Cranberries - The National Cranberry Magazine, 1950-11

              SERVING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY


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............~iiii~i(CRANBERRIES


......Cents 
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Leo. A. Sorenson Gen. Mgr. Wisconsin's Midwest :I::::::::::::::I: 


ST :-r k .n -'We 

Two More Queens 

As this goes to press the Cranberry 
Queen of the Wareham, 
(Mass.) American Legion Post is 
about to have the selection coro-
nation, and harvest ball, with a 
footbball game in the afternoon 
and a parade of floats. The win-
ner of this contest will be the 
one sent to New York by New 
England Cranberry Sales. Ban-

don area (Oregon) has also held 
its similar event. 

|-INTERESTED-


in buying or leasing 

Wisconsin Cranberry 

property. 

High quality Searles Jumbo, 

McFarlin and Howes vines for 

sale.

Vernon Goldsworthy

936 Memorial Drive 

Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin 

expect to have some photo-
graphs and accounts in the next 
issue. 

----. 

SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES 

MAGAINE 

I i I _ 

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-____ 

Extensive Experience in 

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At Screenhouses, Bogs and
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ALFRED PAPPI 

WAREHAM,MASS. 

Thanksgiving-


May it be a Happy Day to You. 

Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company


(A Cooperative)
WISCONSIN RAPIDS WISCONSIN



ADAMS & GOULD 


Lumber Dealers 

"Everything Under Cover" 

East Wareham, Mass. 

Tel. Wareham 648 

Building Material for Bog, 
Screenhouse and Home Uses 


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MASS. 


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Loans on Real Estate


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WE ARE TAKING
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.-. . 

Mass. Cranberry 
Station and Field Notes 

by J. RICHARD BEATTIEt

by'.T iCHA~iT R BA 

Extension Cranberry SpecialistThe 

Director Fred J. Sievers, Head 
of the Massachusetts Agricultural 
Experiment Station since 1928, 
retired November 1, 1950. His 
many duties included the super-
vision of the Cranberry Experi-
ment Station. Under his able ad-
ministration, the work and facil-
ities of the Cranberry Experiment 
Station were considerably expand-
ed. He has cooperated closely with 
the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' 
Association and its many activities. 

Cranberry growers have found 
Director Sievers to be a real

fliend .f the ..... tr, ... .l

friend of the industry. We all 
wish him well. 

Hectic Harvest 

Massachusetts cranberry growers 
have produced another fine crop. 
The harvest was completed by late 
October, after a hectic fall. Not 
only was there a large crop, but 
labor was scarce, and frost warn-
ings were plentiful. Incidentally, 
on the evening of October 26, tem-
peratures of 10° were recorded. 
Fortunately, or unfortunately, de-
pending upon one's point of view, 
frost damage is reported to be only 
4%. This is rather remarkable, 
since water supplies were critically 
low, and still are for that matter. 
Twenty-four frost warnings were 
released, as compared with a single 
warning last fall. It is understood, 
of course, that these frost warn-
ings act merely as a guide, indi-
eating the temperatures the cooler-
than-average bogs may realize on 
a particular night. 

Expansion of Warning Service 

The responsibility of deciding 
when a warning should be released 
is really terrific. Dr. Franklin has 
handled this tremendous task with 
remarkable success for many years, 
as most growers know. However, 
unless a grower has "sat in" on 
one of the frost sessions at the 
~tate bog, it would be difficult for 

Two 

R~y^X 

him to appreciate the time and 
effort involved. It is a seven-day 
week job for at least two months 
in the spring and another two 
months in the fall. 

The work had its beginning in 
1910, when weather instruments 
were purchased and Dr. Franklin 
began collecting data. By 1915, he 
had collected sufficient data to 
make certain preliminary fore-
casts. In 1920, a regular frost 
warning service was established. 

Several men helped organize the 
telephone frost warning relay sys-

sfrom

tem, but Chester Vose was the 

leader. "Chet" Vose made a very 
real contribution to the industry 
during the many years that he 
supervised the telephone warning 
service, sponsored by the Cape 
Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ-
ation. Dr. Franklin, however, is 
still the man behind the scenes upon 
whose judgment the forecast is 
based. His weather studies, com-
piled after years of study, are 
available in bulletin form to all 
growers and are invaluable to the 
industry. 

