pattern. The seeding takes place from ground generators and the silver iodine rises high into the atmosphere and the particles then may travel eastward with the prevailing winds until right conditions are encountered to induce rain, when the rainfall is "triggered" off and a storm begins. Then a chain reaction may follow and the rain spreads by itself. Truly we live in a wonderful age. Nine Above Showing how end of boom is operated from truck on a dike. Opposite page, top, showing entire boom andtrucks, moving over a bed of Cutler Cranberry Company; lower, operator of clipper, moving across section as he mows swath. • '. -... .': s ate in swaoheiator,riding' "Brooklyn Bridge," Wisconsin's Unique Contribution To Industry -as.....it stretches across the bed, is trucks move uniformly ahead, an... Probably. the ..of clipp.eritself, which is 17 feet biggest piece the other wquipmytkfeing ow atrt 17 feet, to where the oper nt th equipment within the cranberry in-wide, but :could be 24. c utiab Cnex sath. Eate . ator can cut his next swath. Each dustry at least a movable piece, The clipper is operated like a truck may be turned without any also one ofthe most ingenious-is suspension car. suspended from difficulty, as the boom ends are this past summer in operation for of the boom Power comes from a trucks carries its end on rollers to its second season at the Cutler 20 h. generator on one of the take care of wider or narrower Cranberry Company, Camp Doug-tucks The generatoron one out sects. Either end of the clipper t i e r o . putsof the the' tu ghnerator las, Wisconsin. This is the marsh 50 watts of electricity and this can be raised individually to take las, Wisconsin. This:is thenmurnsh can be raised to takeof Guy Potter, wthomo.7500with of and this care of any differences in level. bf N. P~tteS;~_ operated watts electricaity ofG Nop t care of any differences in his son, Roland.ower? goes out on a copper cable, e o a dfn i level. v'....... ''...-.reaching the clipper by a trolley, Three men make up the crew The past season brought con-just like the trolley on a trolley handling the clipping operation, tinued complete satisfaction in per- car.' rideng ti'ued car-The clipper has eleven elec- one on each truck, one riding back formance, 157 acres having it.swiv Bridge,been tricall'y-operated andmounted ofon the clipper. of toyn' blades. forth One the .ormanced:157 ares,-ha ing been thi.callyoperated blades. and forth on the clipper. clipped five times. clip-ped, five, times, -' i. .-, ¢ clippdfivtie. An operator, riding in seated Three to four acres an hour may alsoits one td in/tntus-is t as boom are secononseasontheoost a b, difficultyf the ends. at care wider "The Brooklyn Bridge" is really comfort, controls the clippers by artmen "The Brooklyn Bridge"the is Cutlerreally comfort, controls the clippers by a beclippedtate of or narrower nothing more -than a grass clipper, t o f nothin than a Eclippom number of handles, Dlike the motor-"Brooklyn Bridge" was designed Cof i d esignfor nothing more than the ' ed ' besigdeed nothinge gthet. ' ' designed for nothing more theman on a trolley car. The oper-by Guy and Roland Potter, and A. is s hiwnehowever, to the grass which still, wh h'is 'a 'a see clipping frame. This he Power & Paper Co. Wisconsin matter of much importanceinWis-'''' Wsoi consin mButlistentothe desrip-cCan raise, or lower. The c ipper Rapids Engineering Dept. dendtn otber on otheor he st eel span.tings consin. But listenll0o 'the lsuend thedescrip-i signed at a vey tracks wich run ann The boleom the De t es chafr ee fo eer to6mesom ed to be clipped. Under trhe boom ach, donerby having Three mTren theboo trolley, Te past season brought con-justn like make up the crew dikes the trolley on a trolley handling the lipping operation eopposite which enclose the The changing of the position of Conservation and Economic De -~ ~ #. .. ^ of**jŽ'*** . Fertilizer by Airplane proud father for the fifth time (Continued from Page 8) with the birth of a son, Richard tory fertilizer application. Curtis, on October 9th. Tests will be continued in spring to see whether this result can be ORGON duplicated and whether there are Rains Delay Oregon Harvest any adverse effects on the cran-Heavy rains have greatly de- berry foliage. layed the harvest in Southwestern If reasons for the uniformity of Oregon. Many growers have been material No. 9 can be proved, it forced to resort to water raking, may become possible to improve which some do to a certain extent the nature of the mixture so that anyway. The ending of harvesting the airplane can cover a still wider is expected to be abnormally late. swath at each trip across the bog. Crop Shorter Fresh from the Fields Some local estimates place the (Continued from Pageage 4) crop as slightly shorter than last as last Research Laboratory, became a year. October estimate of U. S. tiveP^~CofS~~~ Hit~ ~ tE _2 :.¢::JPwrotects=,Sran ul _presided PeoriaW Illor dyear 85orStlatt.,OgBon METALss.:At CProtection P Som at Cranguy'ma Farms, PHOTO CO RTESY OF PORTLAND OREGON JOURNAL Long Beach, Wash. SPREADING out in an impressive acreage in the great Northwest, Cranguyma Farms at Long Beach, Washington, represents an important part of our nation's cranberry production. Standing as dependable guardians against frost and drought 1000 Rainbird sprinklers provide the correct and necessary rainfall Twele Drought and Frost whenever it is needed. This outstanding installation is indica tive of the dependability of Rainbird Sprinklers. The distrib- utor or dealer listed below will be pleased to furnish additional information upon request. PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTORS R. M. WADE and CO. ARMCO DRAINAGE & STOUT IRRIGATION INC. Portland. Oregon METAL PRODUCTS CO. Portland, Oregon Portland, Oregon W. R. AMES COMPANY, 150 West Hooper St., San Francisco, Calif. EAST & MIDWEST DISTRIBUTORS L. R. NELSON MFG. CO. Peoria, Illinois MASSACHUSETTS DEALERS JOSEPH BRECK & SONS IRRIGATION DIVISION VEGACRE FARM85 State St., Boston, Mass. Forestdale (Cape Cod), Mass. Twelve Crop Reporting Service gave it as 16,000 barrels or 3,000 more than last year. WASHINGTON As of November 1, according to D. J. Crowley of the Cranberry- Blueberry Laboratory at Long Beach, Washington, there is at least a 25 percent drop in the first crop estimates, in both Washington and Oregon. This was becausse of the unusually late season, the shortage of labor and much continued bad weather. RALPH THACHER NAMED CAPE SOIL SUPERVISOR CAPE SOIL SUPERVISOR Ralph Thacher, Cape cranberry grower has been elected supervisor of the Barnstable (County) Soil Conservation district. The term is for three years. Chairman the Board of Supervisors, Benjamin D. Fleet, East Sandwich, at the meeting at East Falmouth, which made the election. Darrell R. Shepherd, South Yarmouth outlined the activities of the unit since its formation. A total of 34 applications for assistance have been received during the past and 191 since the district was formed. Farm plans completed during the past year total 62. Average size of the farms planned was 43 acres. on the Cape include cover cropping, crop residue management, contour farming, crop rotation, terraces and diversions, mulching, RobertW . Savary CHRYLER -PLYMOUTH SALES and SERVICE Goodyear and Federal Tires Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessories East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 63-R irrigation, farm ponds, land clear- ing and tree planting. A lecture on Cape farms was given by P. R. Sims, Rockland, district conservationist; talks by A. C. McIntyre, Philadelphia, re- gion forester Dr. A. B. Beaumont, Amherst, State Conservation, and 'State Senator C Edward Sto State Senator Edward C, Stone discussed conservation. A. D. BENSON GIVING FULL TIME TO WORK FOR CRANBERRY COUNCIL Arthur D. Benson, former gen- eral manager of the New Eng- land Cranberry Sales Company is giving his full time to his position as Secretary-Treasurer of the Cranberry Growers' Council. The Council is assuming more res- ponsibility within industry, the foindustry and the directors of the Council felt there should be a full-time man to handle details of Council work. SIEVERS (Continued from Page 3) purchase of the present water sys- tem for the town of Amherst, and has actively participated in many campaigns which solicited funds and were dependent upon public w upo p support. WORD OF HONOR WeORD Fred Sievers, in his long ser- vice as Director of the Massachu- setts Agricultural Experiment Station, exercised rare qualities of many kinds. In my relations with him, as Head of the Cran- berry Station throughout this per- R We shall all miss him at the Cranberry Station and will never ask for a finer guide. He has served the cranberry industry well. Henry J. Franklin 850's Find Growers .1 "The Troubled \ith "The Rot" And Insects (A Continuation of the Cranberry History from Last Month) Theodore Budd the other hand Theodore Budd one of the greatest of cron greatest of cranberry growers said he had as good sanding as without. He wrote this in 1870, then having been growing cranberries for about 2 years, as he said, or since about iod, I have had ample opportunitywith to come to know that he is an in- formed able leader, sound in his f rmed able leader, sound in his thinking, just in his judgements and kind in his human relationsSpeaking about seemingly, of the time he began, he put .iThe were written articlesthat on the culture of cranberwere detrimental to their ..... _____—__________ _-__ down: FORLM:•. -•'•I FB•TD l .... FtR? PRFthen *••ompatiiiiiC ries ~6~, ) ,Hydraulic w -....... Consultp~growthand calculated to lead the beginner from the lawsOof x`nature and success in the culture of the fruit. All advocated beach sand-so poor that nothing' else would grow-and the ;~iiriiijii~ijii:~~i~iiiiji :-:::ground well saturated with ......... water in the summer season, :~::~::~::~:.~.~.`* : ............. '::i~'~::~and flowed in the months of.June Xi~iiiii!!~jjiiiiiiiiiiiji.ii!i..iiii~i!iii:i' FOR FLUMES PREFABRIATED SEE R. A. TRUFANT Hydraulic Consultant -Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent Tel. Carver 64-11 NORTH CARVER, and July to kill the berry worm. All: of which is at variance with the proper growth of the cranberry. I have found, by experience, that they will not grow, to produce much fruit on poor sand, unless it is underlaid with muck or peat, so near the surface, that the vines will have the benefit of it. And they will make but poor J.M.HACKETT Tel. Rockland 1864 "S 'No. Hanover, Mass. INTERNATIONAL Harvester and CONTINENTAL Red Seal Industrial Engines S~LAWRENCE Propellor Pumps Centrifugal Pumps MASS. Thirteen growth, and can produce but small crops, unless well drained in summer. Though this was the opinion of Mr. Budd, for long years he was one of the most successful of the Jerseyrren and an inspired leader. In this belief he was in the com- pany of many others of the larger growers of the state for many decades. Jersey, in general just didn't believe in sanding. Mr. Budd's first bog was at the so-called "Sheep Penn Hill," which is about five miles east of "Re- treat," where the bogs of the pre- sent Theodore H. Budd are, near Pemberton. Later, in 1887 this powerful figure of the Jersey industry and his son, Clifford Edmund built the 400 acres, which with those of Theodore's brother, Isaac, of 100 acres made up the property of Theodore Budds & Son. Story of the Budds appeared in CRANBER- RIES, January, 1946). But, while Jersey was largely disregarding sanding at this period and later, the Cape Codders kept on modestly building their "hand- kerchief" sized bogs, that is, most of them. They built soundly, clear, ing the land of brush and trees, turfing and spreading the beds of white sand. They followed the area of peat, whether it curved or zigzagged, giving to some of the bogs their odd outlines. They tried to keep their bogs as clean from weeds as possible. And still "cran- berry fever" spread. The Cape Codders went through the great northeast gale of 1857 which caused tremendous damage, as they had weathered the huge storm of 1851. The "Great Panic