Floodin Reminder

Flooding Reminder

Growers are reminded that it ison. 
nearly time to flood new bogs for 
the winter. Let's hope that water 
supplies are considerably more 
plentiful by late November than at 
present (November 3). Dr. Frank-
lin recommends that new bogs be 
flooded for the winter as soon as 
the ground begins to freeze in or-
der to avoid heaving of the newly-

set vines. The following caution 
on surplus water is quoted from 
Bulletin 447: 

"The surplus water must be let 
off at times of thaws or heavy 
rains in winter or early spring. 
If this is neglected with vines 
frozen into the ice, the raising of 
the ice will pull them out of the 
ground. The first three years the 

should be let off about May 

5. Earlier removal exposes the 
plants to possible frost heaving." 
Mature or bearing bogs are usually 
flowed about December 1, or 

as soon as the sand surface re


mains frozen all day. To quote 

again from the above bulletin: 
water should be held just 

"The water should be held 
deep enough to cover the vines. 

It is often best to let the highest 
points stick out a little where the 
bog is much out of level." 

Pre-cooling of Cranberries 

Prof.Earle Cox, of the Agricultual 
Engineering Department, and 
Dr. F. B. Chandler are carrying 
on a very interesting experiment 
on pre-cooling of cranberries. The 

purpose of this experiment is to

l

learn how the removal of field heat 

ing ali Te affect the keep

ing quality. The berries taken 
the bog are placed in bins, 
and air is forced through them by

ans of lrg f . eTemperature

means of large fans. Temperature 
of the fruit was taken as it was 
brought in from the bogs. Read


ings as high as 14 were recorded. 
The results in this work may 
be very enlightening in future 
handling of our crop 

Growers will also be interested 
in another experiment supervised 

by Dr. Chandler. A comparison of 
hand scooping versus mechanical 
pickers is being made to determine 

the damage to the fruit. We have 
had many inquiries concerning this 

County Agents "Lew" Norwood 
and Oscar Johnson and the writer 
attended a three-day Marketing 
School held in Amherst in early 
October. This was the third annual 
Marketing School held for 
Extension people. The school this 
year featured the retailer and his 
problems. It was an excellent pro


gram, and we believe the time was 
well spent. 

Just a final reminder: The annual 
Production and Marketing 
Outlook Conference will be held 
November 29-30 at the University 
of Massachusetts. The cranberry 
industry need.s the support of its 
growers at this important conference. 



DirectorMasuntil

of 

Director of Mass. 

Extension Service oic • 

pRetires 

-—_ 
A brief resume of the years of service 
of Dr. F. J. Sievers, who retires as di


rector of Massachusetts AgriculturalExperiment Station. 

When F. J. Sievers was invited 
in 1928 by President Thatcher' of 
the University of Massachusetts to 
become Director of the Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, he was 
Head of the Department of Soils 
at the State College of Washing-
ton where he had established him-
self as an authority on the manage-
ment of arid and irrigated soils. 
It was through his findings that 
a consistent and logical relationship 
was recognized between soil nitro-
gen and soil organic matter, and 
this fundamental truth is now ac-
cepted in all practical efforts to 
maintain the organic matter of our 
soils, a significant objective in deal-
ing with one of our greatest nat-
ural resources. Also, he was cred-
ited with producing convincing evi-
dence that soil nitrogen and not 
moisture, contrary to the former 
belief, was the immediate limiting 
factor in crop production in the 
great grain-producing areas of the 
country. What primarily aroused 
only skepticism is now universally 
adopted, due to the strong support 
in his numerous research publica-

tions. His critical and analytical 
attitude, so essential to progress in 
research, expressed itself also n 

his attitude attitude educational 

his toward 
progress in general, and it was be-

the retirement of Dr. Fernald 
from the directorship of the Grad-
Cuate School when he was invited to 
take on that responsibility and to 

relinquish the deanship of the' 

School of Agriculture.