of '57," with a year of extreme dis- tress over most of the country, with money scarce and banks closing down, did not stop then fromN their bog building. "A Marine Plant" First bog builder in the town of Orleans was probably Josiah Freeman, who was assessed for a bog in that outer Cape town in 1854. His assessment was for house and buildings, 20 acres of land and meadow, 15 rods of peat swamp, 2,563 feet of salt works, and one acre of cranberry swamp. His en- Fourteen tire tax, bill was $11.20. The listing of the item "peat swamp" was no whim on the part of the Orleans assessors, as peat was vital for fuel in that region, there being very few trees and hence little easily-available wood. In that section the Cape inhabi- tants dug and dried the peat for their stoves-for heating and cook- ing. A few living today can recall the dark colored smoke coming from the chimney and have not forgotten its peculiar "marshy" smell. The greater part of the soil of Orleans, which was originally a part of "Ancient Eastham," (set off in 1797, was light and sandy, even though great quantities of corn were raised and many hun- dreds of bushels sent to Boston, But the greatest wealth of that town had always come form the sea. As early as 1802 a thousand bushels of clams were being gathered annually. Large Salt Manufacturers Mr. Freeman did not gather and sell shellfish, nor was he one of the majority of Orleans men of that day, who from the age of 1 to 45 were engaged in the codfish- ery, but it was from the sea th-t he obtained his greatest revenue. prior to growing cranberries. This revenue, as was that of so many -T a others, was the salt from the sea. He continued to manufacture salt, in fact, after he became a grower and, long after most ot the Cape men had given up solar evaporation of the water as unprofitable. Besides making the comon salt for table use, he was one of those who carried the process father and made Epsom Salts, as well. He is believed to have carried on his salt manufactury until after the close of the Civil and the lumber sold to go into buildings, as so much of this old "salt wood" did go into the construction of Cape barns and other buildings. Mr. Freeman, at first planted wild vines, which were reputed to lave produced abundantly and with berries of good color and keeping quality. He later planted Early Blacks and Matthews. For soil he wrote to Mr. Eastwood that he preferred "a wet, sandy soil, the whiter the better. My reasons are, there will be less grass to grow to choke the cranberry vines and the berry will grow larger. As a matter of fact he included in his letter: "I consider them (cranberries) rather a marine plant, and there fore should prefer them as near salt water as possible and not have them overflowed with salt J attends the first cold weather promptly Make sure it serves you well. Check its proper home-stoves, f rLnaces, chimneys, flues, stove pipes,-check its surroundings; accumulated trash, unprotected floors and walls. _a_ ae A. HA can help you make a survey of those hazards which may allow FRIEND FIRE to become ENEMY FIRE. Q Drei er t L r INSURANCE 40 Broad St., Boston 9, Massachusetts Telephone: Hancock 60830 water." His home bogs and saltworks were in the Skaket section on the Cape Cod Bay shore of Orleans Cod Bay shore of Orleans. H ehad a number of small bogs, at least half a dozen, the nearest one to the ocean not more than 100 feet from high water. Besides these shore pieces he had one on higher ground, which he called "The Mud Swamp."' Swamp." There were no ponds or streams in that sandy section but Mr. Free- man could, after a fashion, put on some waterfrom his "Mud Swamp." This he did through wooden spouts, which he himself had ingeniously hollowed out. He has a proper place." Shipped by Packet To get his salt and his-berries to market he shipped them to Bos- ton by packet, the last of that type of vessel from Orleans being the Bay Queen, her skipper Ben Gould. As were many of his day forced to be, Mr. Freeman was :an in- dustirous individual, rising with the sun to attend to his salt making and cranberries. A slender, clean-shaven man, Mr. Freeman was interested in Simple Logic Y O0U politics as well as salt and crain- berries. He was an eloquent talk- er in Orleans town meeting and his political bent eventually car- ried him to State Legislature as Representative. h son Josiah Andrew Freeman, local- known in the fen eler ly known in the often bewilder- f a s ing Cape fashion as simply Josiah _ il T?. Andrew, who had gone to California some year previously returned to operate the bogs. One of the pieces was yielding abundently and it was believed if all could be reduced to the same level as this leans, perhaps even more so, peat was the chief fuel. Many such peat bogs and meadows were taxed. t There came a change of Board of Assessors in 1858 and with this change many of the peat bogs and meadows were put down as cranberry swamps and taxed as such. There were no less than 15 listed as piece wouldincrease the crop. AAlways cordingly, he put three small -pieces into one large area, spend ing considerable money but un-to fortunately the yield did not improve. Josiah Andrew operated the bogs until 1909 when he sold them. Ancient Eastham's First Growers "Ancient" Eastham, scene of the "First Encounter" between the Pil- grim's and the Indianus, from which Orleans had been set apart in 1797 and, Wellfleet previously in 1762 is chieffy a plain, from which forests. were imprudently cut down: very .early. As in Or- cranberry properties. Those Cranberry Growers Especially WEL Visit and Ride THE EDAVILLE RAILROAD South Carver, Mass. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis D. Atwood are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine. Rates on application. Tel. 27 Main St. Wareham, Mass. Fifteen taxed, were: Joshua Cole, who was probably Eastham's leading early cranberry man, Knowles Doane, Roland Doane, John Hopkins, Joshua Higgins, Josiah Higgins, Edith Higgins, Ruben Nickerson, Joshua Paine, James Rogers, Louis Smith, Nathan Smith, Amos Sher- man, Jonathan Sherman and Wil- liam Wareham. Braley Jenkins Another grower who worked close to the sea as did Josiah Free- man, but in Barnstable, was Braley Jenkins, one of the greatest of that period. His bogs were upon Sandy Neck, where there was a surplus of sand, as the name implies. He did not need to import vines. They had "always" been there on this famous natural cranberry ground. Jenkins was the first to be as- sessed for cranberry property in the big, sprawling shire town of Barnstable, reaching clear across the Cape. This assessment was in 1852, when his name appeared on the books for "cleared land, wood- land and Cran. Bog." Five years later he is taxed for "woodland and Cranberry Ground at Sandy Neck, value $1,799. He seems to have improved his cranberry holdings in his first decade of bog work, ecai propy i for, in 1861, his property is valued at $4,500 and there is a notation Of 50 acres. This is about the of acresis ab he his amount of bog acreage his estate showed at the time of his death. Unmarried, a carpenter by trade, stout in figure, slow in movement, thorough in workmanship, scrupulous in all trans- actions and statements. That was the description of this cranberry grower found in of Johnl Jnis ley was born in Barnstable, May 12, 1812, the son of Deacon Braley Jenkins and a direct descendent of John Jenkins who migrated to this country from London in 1635. Noted Orchardist In addition to being a carpenter and cranberry grower, Jenkins was an arden orchardist. His or- chards at the Braley homestead were famed for and wide. His apples and his pears won prices at agricultural fairs and his prod- ucts were mentioned in the Cape by"DescendentsSamuel B. Jenkins, 1929. Bra- Sixteea papers. The thought of cultivating and improving the wild cranberry vines doubtless came to Jenkins as a very obvious thing. On this wildly fantastic "cape upon a cape," as previously mentioned in earlier chapters, the wild cranberry had "always" grown and been gather- ed, first by the Indians and then by white men. He had to do some ditching and to cler and keep clear the stunted pines, the bay- berry bushes and the poison ivy. This he did conscientiously, or probably had most of it done for him, as his ponderous bulk pre- he did, he assisted greatly in introducing fine cranberries to the general public and the first on Sandy Neck had always possessed a reputation for quality. Famed Sandy Neck Harvestings Fam s as his Sandy eck cranvestings at his "Duck Pond" bog, "Goose b Pond" bog, his "Grapevine' bog, his Crotch Hill" bog and other holdings were even more noted locally. There were the trips in his schooners to and fron the mainland, for no practical roads traversed the ped sand of the neck. There was the "camping vented him from doing too muchBraley's hen t physical labor. But, the "quiet" acquisition of some of the natural cranberries areas on Sandy, by quit claim deed "or otherwise," caused "no little feeling, friction and litigation," the BARNSTABLE PATRIOT the BARNS TABLE PATRIOT said at the time of said at the time of his death, March 27, 1894. "But Mr. Bra- ley successfully stemmed the tide public opinion, came out ahead and for years has ben undisputed in possession" Since these cranberries had so long been held as common prop- rty, it was small wondr thos erty, it was small woner the who had been wont to gather the fruit for generations were loath ^om to see the beds pass into private hands. Yet, beginning as early as U 1^ pickers were harvesting. The ef his firt s oe seem to have pased into obivon, but not his second, and larger one. This was aptly named "Pomona." She could bring back as many as 40 barrels of berries on a trip. Going back and forth from the Neck each day was too much of a chore, so Braley erected a confortable house of considerable size. Here, he provided quarters for those fortunate enough to be favored by him as hire for harvesting. The men were bunked downstairs, the women upstairs, and stairs, the women pstars an Braley, himself, slept in a little room under the stairs. Those were really cranberry D BE IT UF — L—) MANUFACTURED FOR CRANBERRY 0 GROWERS EVERYWHEREYWH o FOR FIFTEEN YEARS o PRICE J Iu I QUALITY o 0 SERVICE O 0 . 0 FALL RIVER, MASS. Tel. 6-8282 1 Q>o ^n< 'n< cow — oe fall festivals when he marshalled Cape press. Sometimes he shipped fruit trees, his pears, apples and his pickers, men, wonren and chil-a part of his crop long distances in quinces, and his cranberries, dren to the number of 25 or so. hogsheds i placing pog sheds filled with water. He was s name high up in the He hired a good cook and some-ranks of past century growers. times two. He liked his food and a man, who properly prized his (To be continued) all "fed" well. He is said to have _ not only "fed" them well, but worked them well. Harvested in Early Snows A TYT T It was Braley's custom to pick ll l up to Thanksgiving time. Some still remember as children, seeing the Pomona ghosting into Town trulygives much to be thankful for... Wharf at the foot of Navigation there is turkey and cranberry sauce for street through thick-flying snow. She canoe in sometimes when the instance; the traditional feast on that spray was frozen fast. spray was frovzen ast. day, electricity to serve you, the privi- Nature provided these bogs and sometimes she whimsically took lege of living in the greates country on them away. Now and then the winds shifted the sand dunes and earth. blotted out bogs. Jenkins in some instances built dams at the mouth of some of the coves to keep out the salt water. The bogs were all I * dry on this peninsula of sand, but ymoutn ounty Eectric o. their proximity to salt water kept the frost away in most instances. Through the years Braley Jen-WAREHAM -PLYMOUTH kins became a prosperous grower, Tel. 200 Tel. 1300 his bogs with their fine berries were frequently mentioned in the THE PILGRIMS HAD FAITH This is the month when the thoughts of the Nation turn to the. Pilgrims, stepping ashore at Plymouth Rock. These Founding Fathers of the United States had their inherent purposes of integrity, their faith in the future. So too, we of the New England Cranberry Sales Company, have faith in the future for our cranberry industry. Through co-operation it will be the sound industry it has been noted as being. THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY 9 Station Street Middleboro, Mass. TELEPHONE 200 REPORT TO GROWERS The only way to judge a selling campaign is by results. Ocean Spray has been working aggressively to increase cranberry sales. Here is a month-bymonth record of results... 1948 1949 1950 Cases Cases Cases January 39,843 44,622 71,229 February 59,986 46,193 83,184 March 104,078 117,351 145,793 April 71,555 83,152 141,255 May 64,249 102,886 165,086 June 80,761 103,309 150,071 July 86,001 91,178 162,967 August 130,740 209,006 520,639 September 313,393 420,517 801,186 October 529,794 577,108 669,055 November 626,332 809,077 December 349,013 441 412 NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION The Growers' Cooperative Branches at: Hanson, Massachusetts North Harwich, Massachusetts Coquille, Oregon Onset, Massachusetts Bordentown, New Jersey Markham, Washington Plymouth, Massachusetts North Chicago, Illinois Long Beach, Washington Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page PREVIOUS..............Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine October, 1950 NEXT................Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine December, 1950 GO TO INDEX