Since 1932 he has served as both 
Director of the Agricultural Ex-

periment Station and of the Grad-
uate School. In both of these 

WESTERN PICKERS, INC 

Coos Bay, Oregon1172 Hemlock Avenue 

The Government reports show 

that there is now less than 2,000


000 unemployed in the United 
States. We soon will have over 
2,000,000 in the Army. Where is 

next years labor coming from? 

foundibul i-ii 

found plenty of opportunities to 
break with tradition, and this he 
has been especially eager and 
ready to do when, in his judgment, 
tradition came in conflict with pro-
gress. His firm belief that educa-
tion stopped when complacency or 

smugness appeared, and that a 
teacher is not recognized or even 
interesting because of only what 
he knows, but rather for what he 
thinks, and that a sense of humor 
is the best evidence that the teach-
er or investigator possesses the 
imagination necessary for effective 
service were a few of the principles 
to which he ardently adhered. 

Before going to the State Col-
lege of Washington, he had for 
eight years served public educa-
tion in Wisconsin, his native state, 
both in the public schools and also 

at the University and from the 

latter he holds a Bachelor's and a 

Master's degree. 

Mrs. Sievers is also a native of 

Wisconsin, and there are three 

children: Jeanette, direcprice

children' Jeanette, director of per


sonnel work with a mercantile es-
ta9blishment at Greensboro, North

tablishment at Greensboro, North 
Carolina; Howard, in charge of 
sales for the northeastern regionof the Lederle Laboratories at Bos-

fields of educational endeavor helabor wages in Coos

Common labor wages in Coos 
Bay, Oregon, have tripled to $1.85 
per hour in five years. Wage increases 
are on order all over the 
United States. Unless cranberry 
prices raise in proportion, how can 

you produce cranberries at a profit 
unless you cut labor costs? 
The war effort with its rationing 
of scarce materials is rushing 
down upon us. 
Now that the Western Picker 
has proved that it is the only 
mecnical craberry that

picker

will pick in all the producing areas, 

and just as we were preparing to 
expand our production, we are 
threatened with being unablbe to 
produce our picker because we use 

too many war critical materials. 
Even if we get priorities on 

agricultural machinery, it will be 
too late for Government allocation 
boards to be set up and be smooth-
operating, in tim for Western 

Pickers to get anywhere when the

big squeeze is on. 

Th only way out is to g these 

materials now while we still can. 

To do this, we need money. 

To get money we are allowing a 

$160.00 discount from our finished 

of $1050.00, making a price 

cef er8 o if d the

i,95090 lat 
year that we are goin the last 

year that we are going to make 
such a price reduction (and may 

have to raise it later.) 

or a complete price lst show-
payment 

seethe October issue of "CRAN 


BERRIES". 

The most important thing for 

you to decide now is what are your 

chances ofof remaining in the Cran


chances in the Cra 

berry Industry during the next

berry Industry during the next 

few years You can't do it by pay-

i h 


elp! 

Without a Western Picker to 

cut your costs to the bone, your 

chances of coming out even will 

be less and less. Your best bet will 

be to order one or more pickers 

now while there is a good chance 

of getting them. (ADVT) 
Three 

cause of this broad interest in edu-ton and Frederick, representative 
cation that he was requested soonpartial

soon of the Highway Users Association 

after his arrival to serve also as for the Washington area at Washd 
Dean of the School of Agriculture. in ton D. C. 
In that dual capacity he continued 

n V

aI t.I A1 E 0 

CONV EYIIER 
and 

^T1N1 A

^~

TRACK


Aorganizer 

____~_~_ 

Mr. Sievers has always been in-

an c 1afs.At p . hTe

and civic affairs. At present he 
is Vice-President of the Board of 
Directors of the Cooley-Dickinson 
Hospital. He was active in estab-| ^lishingCommunity or-

the Chest 

ganization in Amherst, and was 
and director of its first 
self-conducted financial campaign. 
He served as chairman of the com-

by the Amherst 

ARLINGTON, 74 MASS. Selectmen that made the final and 
Box 36 effective recommendation for the 

Frost Insecticide Co. |mittee appointed 

(Continued on Page 13) 


V sl>Ot4AL CRANBERRY M4G4, 

ISSUE OF NOV. 1950-VOL. 15 NO. 7 

Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year.
Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879.