Object Description
Title | Cranberries - The National Cranberry Magazine, 1950-11 |
Subject | Cranberries - The Magazine; |
Type | Text |
Format | image/pdf; |
Identifier | 5011CRAN.pdf |
Rights | 2008 Wetherby Cranberry Library; |
Submitting Institution | Wetherby Cranberry Library; |
Date Digitized | 2000-11-14 |
Coverage-Spatial | Cape Cod; New Jersey; Wisconsin; Oregon; Washington |
Coverage-Temporal | 1950-1959; |
Creator | Bob Taylor; Carolyn Gilmore; Carolyn Laban; Irving Demoranville; Phillip E. Marucci; Elizabeth G. Carpenter; I. V. Hall; Arthur Poole; Azmi Y. Shawa, Tod D. Planer; Dan Brockman; Joan E. Humphrey |
Date | 1950-11 |
Date Last Updated | 2008-11-10 |
Language | English |
Relation | Cranberries - The National Cranberry Magazine |
Description | The magazine entitled, “Cranberries – The National Cranberry Magazine,” describes grower information, regional news, and developments in the cranberry industry in the United States and Canada. |
Format-Medium | Magazine; |
Publisher | Clarence J. Hall |
Digitizer | Stosh Jonjak |
Description
Subject | Cranfest; Recipes |
Type | Image |
Format | Image/jpeg |
Rights | 2008 Wetherby Cranberry Library |
Submitting Institution | Wetherby Cranberry Library |
Date Digitized | 2008-07-22 |
Coverage-Spatial | Warrens, Wisconsin |
Creator | Cranfest; Warrens Cranberry Festival |
Date Last Updated | 2008-10-15 |
Language | English |
Relation | cranfest recipe brochures |
Description | For more photographs like this one, visit the Cranberry Library Photostream on Flickr at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cranberrylibrary/sets/ |
Format-Medium | brochure |
Publisher | Cranfest; Warrens Cranberry Festival |
Transcript | SERVING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY :H^-"t^, CRANBERRYKAGA ::x^ri::::::::i:~:::I:-·:,:j:·j::ji:: j:::::::r::::::·::·:-:;:;::::::::: fc :~:::::::::::::::l:: ^fl^^^^H^^s: ·W m::i:-:-:·:·::::::::::::::::::::::::: i: a ri·:·^r, *di~ii:.~i:::~:#:ilk~ ................ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::: ............ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ............~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :iii~~:8888:i1:IIII~~~ ........ .... ......R ....... .............. .. ~i::~~ii::::ii:i::::::: . :::::::::. . ...... :r~~ii~~~i:::3~iii~~i:...... ....~~~iii~jiP ·.. ........ ...........i.~ ... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W:::~:::;~':::::::::::................. ...ii~~i;~l ............ ............~iiii~i(CRANBERRIES ......Cents :,i...... ..... November. Phot( ~~:3~~~~:isi:~~~~~~~:i~~~~i~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .............. :::::r. ......... '*^f /i~~~~~ilii~~~liiiiiiiiiiiii~~~~~~i^^^hi~~~iii~~imim^^^^l^Bhi~iiiiifflffliiihlli —. CA P COD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ilili JERSEY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'::::::: NEW ~~ 8#8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ xo: ~ ~ ........ R::::::::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~....... .~ .oes ~e.... A. Gen Wiscnsins.Miwes D ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ........ ........ ........ ......... CN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"~:i::i::::::::::::::::::: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ VVISOS1W ----------~ ~ ~ ~ ........... ............. ....... ......... :::::i:::::::::iX~~~~j~~ii:::::::::::::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ O R EGONO ................... ·5 ::::::::'::'::': ......... ~:~~i:::::l::::::::':::::::::::::::;:::;;:: .......................t:; ..... .....................................i::··:: ::::: :: ~··I ·::::::::::::::::::::::::· ................. .............. ........... ................. .......... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::: ~~~VGNIM ............. ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iii~~ii~tiiiiii~~ ISOS . .. Leo. A. Sorenson Gen. Mgr. Wisconsin's Midwest :I::::::::::::::I: ST :-r k .n -'We Two More Queens As this goes to press the Cranberry Queen of the Wareham, (Mass.) American Legion Post is about to have the selection coro- nation, and harvest ball, with a footbball game in the afternoon and a parade of floats. The win- ner of this contest will be the one sent to New York by New England Cranberry Sales. Ban- don area (Oregon) has also held its similar event. |-INTERESTED- in buying or leasing Wisconsin Cranberry property. High quality Searles Jumbo, McFarlin and Howes vines for sale. Vernon Goldsworthy 936 Memorial Drive Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin expect to have some photo- graphs and accounts in the next issue. ----. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAINE I i I _ Morris April Bros or Ap l r Bridgeton TuckahoeIN NewJersey Apples Cranberries Peaches .rnodohGR~owERs AND GROWERS AND SHIPPERS I n -l—......... — . i.- Edwin K. Greer Co. WAREHAM, MASS. Est. 1891 Tel. Wareham 108 PIONEERS RETAILERS OF BUILDING MATERIALS BUILDING MATERIALS CATERING To The CRANBERRY INDUSTRY LUMBER DRAIN PIPE woWOOD PRESERVERS BOLTS TOOLS -____ Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Beans Satisfaction p ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM,MASS. Thanksgiving- May it be a Happy Day to You. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company (A Cooperative) WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN ADAMS & GOULD Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints-Hardware Middleborough Trust Company MIDDLEBORO MASS. of Member The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Wareham Savings Bank and Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Accounts Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 Cape & Vineyard Electric Company Offices:- |Offices: Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Vineyard Haven Hall & Cole Established 1848 C~mmiZ~:Or~r~hantS Commission and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. |APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers BRICCS & STRATTON, CLINTON, WISCONSIN, CLITON, and HRCUNSI W aldH ENGINES Expert Workmanship Only Genuine Parts used |Engine Driven Generators For Emergency Portable and All Applications Power MVlowers and Tractors Serviced _ Alan Pinten C. Established 1922 Tel. 334 HANOVER, MASS. H. R. Bailey Co. South Carver Carverchants Massachusetts WE ARE TAKING ORDERS FOR CRANBERRY EQUIPMENT- The National Bank of Wareham Cranberry men |Conveniently located for Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service l Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. ........ . ..........--.....wateor . ..... .-. . Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIEt by'.T iCHA~iT R BA Extension Cranberry SpecialistThe Director Fred J. Sievers, Head of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station since 1928, retired November 1, 1950. His many duties included the super- vision of the Cranberry Experi- ment Station. Under his able ad- ministration, the work and facil- ities of the Cranberry Experiment Station were considerably expand- ed. He has cooperated closely with the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association and its many activities. Cranberry growers have found Director Sievers to be a real fliend .f the ..... tr, ... .l friend of the industry. We all wish him well. Hectic Harvest Massachusetts cranberry growers have produced another fine crop. The harvest was completed by late October, after a hectic fall. Not only was there a large crop, but labor was scarce, and frost warn- ings were plentiful. Incidentally, on the evening of October 26, tem- peratures of 10° were recorded. Fortunately, or unfortunately, de- pending upon one's point of view, frost damage is reported to be only 4%. This is rather remarkable, since water supplies were critically low, and still are for that matter. Twenty-four frost warnings were released, as compared with a single warning last fall. It is understood, of course, that these frost warn- ings act merely as a guide, indi- eating the temperatures the cooler- than-average bogs may realize on a particular night. Expansion of Warning Service The responsibility of deciding when a warning should be released is really terrific. Dr. Franklin has handled this tremendous task with remarkable success for many years, as most growers know. However, unless a grower has "sat in" on one of the frost sessions at the ~tate bog, it would be difficult for Two R~y^X him to appreciate the time and effort involved. It is a seven-day week job for at least two months in the spring and another two months in the fall. The work had its beginning in 1910, when weather instruments were purchased and Dr. Franklin began collecting data. By 1915, he had collected sufficient data to make certain preliminary fore- casts. In 1920, a regular frost warning service was established. Several men helped organize the telephone frost warning relay sys- sfrom tem, but Chester Vose was the leader. "Chet" Vose made a very real contribution to the industry during the many years that he supervised the telephone warning service, sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation. Dr. Franklin, however, is still the man behind the scenes upon whose judgment the forecast is based. His weather studies, com- piled after years of study, are available in bulletin form to all growers and are invaluable to the industry. Floodin Reminder Flooding Reminder Growers are reminded that it ison. nearly time to flood new bogs for the winter. Let's hope that water supplies are considerably more plentiful by late November than at present (November 3). Dr. Frank- lin recommends that new bogs be flooded for the winter as soon as the ground begins to freeze in or- der to avoid heaving of the newly- set vines. The following caution on surplus water is quoted from Bulletin 447: "The surplus water must be let off at times of thaws or heavy rains in winter or early spring. If this is neglected with vines frozen into the ice, the raising of the ice will pull them out of the ground. The first three years the should be let off about May 5. Earlier removal exposes the plants to possible frost heaving." Mature or bearing bogs are usually flowed about December 1, or as soon as the sand surface re mains frozen all day. To quote again from the above bulletin: water should be held just "The water should be held deep enough to cover the vines. It is often best to let the highest points stick out a little where the bog is much out of level." Pre-cooling of Cranberries Prof.Earle Cox, of the Agricultual Engineering Department, and Dr. F. B. Chandler are carrying on a very interesting experiment on pre-cooling of cranberries. The purpose of this experiment is to l learn how the removal of field heat ing ali Te affect the keep ing quality. The berries taken the bog are placed in bins, and air is forced through them by ans of lrg f . eTemperature means of large fans. Temperature of the fruit was taken as it was brought in from the bogs. Read ings as high as 14 were recorded. The results in this work may be very enlightening in future handling of our crop Growers will also be interested in another experiment supervised by Dr. Chandler. A comparison of hand scooping versus mechanical pickers is being made to determine the damage to the fruit. We have had many inquiries concerning this County Agents "Lew" Norwood and Oscar Johnson and the writer attended a three-day Marketing School held in Amherst in early October. This was the third annual Marketing School held for Extension people. The school this year featured the retailer and his problems. It was an excellent pro gram, and we believe the time was well spent. Just a final reminder: The annual Production and Marketing Outlook Conference will be held November 29-30 at the University of Massachusetts. The cranberry industry need.s the support of its growers at this important conference. DirectorMasuntil of Director of Mass. Extension Service oic • pRetires -—_ A brief resume of the years of service of Dr. F. J. Sievers, who retires as di rector of Massachusetts AgriculturalExperiment Station. When F. J. Sievers was invited in 1928 by President Thatcher' of the University of Massachusetts to become Director of the Agricul- tural Experiment Station, he was Head of the Department of Soils at the State College of Washing- ton where he had established him- self as an authority on the manage- ment of arid and irrigated soils. It was through his findings that a consistent and logical relationship was recognized between soil nitro- gen and soil organic matter, and this fundamental truth is now ac- cepted in all practical efforts to maintain the organic matter of our soils, a significant objective in deal- ing with one of our greatest nat- ural resources. Also, he was cred- ited with producing convincing evi- dence that soil nitrogen and not moisture, contrary to the former belief, was the immediate limiting factor in crop production in the great grain-producing areas of the country. What primarily aroused only skepticism is now universally adopted, due to the strong support in his numerous research publica- tions. His critical and analytical attitude, so essential to progress in research, expressed itself also n his attitude attitude educational his toward progress in general, and it was be- the retirement of Dr. Fernald from the directorship of the Grad- Cuate School when he was invited to take on that responsibility and to relinquish the deanship of the' School of Agriculture. Since 1932 he has served as both Director of the Agricultural Ex- periment Station and of the Grad- uate School. In both of these WESTERN PICKERS, INC Coos Bay, Oregon1172 Hemlock Avenue The Government reports show that there is now less than 2,000 000 unemployed in the United States. We soon will have over 2,000,000 in the Army. Where is next years labor coming from? foundibul i-ii found plenty of opportunities to break with tradition, and this he has been especially eager and ready to do when, in his judgment, tradition came in conflict with pro- gress. His firm belief that educa- tion stopped when complacency or smugness appeared, and that a teacher is not recognized or even interesting because of only what he knows, but rather for what he thinks, and that a sense of humor is the best evidence that the teach- er or investigator possesses the imagination necessary for effective service were a few of the principles to which he ardently adhered. Before going to the State Col- lege of Washington, he had for eight years served public educa- tion in Wisconsin, his native state, both in the public schools and also at the University and from the latter he holds a Bachelor's and a Master's degree. Mrs. Sievers is also a native of Wisconsin, and there are three children: Jeanette, direcprice children' Jeanette, director of per sonnel work with a mercantile es- ta9blishment at Greensboro, North tablishment at Greensboro, North Carolina; Howard, in charge of sales for the northeastern regionof the Lederle Laboratories at Bos- fields of educational endeavor helabor wages in Coos Common labor wages in Coos Bay, Oregon, have tripled to $1.85 per hour in five years. Wage increases are on order all over the United States. Unless cranberry prices raise in proportion, how can you produce cranberries at a profit unless you cut labor costs? The war effort with its rationing of scarce materials is rushing down upon us. Now that the Western Picker has proved that it is the only mecnical craberry that picker will pick in all the producing areas, and just as we were preparing to expand our production, we are threatened with being unablbe to produce our picker because we use too many war critical materials. Even if we get priorities on agricultural machinery, it will be too late for Government allocation boards to be set up and be smooth- operating, in tim for Western Pickers to get anywhere when the big squeeze is on. Th only way out is to g these materials now while we still can. To do this, we need money. To get money we are allowing a $160.00 discount from our finished of $1050.00, making a price cef er8 o if d the i,95090 lat year that we are goin the last year that we are going to make such a price reduction (and may have to raise it later.) or a complete price lst show- payment seethe October issue of "CRAN BERRIES". The most important thing for you to decide now is what are your chances ofof remaining in the Cran chances in the Cra berry Industry during the next berry Industry during the next few years You can't do it by pay- i h elp! Without a Western Picker to cut your costs to the bone, your chances of coming out even will be less and less. Your best bet will be to order one or more pickers now while there is a good chance of getting them. (ADVT) Three cause of this broad interest in edu-ton and Frederick, representative cation that he was requested soonpartial soon of the Highway Users Association after his arrival to serve also as for the Washington area at Washd Dean of the School of Agriculture. in ton D. C. In that dual capacity he continued n V aI t.I A1 E 0 CONV EYIIER and ^T1N1 A ^~ TRACK Aorganizer ____~_~_ Mr. Sievers has always been in- an c 1afs.At p . hTe and civic affairs. At present he is Vice-President of the Board of Directors of the Cooley-Dickinson Hospital. He was active in estab-| ^lishingCommunity or- the Chest ganization in Amherst, and was and director of its first self-conducted financial campaign. He served as chairman of the com- by the Amherst ARLINGTON, 74 MASS. Selectmen that made the final and Box 36 effective recommendation for the Frost Insecticide Co. |mittee appointed (Continued on Page 13) V sl>Ot4AL CRANBERRY M4G4, ISSUE OF NOV. 1950-VOL. 15 NO. 7 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS MASSACHUSETTS Harvest Over Massachusetts cranberry crop was still being estimated at about 600,000 barrels, both by the New England Crop Reporting Service in the release issued October 12th and bygrowers in the cranberry area at the end of harvest. By October 1 Early Blacks had been largely picked and growers were starting on the Lates. A frost was indicated on October 25th and a check by the Frost Warning Service revealed that all but about half a dozen growers had completed harvest and of these few, they had only a few hours or a day or so of picking re- maining. Some growers ran over their estimates, and general opinion was that the preliminary August estimate would be just about reached. October brought many good picking days and the harvest was speeded up more than was anticipated early in the season when damp weather was hindering. The estimate of 600,000 barrels, which is 15 er cent larger than the 1949. production and 29 per cent above the 10-year average, was not expected to have decreased. s nt ed to he d d because of frost losses, which were because of frost losses, whih we still standing at 4 per cent, or still standing, at 4 per cent, or 24,000 barrels. Over-runs by some ver-rus b sme growers made up the difference. Frost The most severe frost of the season was on the morning of the 16th when the uplands were whit- ened, but there was probably but slight loss. A 19 was recorded at the State Bog, 14 at.the Greene, Rhode Island bog, and from 17 to 22 at various other points in the Southeastern cranberry area. Four Rainfall Slight The rainfall for the entire month of October as recorded at the State Bog, East Wareham, was but .129 inches. Growers are becoming ap- prehensive about their winter floods. However, there were 2.01 inches on Nov. 4, 5, which certain- ly helped that much. The temperature of the month was definitely above normal. WISCONSIN ' The harvest was over in Wis- consin by October 30th with an estimate by "Del" C. Hammond that the crop would run about 200,000 barrels. The size of ber- ries is below average, and the qual- ty was fairly good. Color excel- lent. Budding on such marshes as Mr. Hammond had seen did not seem to be too good or next year's crop. The prospect looked below average. The weather was very dry, with scarcely any rain in the past six weeks. NEW JERSEY October 1950 WeatherOctober was the first month since December, 1929, show- month since December, 1929, show ing an average daily mean temper- ature above the normal at Pember- ton. The temperature averaged 58.1 degrees compared to the nor- ° mal of 56.2 , Rainfall was below the average for the fifth consecutive month, with 2.82 inches recorded, instead of the normal 3.46 inches for Oc- tober at Pemberton. With this cooler and drier than normal weather throughout the growing season, it is not surprising that the quality of the New Jersey cranberry crop is the best of many seasons, because this combination CompiledbyC. J.H. of weather conditions no doubt sup pressed field rots to a marked de gree. Crop Above Average Not only is the quality of the crop better than average, but the size of the crop is above average. This is due to several factors such as an almost complete absence of damaging spring or fall frosts, less loss from rot fungi, and to the rest which the bogs had been getting because of smaller-than-average crops during the two previous seaons Frost-Fall frost damage has been negligible. Of the eight warnings that were sent out during the fall, none proved to be severe for the time that they occurred, with the exception of the frost on the night of September 24, when a few unprotected Early' Blacks were frozen, and the night of October 26 when most of the crop was harvested. Harvesting operations were about 95/ completed at the close of October. A scarcity of scoopers and an unusual number of cloudy, damp mornings hampered scooping throughout the season. Blueberry Prospects Blueberry crop prospects for 1951 look good, if fruit bud formation is a good criterion. There was enough moisture during the summer and fall to allow maturing of the crop and vigorous new growth with plenty of good fruit buds. Limited observations of cranberry fruit bud formation are that they are about average. Personals W. E. (Bill) Tomlinson,Jr., of the N. J. Cranberry and Blueberry (Continued on Page 12) I ^^ Ci^lx\A/ * s ~enson, Leo Sorenson, Wisconsin s Mid-West Manager Has Widespread Area To Cover His Group is Spread Over 700-Mile Circuit-Mostly largerGrowers, with Strong Percentage of Searls Jumbo-He Was Marine Officer in Last War-Hopes to Own BogEventually. ~ByCLARENCE J. HALL By-______ CA E A trip around the circuit to visit all the members of the Midwest Cranberry Cooperative in Wisconsin entails a journey of about 700 miles for Leo A. Sorenson, general manager of the group. This is because the 44 members of Midwest are spread out pretty much over the entire cranberry-growing area of the state. And from the first of May until the first of September, Mr. Sorenson is busy much of the time in field work for the membership, covering this wide-spread