FRESH FROM THE FIELDS 


MASSACHUSETTS 

Harvest Over 
Massachusetts cranberry crop 
was still being estimated at about 
600,000 barrels, both by the New 
England Crop Reporting Service 
in the release issued October 12th 
and bygrowers in the cranberry 
area at the end of harvest. By 
October 1 Early Blacks had been 
largely picked and growers were 
starting on the Lates. 

A frost was indicated on October 
25th and a check by the Frost 
Warning Service revealed that all 

but about half a dozen growers 
had completed harvest and of 
these few, they had only a few 
hours or a day or so of picking re-
maining. Some growers ran over 
their estimates, and general opinion 
was that the preliminary August 
estimate would be just about 
reached. October brought many 
good picking days and the harvest 
was speeded up more than was 
anticipated early in the season 
when damp weather was hindering. 

The estimate of 600,000 barrels, 
which is 15 er cent larger than 
the 1949. production and 29 per 
cent above the 10-year average, 

was not expected to have decreased. 

s nt ed to he d d

because of frost losses, which were

because of frost losses, whih we

still standing at 4 per cent, or

still standing, at 4 per cent, or

24,000 barrels. Over-runs by some 

ver-rus b sme 

growers made up the difference. 

Frost 

The most severe frost of the 
season was on the morning of the 
16th when the uplands were whit-
ened, but there was probably but 
slight loss. A 19 was recorded 
at the State Bog, 14 at.the Greene, 
Rhode Island bog, and from 17 to 
22 at various other points in the 
Southeastern cranberry area. 

Four 

Rainfall Slight 
The rainfall for the entire month 
of October as recorded at the State 

Bog, East Wareham, was but .129 

inches. Growers are becoming ap-

prehensive about their winter 

floods. However, there were 2.01 

inches on Nov. 4, 5, which certain-

ly helped that much. 

The temperature of the month 

was definitely above normal. 

WISCONSIN 

' 

The harvest was over in Wis-

consin by October 30th with an 

estimate by "Del" C. Hammond 

that the crop would run about 

200,000 barrels. The size of ber-

ries is below average, and the qual-

ty was fairly good. Color excel-
lent. 

Budding on such marshes as Mr. 

Hammond had seen did not seem 

to be too good or next year's crop. 

The prospect looked below average. 

The weather was very dry, with 
scarcely any rain in the past six 
weeks. 
NEW JERSEY 

October 1950 
WeatherOctober was the first 
month since December, 1929, show-

month since December, 1929, show


ing an average daily mean temper-
ature above the normal at Pember-
ton. The temperature averaged 

58.1 degrees compared to the nor-
° 
mal of 56.2 , 

Rainfall was below the average 
for the fifth consecutive month, 
with 2.82 inches recorded, instead 
of the normal 3.46 inches for Oc-
tober at Pemberton. 

With this cooler and drier than 
normal weather throughout the 
growing season, it is not surprising 
that the quality of the New Jersey 
cranberry crop is the best of many 
seasons, because this combination 

CompiledbyC. J.H. 

of weather conditions no doubt sup


pressed field rots to a marked de


gree. 

Crop Above Average 

Not only is the quality of the 

crop better than average, but the 

size of the crop is above average. 

This is due to several factors such 

as an almost complete absence of 

damaging spring or fall frosts, less 
loss from rot fungi, and to the rest 
which the bogs had been getting 
because of smaller-than-average 

crops during the two previous seaons 
Frost-Fall frost damage has 
been negligible. Of the eight 
warnings that were sent out during 
the fall, none proved to be severe 

for the time that they occurred, 
with the exception of the frost on 
the night of September 24, when 
a few unprotected Early' Blacks 
were frozen, and the night of October 
26 when most of the crop was 

harvested. 

Harvesting operations were about 
95/ completed at the close of 
October. A scarcity of scoopers 
and an unusual number of cloudy, 

damp mornings hampered scooping 
throughout the season. 
Blueberry Prospects 
Blueberry crop prospects for 

1951 look good, if fruit bud formation 
is a good criterion. There 
was enough moisture during the 

summer and fall to allow maturing 
of the crop and vigorous new 
growth with plenty of good fruit 
buds. 

Limited observations of cranberry 
fruit bud formation are that 
they are about average. 