territory. But Mr. Sorenson's shoulders are broad (he is 6 ft., 2 inches tall, weighing an athletic 210 lbs.) and he finds the work "extremely interesting". When he isn't on the road he is at the Midwest headquarters, which is one of the most modern and handsome structures whom he married in December 1946. She was the former CoverAla. The two meoft aBirminghm,t Gua-m in the Pacific during the war, where Mrs. Sorenson was serving in the NavyNursing Corps. In 1946 the Midwest Cranberry Association, then a new organiza^ tion, last spring becoming a class "A" member of the American Cranberry Exchange) decided it had to have a suitable headquartes for its activities and proceeded to build a handsome brick and glass structure at · 3212th Ave. structure 32-12th So in the Rapids. About one-third f its membership is in Wood Coun which Wisconsin Rapids is county seat. Handsome Midwest Building This building is 120 feet long by 50 feet deep, one story. At one end is a greenhouse 20 feet long for experimental purposes. There are three offices, one for the general manager, one for Mr. Bain, and a third which was used the last two years by the Wisconsin frost forecaster during the frost season. There is a meeting, or conference room with a seating capacity for 100 and a big storage room. The office-laboratory and the greenhouse has given Mr. Bain ee needed quarters and equip- are well kept and are plant- kept ad ae I.ed with beds of flowers. ed with beds of flowers. Sorenson manages all the office executive work as well as his field trips. He is assisted by Royal Roberts, bookkeeper, who came with the company in July, 1949. Wisconsin has made tremendous strides in production, as the industry is well aware. Sorenson be lieves the first reason for the in crease in Wisconsin's production per acre is due to better methods of water handling; growers in general do not hold the winter flood. so late; secondly, y tot-better fertilizer uses; third, to the effective use of weed killers; fourth, to bet ter control with modern insecticides and fungicides in both ground and air work and fifth to the use of tame honey bees to aid in pollination. He also points to satisfactory insect control, when needed, with DDT and the sprays applied with five in the Cranberry Industry. This Midwest group is made up mostly of the larger growers of Wisconsin, so many of the marshes are among the biggest. The total acreage is now about 1300 acres. This year Midwest expected a pro- duction of about 120,000 barrels. Highest to date was in 1948, when the group harvested 120,000 on about 1200 acres, or approximately at the rate of 100 barrels to the ~~~~acre.~ acre.'in ~in . Sixty per cent of this acreage is in the Searls Jumbo variety, which is the native Wisconsin fruit that is teWsnative n ft tt has chiefly so upped the production s state. t has chief ue tha McFrlins Howes and Natives make up the Hobalance of the acrea e uprenn feels that Searls when well man- aged .can be improved a good deal agedbe can ed g deal i a in keeping quality, that they can be mad.e to stand up well. He has shipped Searls in February that were harvested in Septemberu He were harvested in September.t He advocates the intelligent use of ctese ineigen e o fungicides, recommending fugdes, te use recomending the use of Bordeaux exclusively and fertilized to push up the rate of pro- lized to push up the rate of pro- '~ducti.on. ^ . Sorenson came into the Wiscon- sin picture in the summer of 1946 when he did apprenticeship work under Henry F. Bain, learning the scientific-and the practical side, too, of cranberry growing. But he was no complete stranger to the. cranberry industrly. He was Midwest Midwest StrongBothonoftmuch provided Strong on Searls excellent background knowledge a short distance south of Wiscon- Sin Rapids and on the edge of the born in Necedah, which is a town man cranberry district. His fath- er he describes as a small town nker there He was graduated from Needah high school in 1938 and then entered the University of Wisconsn at Madison maoring in entomology with his minor work soils, being graduated in 1942. graduatedin1942. Both of these interests for the business of cranberry cteul z . or~~~~~lawns ture. Marine Officer-in Last War The war took up his time be- tween then and 1946. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He served in three invasions, in- cluding Okinawa. He has two let- ters of commendation and three battle stars. His outfit was the 4th Marine regiment and it was the initial troops to land in Japan. He left the service with the rating of first lieutenant and is a member of the Marine Corps reserve. He had been interested in the possibilities of a cranberry career before the war, and after his dis- charge from service decided to make it his business. After his preliminary training under Mr. Bain he went back to the Univer- sity for a refresher and then came to the full-time employ of the Mid- west. Sorenson makes his home in Wisconsin Rapids, with Mrs. SQo- the long booms which many Wis consin growers have applied to their ground sprayers. Midwest also published the first insect and fertilizer chart ever put out in Wisconsin, this being revised and kept up to date. Hopes to be Grower Himself One reason for Sorenson going into cranberry work is that he likes the outdoors. His hobbies are hunting and fishing and there is plenty of opportunity for both in that sportsmen's state, provided he can find the time. Sorenson's job with Midwest is a full-time occu- pation, but "in time", he says, "it is my ambition to have a marsh of my own." - "JOE" STANKAVICH Cranberry growers of the Pacific Coast were saddened by the sud- den death of "Joe" A. Stankavich of Langlois, Oregon. They will miss his friendly interest in all that pertains to cranberry grow- ing. His father J. F. Stankavich was once a grower at Three Lakes, Wisconsin and the interest of the father was readily acquired by the three sons, Mike, Matt and Joe. The three sons together in- vented the basic ideas for the Western Picker. It was their father who did the test work which developed the Stankavich variety of cranberry. Joe attended the Bandon schools. Between 1915 and 1920 he drove a stage coach between Gold Beach and Coos Bay. Later he en- gaged in fishing off the coast with his brothers who owned their own boats. During the early part of Word War II he was associated with engineers in mineral research work. He was the first manager of the Ocean Spray cannery at Coquille, but resigned to take over the construction of the Cape Blanco bog for M. L. Urann which was later sold to the Kranicks. The past year he has been acting as Fire Warden for the Forestry Service. He was born at Three Lakes, Oct. 16, 1894 and was brought to the est Coast by his parents in ':22. They moved to Bandon in 1905. lie was married to Alice M. Fish in 1922. .Six Distributing Fertilizer By Airplane C. A. DOEHLERT* N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station Cranberry growers are especially interested in fertilizing by airplane because this method prevents damage caused by walking or driving upon the cranberry vines. Several growers have already fertilized by air to their own satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to report an experiment designed to obtain information on the uniformity, or lack of uniformity, of spread and the "sortingout" effect on the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash as the material drops through the air. Observation during the past two seasons demonstrated clearly that the larger particles fell near the center of the plane's swath, while the smaller particles travelled farther laterally. This suggested, the possibility that one ingredient such as nitrogen or potash might fall more abundantly in one part of the swath and less abundantly in another part. It was also felt that a study of this would, enable us to compute the widest practical swath that can be covered with satisfactory uniformity by one trip of the airplane across a field. It seemed advisable also not to confine the tests to one fertilizer formulation. Accordingly the fer- tilizers used were 7-7-7, 5-10-10, 5-10-5, and 3-12-6. Cooperation by Fertilizer Manufacturers and the Aviator The fertilizers used were ob- tained from five different manu- facturers. It was proposed by the author that the results of this ex- periment should be made public in a general way but that the names of the manufacturers would not be reported, in this first pre- liminary test. Each manufacturer, however, was to get the specific results obtained with his own fer- tilizer. This arrangement was deemed desirable by the author solely because the method of ex- perimentation is new, our tech- niques will need improvement, and the experiment will need to be re- peated several times before we know how reliable the data are. What appears to be true in this preliminary report will undoubtedly have to be somewhat altered when the experiment has been repeated a number of times. The author wishes to take this opportunity to express his appreci- ation for the manufacturers' co- operation. It should also be men- tioned that the Cherry Brothers' Flying Service at Pemberton . J. contributed their services with- charge Papr of Joura eries, New ^ the 'Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University-the State University of New Jersey, Department of Hortiul- Methods Four brands of 7-7-7 fertilizer, two brands of 5-10-10, two brands f 5-10-5, and one brand of 3-12-6 were used. Of the above nine mixtures, two were pellitized and seven were regular commercial fertilizers. Squares of shade cloth 6 feet by 6 feet were made into frames with light wooden cleats 1/4 inch thick on each side of the fabric. On two opposite sides of the square the cleats were fastened by bolts and wing nuts. This was a convenience that made it possible to roll up the frames for transportation. More important still, the frame could be unclamped on one side of the square and the collected fertilizer could be jostled down upon a piece of cardboard, which greatly expedited the procedure of collecting the fertilizer from a considerable number of frames in a short time. To conduct the test on any one particular fertilizer, two rows of 8 of these frames, placed in close contact, were set up at right angles to the line of the airplane's travel. These two rows were roughly 100 feet apart (see figure 1). The frames were supported by 8-inch flower pots turned upside down so that the plants growing under neath did not affect the level sur face of the shade cloth. The fer tilizer to be tested was loaded into a commercial dusting plane, and the pilot made a single trip across he field, releasing about 200 pounds of the fertilizer per acre and en- deavoring to pass directly over the central point of each line of frames. Observers estimated that the plane generally flew 12 to 20 feet above the ground. As soon as the application was made, the fertilizer from each frame was carefully removed and. placed in an individually labelled container. The frames were then reassembled and ready for the next test. All tests reported here were made in one afternoon when the weather was calm. Quality of Fertilizer Distributed Per Unit of Area In all the tests, one of the two middle frames received the heav- lest deposit of material. This frame we have designated as the "central position". The frame to the left and, that to the right of the central position we have designated "2nd position". The next adjacent frames left and right we have designated "3rd position", and ~~~~~theleft andnextright two the next two frames left and "4th position". Thus we have one frame for the central position, two frames for the 2nd position, two frames for the 3rd position, and two frames for the 4th position. The one remaining frame is dis- carded. (See fig. 1) Table 1 shows the amount of fer- tilizer deposited per frame for each position. Table 2. Since for a single trip or flight it is impossible for the pilot to adjust his hopper to pro- duce an exact distribution per acre, we have for every test consid.ered the deposit on the central frame as a satisfactory amount per acre and have called it "100." The amount deposited in each of the other positions has been calculated in terms of 100 for the central po- sition. These figures are given in table 2. It will be seen from table 2 that the first 8 tests exhibit a generally uniform behavior with an average of 100 units deposited in the central position and 60, 17 and 6 units in the second, third, and fourth positions respectively. In test 9, the amounts deposited on each side of the central frame dropped off less sharply. Here is a distribution pattern that is much more desirable. It seems probable that the explanation for this dif- FIGURE 1. Arrangement of Fabric Squares for Sampling Fertilizer Dropped byAirplane, with Designation of "Positions". I I 4 th 3d 2 d CENTRAL 2d 3d 4th POSITIN — [L_ .. - I[j , I{ I 100 ft 1 I h ~ m t 3d ENTRAL 3 D p i L Note that the central position was actually determined by the heaviest deposit. This may shift because of deviation in the plane's travel, as shown above, or because of air movements. framesA ATABLE 1 Average Amount of Fertilizer Deposited per Frame in Grams Material 2nd 3rd 4th tested Central Position Position Position 1 157 77.5 25 7.75 1 123 73 20.5 8.0 3 182 90.75 14 7.25 4 199 120.25 38.25 12.0 5 209.5 141.25 45.5 13.25 6 83.5 53.25 14.75 5.25 7 101 69 18 6.5 8 67.5 42.5 14.25 5 9 133.5 101.5 50.75 20.5 TABLE 2 Relative Deposits Per Frame When Central Frame is Considered 100 Material 2nd 3rd 4th tested Central Position Position Position Notes I 100 49 16 5 2 100 60 17 7 3 100 50 8 4 Poorest of 1st 8 4 100 60 19 6 5 100 67 22 6 Best of 1st 8 6 100 64 18 7 100 69 18 6 8 100 63 21 1 Average Much better of first 8 100 60 17 6 than any of the 9 100 76 38 15 1st 8. ference can be determined No. 9. It shows the pattern of Figure 2 illustrates graphically combined deposits with material the least desirable distribution No. 9, if the plane were making a test 3) and the most desirable dis-trip only every 24 feet. Even at tribution (No. 5) of the first 8 this wider spacing of airplane trips tests. These distributions are cal-or runs, material No. 9 produces a culated on the basis of a flight more even coverage than the best across the bog every 18 feet. of the first 8 materials with runs Figure 3 illustrates the unusually 18 feet apart. This would mean good distribution obtained in test that with material No. 9 theair- Sevep FIGURE 2. Theoretical Combination of Fertilizer Coverages due to Overlapping tent. which 'would occur if Plane Flights were 18 Feet apart. Based on Tests 1 to 8 Only. Material 3, variation of Nand K content. .. Material 5, variation of K con- FIRST I Material 6, variation of P and K content. Material 9, which was outstand..............':: uniform quantity de ';.ing for the IiST OF: B posited in all positions, is also out- FIRSTS6I M _ _ I IIi 11ii standing for uniform composition ; Columns indicate the amounts of fertilizer dropped upon bands 6 feet wide as if cf material deposited. viewed in cross section. All blocks shaded the same way are deposits from one flight across the bog. Observe that in the upper graph there are two shallow total cover-Since four of the nine materials ages for every full coverage, whereas in the lower graph there is relatively little performed atisfactorily in reg difference between the various total coverages. i to any "sorting-out" effect, the FIGURE 3. Theoretical Combination of Fertilizer Coverages due to Overlapping problem of change of composition with Material No. 9, which would occur if the Plane Flights were 24 feet apart. of fertilizer deposited on the bog is MATE R I L 1iuu uw.......ii, : l 11 :::: -............... .. '.i..... not nearly so serious as that of the Note that coverages are more uniform than with the better of the two materials Nine fertilizer formulations dis- shown in Figure 2, even though the plane flights here are spaced 6 feet farther apart. tributed by airplane were tested TABLE 3 Analyses of Fertilizer Deposited in the Central Second and Third uniformity of distribution to Positions (figures in 2nd decimal place omitted) each side of the line of travel of the airplane. Material Pc. Nitrogen Percent Phosphorus Percent Potash No. Cent. 2nd. 3rd. Cent. 2nd. 3rd. Cent. 2nd. 3rd. The investigation was planned to 1 >*7.6 7.0 8.4 7.8 7.5 7.9 7.3 7.5 6.5 determine (1) the quantity of total 2 7.0 7.2 7.5 8.1 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.3 7.0 fertilizer mixture deposited per 3 *6.0 6.5 6.6 8.0 8.4 7.6 :7.7 8.4 7.5 unit of area and (2) changes of 54 9.8 50' 6.6 91.7 5.6 7.4 proportion of each ingredient, i. 8.3 505.7 6.0 e., 5 5.0 5.0 5.0 9.1 9.1 9.1 "'10.0 10.6 9.7 6 5.1 4.8 5.4 ' 12. 3 11.7 10.9 8. 3 9.0 10.1 did the proportion of N, P, and K 7 5.9 5.8 5.7 12.3 12.0 12.3 e.1 8.3 8.3 vary when the deposit under the 8 5.2 5.2 5.4 12.5 ,12.3 11.8 4.4 4.6 5.2 plane was compared to the deposit 9 3.2 2.9 2.9 13.3 13.2 13.3 6.5 6.5 6.8 6 or 12 feet to either side? **Deposits so marked are considered to show a serious "sorting-out" effect. The fertilizer dropped from the was collected two rows plane would cover in 30 trips an data let us assume for the present the airplane on of frames, each frame 6 feet square. area which would require 40 trips that a difference of less than 0.5 , each -ui > -, .. , were in each row. ~~~~There 8 frames with a fertilizer represented by the for the second position, compared first 8 samples. Before adopting to the central position, is not of he f of te e r the ., the .0 6 6. 6 8 . the flight of the plane crossed any practical -conclusion of this practical importance. We will con- 4 " ^o: .~^ u i ~ pcentral point of each row. sort, we want to see whether re-sider as important, therefore, only peated tests produce the same re-those differences between central Materials 1 to 8, inclusive, had a suit and whether thee material pro-and second position amounting to generally similar pattern of distriduces any unfavorable effect on the 0.5 or more. We may also assume bution as to quantity deposited per cranberry foliage. that a variation in the third posi-unit area. To obtain a satisfactory Composition of Fertilizer Deposited tion is of much less importance fertilizer applicatin with these The second important objective than in the second position, simply materials, the airplane trips would was to learn whether the compo-because of the smaller quantity de-have to be spaced 18 feet apart. sition of fertilizer deposited direct-posited, in the third position. There were definite "sorting out" effe with cerals.o t the ly under the plane was any differ-According to the standards just cts with of the 9 materials. ent from that deposited to one side. mentioned, it will be seen from Material 9, which was outstand- The samples collected from the table 3 that four materials per-in for uniformity of quantity de- central, second, and third positions formed satisfactorily as to the posited, was also outstanding for wtere analyzed for nitrogen (N), composition of the fertilizer depos-uniformity of composition of the phosphorus (P), and, potash (K). ited in different positions. They material deposited. No analyses were made for collec-are materials 2, 7, 8, and 9. With material 9, the quantity lions in the fourth position because For the five that did show a deposited per unit area decreased the quantity deposited there was serious "sorting-out" effect, the less rapidly with the distance to usually too small to be of signifi-variations are marked with a dou-the right or left of the line of * ^ . ~~~~~~~~~travel.this material the cance. ble asterisk in table 2 and they are With plane could make its trips 24 feet Table 3 shows the complete ana-as follows: d hapart and still produce a satisfac lytical data. In conparing these Material 1, variation of N con-(Continued on Page 12) Eight i ISSUE OF NOVEMBER 1950 ^ ^ ^ Vol. 15 No. 7 rHERE'S LIFE IN THE OLD DOG, YET THE final results of this season's harvest, which means returns to the growers, still hangs in the balance. As this goes to press, the balance, we understand, is more favorable. But we are very much encour aged by the fact that, insofar as we know, most of the growers are hanging on to their bogs, except those who were forced to give up to keep body and soul together. In other words, we feel that the indus- try continues to have fortitude and to be confident that even though 1950 will prob- ably not be too good a year there remains life in the old dog yet, and by that we mean the cranberry industry as a total. IN DEFENSE OF QUEENS WE have heard many a comment that the cranberry industry is nutty to pay so much emphasis to the selections and coronations of "cranberry queens" and the fall harvest festivals. One argument has been that the same amount of money and effort put into straight selling work would be of.more benefit to the cranberry grow- ers. We have kind of thought so ourselves, at times. Then again, to think a little further this is quite definitely a form of sales effort. It certainly makes a good many people conscious of cranberries. This must have been true, for instance, at that mammoth "Cranboree" out in'Wisconsin, with 20,000 people witnessing the festivities. Some of these buy cranberries, whereas otherwise they probably would not, and some never had before, so if our fruit is as good as we believe it is they will continue to eat cran- berries. At any rate, these festivals are harm- less, pleasant affairs, possible in a free country. Each is of interest to the com- munity and group which sponsors it. If we have one gripe, it is that there is never one queen who is really undisputed queen of the entire industry. Long live the Queens! AN interesting paper was read at a meet- ing of the National Academy of Science in Schenectady, which stated that evidence had been presented that systematic silver iodine seeding in New Mexico since last CRANBERRIES-WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Subscription $3.00 per year Advertis rates upon application Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL EDITH S. HALL-Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin c. D.HAMMOND, Jr. Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin _ Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, M. E. TOMLINSON, JR. New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey December has caused marked differences of the large-scale weather pattern through out the Eastern United States. Dr. Irving Langmuir of the General Electric Company said that seeding of the clouds in attempts to cause rain had brought about reports in eastward regions showing regular rainfalls in the early part of each week (when the seeding was done) which were not in the normal pattern. The seeding takes place from ground generators and the silver iodine rises high into the atmosphere and the particles then may travel eastward with the prevailing winds until right conditions are encountered to induce rain, when the rainfall is "triggered" off and a storm begins. Then a chain reaction may follow and the rain spreads by itself. Truly we live in a wonderful age. Nine Above Showing how end of boom is operated from truck on a dike. Opposite page, top, showing entire boom andtrucks, moving over a bed of Cutler Cranberry Company; lower, operator of clipper, moving across section as he mows swath. • '. -... .': s ate in swaoheiator,riding' "Brooklyn Bridge" Wisconsin's Unique Contribution To Industry -as.....it stretches across the bed, is trucks move uniformly ahead, an... Probably. the ..of clipp.eritself, which is 17 feet biggest piece the other wquipmytkfeing ow atrt 17 feet, to where the oper nt th equipment within the cranberry in-wide, but :could be 24. c utiab Cnex sath. Eate . ator can cut his next swath. Each dustry at least a movable piece, The clipper is operated like a truck may be turned without any also one ofthe most ingenious-is suspension car. suspended from difficulty, as the boom ends are this past summer in operation for of the boom Power comes from a trucks carries its end on rollers to its second season at the Cutler 20 h. generator on one of the take care of wider or narrower Cranberry Company, Camp Doug-tucks The generatoron one out sects. Either end of the clipper t i e r o . putsof the the' tu ghnerator las, Wisconsin. This is the marsh 50 watts of electricity and this can be raised individually to take las, Wisconsin. This:is thenmurnsh can be raised to takeof Guy Potter, wthomo.7500with of and this care of any differences in level. bf N. P~tteS;~_ operated watts electricaity ofG Nop t care of any differences in his son, Roland.ower? goes out on a copper cable, e o a dfn i level. v'....... ''...