Personals 

W. E. (Bill) Tomlinson,Jr., of 
the N. J. Cranberry and Blueberry 
(Continued on Page 12) 


I ^^ Ci^lx\A/ * s ~enson,

Leo Sorenson, Wisconsin s Mid-West 
Manager Has Widespread Area To Cover 

His Group is Spread Over 700-Mile Circuit-Mostly largerGrowers, with Strong Percentage of Searls Jumbo-He 
Was Marine Officer in Last War-Hopes to Own BogEventually. 

~ByCLARENCE

J. HALL 
By-______ CA E 
A trip around the circuit to visit all the members of the Midwest 
Cranberry Cooperative in Wisconsin entails a journey of about 700 miles 
for Leo A. Sorenson, general manager of the group. This is because 
the 44 members of Midwest are spread out pretty much over the entire 
cranberry-growing area of the state. 
And from the first of May until the first of September, Mr. Sorenson 
is busy much of the time in field work for the membership, covering this 
wide-spread territory. But Mr. Sorenson's shoulders are broad (he is 

6 ft., 2 inches tall, weighing an athletic 210 lbs.) and he finds the work 
"extremely interesting". When he isn't on the road he is at the Midwest 
headquarters, which is one of the most modern and handsome structures 

whom he married in December 
1946. She was the former 
CoverAla. The two meoft aBirminghm,t Gua-m in the 

Pacific during the war, where Mrs. 
Sorenson was serving in the NavyNursing Corps. 

In 1946 the Midwest Cranberry 
Association, then a new organiza^
tion, last spring becoming a class 
"A" member of the American 
Cranberry Exchange) decided it 
had to have a suitable headquartes 
for its activities and proceeded 
to build a handsome brick and

glass structure at · 3212th Ave. 

structure 32-12th 
So in the Rapids. About one-third 
f its membership is in Wood Coun 
which Wisconsin Rapids is 
county seat. 
Handsome Midwest Building 
This building is 120 feet long 
by 50 feet deep, one story. At one 
end is a greenhouse 20 feet long 
for experimental purposes. There 
are three offices, one for the general 
manager, one for Mr. Bain, 
and a third which was used the 
last two years by the Wisconsin 
frost forecaster during the frost 
season. There is a meeting, or 
conference room with a seating capacity 
for 100 and a big storage 
room. The office-laboratory and 
the greenhouse has given Mr. Bain 

ee

needed quarters and equip-

are well kept and are plant-

kept ad ae

I.ed with beds of flowers.

ed with beds of flowers.

Sorenson manages all the office 
executive work as well as his field 
trips. He is assisted by Royal 
Roberts, bookkeeper, who came 
with the company in July, 1949. 

Wisconsin has made tremendous 
strides in production, as the industry 
is well aware. Sorenson be


lieves the first reason for the in


crease in Wisconsin's production 
per acre is due to better methods 
of water handling; growers in general 
do not hold the winter flood. 
so late; secondly,
y tot-better fertilizer 
uses; third, to the effective 
use of weed killers; fourth, to bet


ter control with modern insecticides 
and fungicides in both ground 
and air work and fifth to the use 
of tame honey bees to aid in pollination. 


He also points to satisfactory 
insect control, when needed, with 
DDT and the sprays applied with 

five 

in the Cranberry Industry. 