-.reaching the clipper by a trolley, Three men make up the crew The past season brought con-just like the trolley on a trolley handling the clipping operation, tinued complete satisfaction in per- car.' rideng ti'ued car-The clipper has eleven elec- one on each truck, one riding back formance, 157 acres having it.swiv Bridge,been tricall'y-operated andmounted ofon the clipper. of toyn' blades. forth One the .ormanced:157 ares,-ha ing been thi.callyoperated blades. and forth on the clipper. clipped five times. clip-ped, five, times, -' i. .-, ¢ clippdfivtie. An operator, riding in seated Three to four acres an hour may alsoits one td in/tntus-is t as boom are secononseasontheoost a b, difficultyf the ends. at care wider "The Brooklyn Bridge" is really comfort, controls the clippers by artmen "The Brooklyn Bridge"the is Cutlerreally comfort, controls the clippers by a beclippedtate of or narrower nothing more -than a grass clipper, t o f nothin than a Eclippom number of handles, Dlike the motor-"Brooklyn Bridge" was designed Cof i d esignfor nothing more than the ' ed ' besigdeed nothinge gthet. ' ' designed for nothing more theman on a trolley car. The oper-by Guy and Roland Potter, and A. is s hiwnehowever, to the grass which still, wh h'is 'a 'a see clipping frame. This he Power & Paper Co. Wisconsin matter of much importanceinWis-'''' Wsoi consin mButlistentothe desrip-cCan raise, or lower. The c ipper Rapids Engineering Dept. dendtn otber on otheor he st eel span.tings consin. But listenll0o 'the lsuend thedescrip-i signed at a vey tracks wich run ann The boleom the De t es chafr ee fo eer to6mesom ed to be clipped. Under trhe boom ach, donerby having Three mTren theboo trolley, Te past season brought con-justn like make up the crew dikes the trolley on a trolley handling the lipping operation eopposite which enclose the The changing of the position of Conservation and Economic De -~ ~ #. .. ^ of**jŽ'*** . Fertilizer by Airplane proud father for the fifth time (Continued from Page 8) with the birth of a son, Richard tory fertilizer application. Curtis, on October 9th. Tests will be continued in spring to see whether this result can be ORGON duplicated and whether there are Rains Delay Oregon Harvest any adverse effects on the cran-Heavy rains have greatly de- berry foliage. layed the harvest in Southwestern If reasons for the uniformity of Oregon. Many growers have been material No. 9 can be proved, it forced to resort to water raking, may become possible to improve which some do to a certain extent the nature of the mixture so that anyway. The ending of harvesting the airplane can cover a still wider is expected to be abnormally late. swath at each trip across the bog. Crop Shorter Fresh from the Fields Some local estimates place the (Continued from Pageage 4) crop as slightly shorter than last as last Research Laboratory, became a year. October estimate of U. S. tiveP^~CofS~~~ Hit~ ~ tE _2 :.¢::JPwrotects=,Sran ul _presided PeoriaW Illor dyear 85orStlatt.,OgBon METALss.:At CProtection P Som at Cranguy'ma Farms, PHOTO CO RTESY OF PORTLAND OREGON JOURNAL Long Beach, Wash. SPREADING out in an impressive acreage in the great Northwest, Cranguyma Farms at Long Beach, Washington, represents an important part of our nation's cranberry production. Standing as dependable guardians against frost and drought 1000 Rainbird sprinklers provide the correct and necessary rainfall Twele Drought and Frost whenever it is needed. This outstanding installation is indica tive of the dependability of Rainbird Sprinklers. The distrib- utor or dealer listed below will be pleased to furnish additional information upon request. PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTORS R. M. WADE and CO. ARMCO DRAINAGE & STOUT IRRIGATION INC. Portland. Oregon METAL PRODUCTS CO. Portland, Oregon Portland, Oregon W. R. AMES COMPANY, 150 West Hooper St., San Francisco, Calif. EAST & MIDWEST DISTRIBUTORS L. R. NELSON MFG. CO. Peoria, Illinois MASSACHUSETTS DEALERS JOSEPH BRECK & SONS IRRIGATION DIVISION VEGACRE FARM85 State St., Boston, Mass. Forestdale (Cape Cod), Mass. Twelve Crop Reporting Service gave it as 16,000 barrels or 3,000 more than last year. WASHINGTON As of November 1, according to D. J. Crowley of the Cranberry- Blueberry Laboratory at Long Beach, Washington, there is at least a 25 percent drop in the first crop estimates, in both Washington and Oregon. This was becausse of the unusually late season, the shortage of labor and much continued bad weather. RALPH THACHER NAMED CAPE SOIL SUPERVISOR CAPE SOIL SUPERVISOR Ralph Thacher, Cape cranberry grower has been elected supervisor of the Barnstable (County) Soil Conservation district. The term is for three years. Chairman the Board of Supervisors, Benjamin D. Fleet, East Sandwich, at the meeting at East Falmouth, which made the election. Darrell R. Shepherd, South Yarmouth outlined the activities of the unit since its formation. A total of 34 applications for assistance have been received during the past and 191 since the district was formed. Farm plans completed during the past year total 62. Average size of the farms planned was 43 acres. on the Cape include cover cropping, crop residue management, contour farming, crop rotation, terraces and diversions, mulching, RobertW . Savary CHRYLER -PLYMOUTH SALES and SERVICE Goodyear and Federal Tires Repairs on all makes of cars Genuine Parts and Accessories East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 63-R irrigation, farm ponds, land clear- ing and tree planting. A lecture on Cape farms was given by P. R. Sims, Rockland, district conservationist; talks by A. C. McIntyre, Philadelphia, re- gion forester Dr. A. B. Beaumont, Amherst, State Conservation, and 'State Senator C Edward Sto State Senator Edward C, Stone discussed conservation. A. D. BENSON GIVING FULL TIME TO WORK FOR CRANBERRY COUNCIL Arthur D. Benson, former gen- eral manager of the New Eng- land Cranberry Sales Company is giving his full time to his position as Secretary-Treasurer of the Cranberry Growers' Council. The Council is assuming more res- ponsibility within industry, the foindustry and the directors of the Council felt there should be a full-time man to handle details of Council work. SIEVERS (Continued from Page 3) purchase of the present water sys- tem for the town of Amherst, and has actively participated in many campaigns which solicited funds and were dependent upon public w upo p support. WORD OF HONOR WeORD Fred Sievers, in his long ser- vice as Director of the Massachu- setts Agricultural Experiment Station, exercised rare qualities of many kinds. In my relations with him, as Head of the Cran- berry Station throughout this per- R We shall all miss him at the Cranberry Station and will never ask for a finer guide. He has served the cranberry industry well. Henry J. Franklin 850's Find Growers .1 "The Troubled \ith "The Rot" And Insects (A Continuation of the Cranberry History from Last Month) Theodore Budd the other hand Theodore Budd one of the greatest of cron greatest of cranberry growers said he had as good sanding as without. He wrote this in 1870, then having been growing cranberries for about 2 years, as he said, or since about iod, I have had ample opportunitywith to come to know that he is an in- formed able leader, sound in his f rmed able leader, sound in his thinking, just in his judgements and kind in his human relationsSpeaking about seemingly, of the time he began, he put .iThe were written articlesthat on the culture of cranberwere detrimental to their ..... _____—__________ _-__ down: FORLM:•. -•'•I FB•TD l .... FtR? PRFthen *••ompatiiiiiC ries ~6~, ) ,Hydraulic w -....... Consultp~growthand calculated to lead the beginner from the lawsOof x`nature and success in the culture of the fruit. All advocated beach sand-so poor that nothing' else would grow-and the ;~iiriiijii~ijii:~~i~iiiiji :-:::ground well saturated with ......... water in the summer season, :~::~::~::~:.~.~.`* : ............. '::i~'~::~and flowed in the months of.June Xi~iiiii!!~jjiiiiiiiiiiiji.ii!i..iiii~i!iii:i' FOR FLUMES PREFABRIATED SEE R. A. TRUFANT Hydraulic Consultant -Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent Tel. Carver 64-11 NORTH CARVER, and July to kill the berry worm. All: of which is at variance with the proper growth of the cranberry. I have found, by experience, that they will not grow, to produce much fruit on poor sand, unless it is underlaid with muck or peat, so near the surface, that the vines will have the benefit of it. And they will make but poor J.M.HACKETT Tel. Rockland 1864 "S 'No. Hanover, Mass. INTERNATIONAL Harvester and CONTINENTAL Red Seal Industrial Engines S~LAWRENCE Propellor Pumps Centrifugal Pumps MASS. Thirteen growth, and can produce but small crops, unless well drained in summer. Though this was the opinion of Mr. Budd, for long years he was one of the most successful of the Jerseyrren and an inspired leader. In this belief he was in the com- pany of many others of the larger growers of the state for many decades. Jersey, in general just didn't believe in sanding. Mr. Budd's first bog was at the so-called "Sheep Penn Hill" which is about five miles east of "Re- treat" where the bogs of the pre- sent Theodore H. Budd are, near Pemberton. Later, in 1887 this powerful figure of the Jersey industry and his son, Clifford Edmund built the 400 acres, which with those of Theodore's brother, Isaac, of 100 acres made up the property of Theodore Budds & Son. Story of the Budds appeared in CRANBER- RIES, January, 1946). But, while Jersey was largely disregarding sanding at this period and later, the Cape Codders kept on modestly building their "hand- kerchief" sized bogs, that is, most of them. They built soundly, clear, ing the land of brush and trees, turfing and spreading the beds of white sand. They followed the area of peat, whether it curved or zigzagged, giving to some of the bogs their odd outlines. They tried to keep their bogs as clean from weeds as possible. And still "cran- berry fever" spread. The Cape Codders went through the great northeast gale of 1857 which caused tremendous damage, as they had weathered the huge storm of 1851. The "Great Panic of '57" with a year of extreme dis- tress over most of the country, with money scarce and banks closing down, did not stop then fromN their bog building. "A Marine Plant" First bog builder in the town of Orleans was probably Josiah Freeman, who was assessed for a bog in that outer Cape town in 1854. His assessment was for house and buildings, 20 acres of land and meadow, 15 rods of peat swamp, 2,563 feet of salt works, and one acre of cranberry swamp. His en- Fourteen tire tax, bill was $11.20. The listing of the item "peat swamp" was no whim on the part of the Orleans assessors, as peat was vital for fuel in that region, there being very few trees and hence little easily-available wood. In that section the Cape inhabi- tants dug and dried the peat for their stoves-for heating and cook- ing. A few living today can recall the dark colored smoke coming from the chimney and have not forgotten its peculiar "marshy" smell. The greater part of the soil of Orleans, which was originally a part of "Ancient Eastham" (set off in 1797, was light and sandy, even though great quantities of corn were raised and many hun- dreds of bushels sent to Boston, But the greatest wealth of that town had always come form the sea. As early as 1802 a thousand bushels of clams were being gathered annually. Large Salt Manufacturers Mr. Freeman did not gather and sell shellfish, nor was he one of the majority of Orleans men of that day, who from the age of 1 to 45 were engaged in the codfish- ery, but it was from the sea th-t he obtained his greatest revenue. prior to growing cranberries. This revenue, as was that of so many -T a others, was the salt from the sea. He continued to manufacture salt, in fact, after he became a grower and, long after most ot the Cape men had given up solar evaporation of the water as unprofitable. Besides making the comon salt for table use, he was one of those who carried the process father and made Epsom Salts, as well. He is believed to have carried on his salt manufactury until after the close of the Civil and the lumber sold to go into buildings, as so much of this old "salt wood" did go into the construction of Cape barns and other buildings. Mr. Freeman, at first planted wild vines, which were reputed to lave produced abundantly and with berries of good color and keeping quality. He later planted Early Blacks and Matthews. For soil he wrote to Mr. Eastwood that he preferred "a wet, sandy soil, the whiter the better. My reasons are, there will be less grass to grow to choke the cranberry vines and the berry will grow larger. As a matter of fact he included in his letter: "I consider them (cranberries) rather a marine plant, and there fore should prefer them as near salt water as possible and not have them overflowed with salt J attends the first cold weather promptly Make sure it serves you well. Check its proper home-stoves, f rLnaces, chimneys, flues, stove pipes,-check its surroundings; accumulated trash, unprotected floors and walls. _a_ ae A. HA can help you make a survey of those hazards which may allow FRIEND FIRE to become ENEMY FIRE. Q Drei er t L r INSURANCE 40 Broad St., Boston 9, Massachusetts Telephone: Hancock 60830 water." His home bogs and saltworks were in the Skaket section on the Cape Cod Bay shore of Orleans Cod Bay shore of Orleans. H ehad a number of small bogs, at least half a dozen, the nearest one to the ocean not more than 100 feet from high water. Besides these shore pieces he had one on higher ground, which he called "The Mud Swamp."' Swamp." There were no ponds or streams in that sandy section but Mr. Free- man could, after a fashion, put on some waterfrom his "Mud Swamp." This he did through wooden spouts, which he himself had ingeniously hollowed out. He has a proper place." Shipped by Packet To get his salt and his-berries to market he shipped them to Bos- ton by packet, the last of that type of vessel from Orleans being the Bay Queen, her skipper Ben Gould. As were many of his day forced to be, Mr. Freeman was :an in- dustirous individual, rising with the sun to attend to his salt making and cranberries. A slender, clean-shaven man, Mr. Freeman was interested in Simple Logic Y O0U politics as well as salt and crain- berries. He was an eloquent talk- er in Orleans town meeting and his political bent eventually car- ried him to State Legislature as Representative. h son Josiah Andrew Freeman, local- known in the fen eler ly known in the often bewilder- f a s ing Cape fashion as simply Josiah _ il T?. Andrew, who had gone to California some year previously returned to operate the bogs. One of the pieces was yielding abundently and it was believed if all could be reduced to the same level as this leans, perhaps even more so, peat was the chief fuel. Many such peat bogs and meadows were taxed. t There came a change of Board of Assessors in 1858 and with this change many of the peat bogs and meadows were put down as cranberry swamps and taxed as such. There were no less than 15 listed as piece wouldincrease the crop. AAlways cordingly, he put three small -pieces into one large area, spend ing considerable money but un-to fortunately the yield did not improve. Josiah Andrew operated the bogs until 1909 when he sold them. Ancient Eastham's First Growers "Ancient" Eastham, scene of the "First Encounter" between the Pil- grim's and the Indianus, from which Orleans had been set apart in 1797 and, Wellfleet previously in 1762 is chieffy a plain, from which forests. were imprudently cut down: very .early. As in Or- cranberry properties. Those Cranberry Growers Especially WEL Visit and Ride THE EDAVILLE RAILROAD South Carver, Mass. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis D. Atwood are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine. Rates on application. Tel. 27 Main St. Wareham, Mass. Fifteen taxed, were: Joshua Cole, who was probably Eastham's leading early cranberry man, Knowles Doane, Roland Doane, John Hopkins, Joshua Higgins, Josiah Higgins, Edith Higgins, Ruben Nickerson, Joshua Paine, James Rogers, Louis Smith, Nathan Smith, Amos Sher- man, Jonathan Sherman and Wil- liam Wareham. Braley Jenkins Another grower who worked close to the sea as did Josiah Free- man, but in Barnstable, was Braley Jenkins, one of the greatest of that period. His bogs were upon Sandy Neck, where there was a surplus of sand, as the name implies. He did not need to import vines. They had "always" been there on this famous natural cranberry ground. Jenkins was the first to be as- sessed for cranberry property in the big, sprawling shire town of Barnstable, reaching clear across the Cape. This assessment was in 1852, when his name appeared on the books for "cleared land, wood- land and Cran. Bog." Five years later he is taxed for "woodland and Cranberry Ground at Sandy Neck, value $1,799. He seems to have improved his cranberry holdings in his first decade of bog work, ecai propy i for, in 1861, his property is valued at $4,500 and there is a notation Of 50 acres. This is about the of acresis ab he his amount of bog acreage his estate showed at the time of his death. Unmarried, a carpenter by trade, stout in figure, slow in movement, thorough in workmanship, scrupulous in all trans- actions and statements. That was the description of this cranberry grower found in of Johnl Jnis ley was born in Barnstable, May 12, 1812, the son of Deacon Braley Jenkins and a direct descendent of John Jenkins who migrated to this country from London in 1635. Noted Orchardist In addition to being a carpenter and cranberry grower, Jenkins was an arden orchardist. His or- chards at the Braley homestead were famed for and wide. His apples and his pears won prices at agricultural fairs and his prod- ucts were mentioned in the Cape by"DescendentsSamuel B. Jenkins, 1929. Bra- Sixteea papers. The thought of cultivating and improving the wild cranberry vines doubtless came to Jenkins as a very obvious thing. On this wildly fantastic "cape upon a cape" as previously mentioned in earlier chapters, the wild cranberry had "always" grown and been gather- ed, first by the Indians and then by white men. He had to do some ditching and to cler and keep clear the stunted pines, the bay- berry bushes and the poison ivy. This he did conscientiously, or probably had most of it done for him, as his ponderous bulk pre- he did, he assisted greatly in introducing fine cranberries to the general public and the first on Sandy Neck had always possessed a reputation for quality. Famed Sandy Neck Harvestings Fam s as his Sandy eck cranvestings at his "Duck Pond" bog, "Goose b Pond" bog, his "Grapevine' bog, his Crotch Hill" bog and other holdings were even more noted locally. There were the trips in his schooners to and fron the mainland, for no practical roads traversed the ped sand of the neck. There was the "camping vented him from doing too muchBraley's hen t physical labor. But, the "quiet" acquisition of some of the natural cranberries areas on Sandy, by quit claim deed "or otherwise" caused "no little feeling, friction and litigation" the BARNSTABLE PATRIOT the BARNS TABLE PATRIOT said at the time of said at the time of his death, March 27, 1894. "But Mr. Bra- ley successfully stemmed the tide public opinion, came out ahead and for years has ben undisputed in possession" Since these cranberries had so long been held as common prop- rty, it was small wondr thos erty, it was small woner the who had been wont to gather the fruit for generations were loath ^om to see the beds pass into private hands. Yet, beginning as early as U 1^ pickers were harvesting. The ef his firt s oe seem to have pased into obivon, but not his second, and larger one. This was aptly named "Pomona." She could bring back as many as 40 barrels of berries on a trip. Going back and forth from the Neck each day was too much of a chore, so Braley erected a confortable house of considerable size. Here, he provided quarters for those fortunate enough to be favored by him as hire for harvesting. The men were bunked downstairs, the women upstairs, and stairs, the women pstars an Braley, himself, slept in a little room under the stairs. Those were really cranberry D BE IT UF — L—) MANUFACTURED FOR CRANBERRY 0 GROWERS EVERYWHEREYWH o FOR FIFTEEN YEARS o PRICE J Iu I QUALITY o 0 SERVICE O 0 . 0 FALL RIVER, MASS. Tel. 6-8282 1 Q>o ^n< 'n< cow — oe fall festivals when he marshalled Cape press. Sometimes he shipped fruit trees, his pears, apples and his pickers, men, wonren and chil-a part of his crop long distances in quinces, and his cranberries, dren to the number of 25 or so. hogsheds i placing pog sheds filled with water. He was s name high up in the He hired a good cook and some-ranks of past century growers. times two. He liked his food and a man, who properly prized his (To be continued) all "fed" well. He is said to have _ not only "fed" them well, but worked them well. Harvested in Early Snows A TYT T It was Braley's custom to pick ll l up to Thanksgiving time. Some still remember as children, seeing the Pomona ghosting into Town trulygives much to be thankful for... Wharf at the foot of Navigation there is turkey and cranberry sauce for street through thick-flying snow. She canoe in sometimes when the instance; the traditional feast on that spray was frozen fast. spray was frovzen ast. day, electricity to serve you, the privi- Nature provided these bogs and sometimes she whimsically took lege of living in the greates country on them away. Now and then the winds shifted the sand dunes and earth. blotted out bogs. Jenkins in some instances built dams at the mouth of some of the coves to keep out the salt water. The bogs were all I * dry on this peninsula of sand, but ymoutn ounty Eectric o. their proximity to salt water kept the frost away in most instances. Through the years Braley Jen-WAREHAM -PLYMOUTH kins became a prosperous grower, Tel. 200 Tel. 1300 his bogs with their fine berries were frequently mentioned in the THE PILGRIMS HAD FAITH This is the month when the thoughts of the Nation turn to the. Pilgrims, stepping ashore at Plymouth Rock. These Founding Fathers of the United States had their inherent purposes of integrity, their faith in the future. So too, we of the New England Cranberry Sales Company, have faith in the future for our cranberry industry. Through co-operation it will be the sound industry it has been noted as being. THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES COMPANY 9 Station Street Middleboro, Mass. TELEPHONE 200 REPORT TO GROWERS The only way to judge a selling campaign is by results. Ocean Spray has been working aggressively to increase cranberry sales. Here is a month-bymonth record of results... 1948 1949 1950 Cases Cases Cases January 39,843 44,622 71,229 February 59,986 46,193 83,184 March 104,078 117,351 145,793 April 71,555 83,152 141,255 May 64,249 102,886 165,086 June 80,761 103,309 150,071 July 86,001 91,178 162,967 August 130,740 209,006 520,639 September 313,393 420,517 801,186 October 529,794 577,108 669,055 November 626,332 809,077 December 349,013 441 412 NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION The Growers' Cooperative Branches at: Hanson, Massachusetts North Harwich, Massachusetts Coquille, Oregon Onset, Massachusetts Bordentown, New Jersey Markham, Washington Plymouth, Massachusetts North Chicago, Illinois Long Beach, Washington Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page PREVIOUS..............Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine October, 1950 NEXT................Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine December, 1950 GO TO INDEX |
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