This Midwest group is made up 
mostly of the larger growers of 
Wisconsin, so many of the marshes 
are among the biggest. The total 
acreage is now about 1300 acres. 
This year Midwest expected a pro-
duction of about 120,000 barrels. 
Highest to date was in 1948, when 
the group harvested 120,000 on 
about 1200 acres, or approximately 
at the rate of 100 barrels to the 

~~~~acre.~

acre.'in ~in . 

Sixty per cent of this acreage is 
in the Searls Jumbo variety, which 
is the native Wisconsin fruit that

is teWsnative n ft tt

has chiefly so upped the production

s state. t

has chief ue tha McFrlins 

Howes and Natives make up the

Hobalance of the acrea e uprenn 
feels that Searls when well man-

aged .can be improved a good deal

agedbe can ed g deal

i a 
in keeping quality, that they can

be mad.e to stand up well. He has 
shipped Searls in February that

were harvested in Septemberu He 
were harvested in September.t He

advocates the intelligent use of

ctese ineigen e o

fungicides, recommending

fugdes, te use

recomending the use 

of Bordeaux exclusively and fertilized 
to push up the rate of pro-

lized to push up the rate of pro-
'~ducti.on. ^ .

Sorenson came into the Wiscon-

sin picture in the summer of 1946 
when he did apprenticeship work 
under Henry F. Bain, learning the 
scientific-and the practical side, 
too, of cranberry growing. 

But he was no complete stranger 
to the. cranberry industrly. He was 

Midwest Midwest StrongBothonoftmuch provided

Strong on Searls excellent background knowledge 

a short distance south of Wiscon-
Sin Rapids and on the edge of the 
born in Necedah, which is a town 
man cranberry district. His fath-
er he describes as a small town 
nker there He was graduated 
from Needah high school in 1938 
and then entered the University of 
Wisconsn at Madison maoring in 
entomology with his minor work

soils, being graduated in 1942.

graduatedin1942.

Both of these interests 

for the business of cranberry cteul


z . or~~~~~lawns 
ture. 

Marine Officer-in Last War 

The war took up his time be-
tween then and 1946. He enlisted 
in the United States Marine Corps. 
He served in three invasions, in-

cluding Okinawa. He has two let-
ters of commendation and three 

battle stars. His outfit was the 
4th Marine regiment and it was 
the initial troops to land in Japan.

He left the service with the rating 
of first lieutenant and is a member 
of the Marine Corps reserve. 

He had been interested in the 
possibilities of a cranberry career 
before the war, and after his dis-

charge from service decided to 
make it his business. After his 
preliminary training under Mr. 

Bain he went back to the Univer-
sity for a refresher and then came 
to the full-time employ of the Mid-

west. Sorenson makes his home in 
Wisconsin Rapids, with Mrs. SQo-


the long booms which many Wis


consin growers have applied to 
their ground sprayers. Midwest 
also published the first insect and 
fertilizer chart ever put out in 
Wisconsin, this being revised and 
kept up to date. 

Hopes to be Grower Himself 

One reason for Sorenson going 
into cranberry work is that he likes 
the outdoors. His hobbies are 
hunting and fishing and there is 
plenty of opportunity for both in 
that sportsmen's state, provided he 
can find the time. Sorenson's job 
with Midwest is a full-time occu-
pation, but "in time", he says, "it 
is my ambition to have a marsh of 
my own." 

-

"JOE" STANKAVICH 

Cranberry growers of the Pacific 

Coast were saddened by the sud-

den death of "Joe" A. Stankavich 

of Langlois, Oregon. They will 

miss his friendly interest in all 

that pertains to cranberry grow-

ing. His father J. F. Stankavich 

was once a grower at Three 

Lakes, Wisconsin and the interest 

of the father was readily acquired 

by the three sons, Mike, Matt and 

Joe. 

The three sons together in-

vented the basic ideas for the 

Western Picker. It was their 

father who did the test work which 

developed the Stankavich variety 

of cranberry. 

Joe attended the Bandon schools. 

Between 1915 and 1920 he drove 

a stage coach between Gold Beach 

and Coos Bay. Later he en-

gaged in fishing off the coast with 

his brothers who owned their own 

boats. During the early part of 

Word War II he was associated 

with engineers in mineral research 

work. He was the first manager 

of the Ocean Spray cannery at 

Coquille, but resigned to take over 

the construction of the Cape 

Blanco bog for M. L. Urann which 

was later sold to the Kranicks. 

The past year he has been acting 

as Fire Warden for the Forestry 

Service. 

He was born at Three Lakes, 

Oct. 16, 1894 and was brought to 

the est Coast by his parents in 

':22. They moved to Bandon in 

1905. lie was married to Alice M. 

Fish in 1922. 

.Six 

Distributing Fertilizer By Airplane 

C. A. DOEHLERT* 
N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station 
Cranberry growers are especially interested in fertilizing by airplane 
because this method prevents damage caused by walking or driving 
upon the cranberry vines. Several growers have already fertilized 
by air to their own satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to report 
an experiment designed to obtain information on the uniformity, or lack 
of uniformity, of spread and the "sortingout" effect on the nitrogen, 
phosphorus, and potash as the material drops through the air. 

Observation during the past two seasons demonstrated clearly that 
the larger particles fell near the center of the plane's swath, while the 
smaller particles travelled farther laterally. This suggested, the possibility 
that one ingredient such as nitrogen or potash might fall more 
abundantly in one part of the swath and less abundantly in another part. 
It was also felt that a study of this would, enable us to compute the widest 
practical swath that can be covered with satisfactory uniformity by 
one trip of the airplane across a field. 

It seemed advisable also not to 
confine the tests to one fertilizer 
formulation. Accordingly the fer-
tilizers used were 7-7-7, 5-10-10, 
5-10-5, and 3-12-6. 

Cooperation by Fertilizer 

Manufacturers and the Aviator 

The fertilizers used were ob-
tained from five different manu-
facturers. It was proposed by the 
author that the results of this ex-
periment should be made public 

in a general way but that the 
names of the manufacturers would 
not be reported, in this first pre-
liminary test. Each manufacturer, 

however, was to get the specific 
results obtained with his own fer-
tilizer. This arrangement was 
deemed desirable by the author 
solely because the method of ex-
perimentation is new, our tech-
niques will need improvement, and 
the experiment will need to be re-
peated several times before we 
know how reliable the data are. 
What appears to be true in this 
preliminary report will undoubtedly 
have to be somewhat altered when 
the experiment has been repeated 
a number of times. 

The author wishes to take this 

opportunity to express his appreci-

ation for the manufacturers' co-

operation. It should also be men-

tioned that the Cherry Brothers' 

Flying Service at Pemberton . 

J. contributed their services with-
charge 
Papr of Joura eries, New
^ the

'Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, 

Rutgers University-the State University 

of New Jersey, Department of Hortiul-

Methods 
Four brands of 7-7-7 fertilizer, 
two brands of 5-10-10, two brands 

f 5-10-5, and one brand of 3-12-6 
were used. Of the above nine mixtures, 
two were pellitized and 
seven were regular commercial 
fertilizers. 

Squares of shade cloth 6 feet 
by 6 feet were made into frames 
with light wooden cleats 1/4 inch 
thick on each side of the fabric. 

On two opposite sides of the square 
the cleats were fastened by bolts 
and wing nuts. This was a convenience 
that made it possible to 

roll up the frames for transportation. 
More important still, the 
frame could be unclamped on one 
side of the square and the collected 
fertilizer could be jostled down upon 
a piece of cardboard, which 
greatly expedited the procedure of 
collecting the fertilizer from a considerable 
number of frames in a 
short time. 

To conduct the test on any one 

particular fertilizer, two rows of 8 

of these frames, placed in close 

contact, were set up at right angles 

to the line of the airplane's travel. 

These two rows were roughly 100 

feet apart (see figure 1). The 

frames were supported by 8-inch 

flower pots turned upside down so 

that the plants growing under


neath did not affect the level sur


face of the shade cloth. The fer


tilizer to be tested was loaded into 

a commercial dusting plane, and 

the pilot made a single trip across 

he field, releasing about 200 pounds 


of the fertilizer per acre and en-

deavoring to pass directly over the 

central point of each line of 

frames. Observers estimated that 

the plane generally flew 12 to 20 
feet above the ground. 

As soon as the application was 
made, the fertilizer from each 
frame was carefully removed and. 
placed in an individually labelled 
container. The frames were then 
reassembled and ready for the next 
test. All tests reported here were 
made in one afternoon when the 
weather was calm. 

Quality of Fertilizer Distributed 

Per Unit of Area 

In all the tests, one of the two 
middle frames received the heav-
lest deposit of material. This 
frame we have designated as the 
"central position". The frame to 
the left and, that to the right of 
the central position we have designated 
"2nd position". The next 
adjacent frames left and right we 
have designated "3rd position", and

~~~~~theleft andnextright two

the next two frames left and 
"4th position". Thus we have one 
frame for the central position, two 
frames for the 2nd position, two 
frames for the 3rd position, and 
two frames for the 4th position. 
The one remaining frame is dis-
carded. (See fig. 1) 

Table 1 shows the amount of fer-
tilizer deposited per frame for each 
position. 

Table 2. Since for a single trip 
or flight it is impossible for the 
pilot to adjust his hopper to pro-
duce an exact distribution per acre, 
we have for every test consid.ered 
the deposit on the central frame 
as a satisfactory amount per acre 
and have called it "100." The 

amount deposited in each of the 
other positions has been calculated 
in terms of 100 for the central po-
sition. These figures are given in 
table 2. It will be seen from table 
2 that the first 8 tests exhibit a 
generally uniform behavior with an 
average of 100 units deposited in 
the central position and 60, 17 and 
6 units in the second, third, and 
fourth positions respectively. In 
test 9, the amounts deposited on 
each side of the central frame 
dropped off less sharply. Here is a 
distribution pattern that is much 
more desirable. It seems probable 
that the explanation for this dif-

FIGURE 1. Arrangement of Fabric Squares for Sampling Fertilizer Dropped byAirplane, with Designation of "Positions". 

I 

I 

4 th 3d 2 d CENTRAL 2d 3d 4th 
POSITIN 

— [L_ .. 
- I[j , 
I{ 

I 

100 ft 1

I 

h 

~ 

m 

t 3d ENTRAL 3

D p i 
L


Note that the central position was actually determined by the heaviest deposit. This 

may shift because of deviation in the plane's travel, as shown above, or because 
of air movements. 

framesA ATABLE 1

Average Amount of Fertilizer Deposited per Frame in Grams 

Material 2nd 3rd 4th
tested Central Position Position Position


1 157 77.5 25 7.75 
1 123 73 20.5 8.0 
3 182 90.75 14 7.25 
4 199 120.25 38.25 12.0 

5 209.5 141.25 45.5 13.25

6 83.5 53.25 14.75 5.25 
7 101 69 18 6.5 
8 67.5 42.5 14.25 5 
9 133.5 101.5 50.75 20.5 
TABLE 2 
Relative Deposits Per Frame When Central Frame is Considered 100 
Material 2nd 3rd 4th 
tested Central Position Position Position Notes 

I 100 49 16 5

2 100 60 17 7 

3 100 50 8 4 Poorest of 1st 8 
4 100 60 19 6 
5 100 67 22 6 Best of 1st 8

6 100 64 18

7 100 69 18 6 
8 100 63 21 1 
Average Much better 
of first 8 100 60 17 6 than any of the 
9 100 76 38 15 1st 8. 
ference can be determined No. 9. It shows the pattern of 
Figure 2 illustrates graphically combined deposits with material 

the least desirable distribution No. 9, if the plane were making a 
test 3) and the most desirable dis-trip only every 24 feet. Even at 
tribution (No. 5) of the first 8 this wider spacing of airplane trips 

tests. These distributions are cal-or runs, material No. 9 produces a 
culated on the basis of a flight more even coverage than the best 
across the bog every 18 feet. of the first 8 materials with runs 

Figure 3 illustrates the unusually 18 feet apart. This would mean 
good distribution obtained in test that with material No. 9 theair-

Sevep 


FIGURE 2. Theoretical Combination of Fertilizer Coverages due to Overlapping tent.
which 'would occur if Plane Flights were 18 Feet apart.


Based on Tests 1 to 8 Only. Material 3, variation of Nand 
K content. 

.. Material 5, variation of K con-

FIRST I Material 6, variation of P and K 
content. 
Material 9, which was outstand..............':: 
uniform quantity de


';.ing for the 
IiST OF: B posited in all positions, is also out-
FIRSTS6I M _ _ I IIi 11ii standing for uniform composition

; 

Columns indicate the amounts of fertilizer dropped upon bands 6 feet wide as if cf material deposited. 
viewed in cross section. All blocks shaded the same way are deposits from one flight 
across the bog. Observe that in the upper graph there are two shallow total cover-Since four of the nine materials 
ages for every full coverage, whereas in the lower graph there is relatively little performed atisfactorily in reg

difference between the various total coverages. i 
to any "sorting-out" effect, the 

FIGURE 3. Theoretical Combination of Fertilizer Coverages due to Overlapping problem of change of composition 
with Material No. 9, which would occur if the Plane Flights were 24 feet apart. of fertilizer deposited on the bog is 

MATE R I L 1iuu uw.......ii, : l 11 :::: -............... .. '.i..... not nearly so serious as that of the


Note that coverages are more uniform than with the better of the two materials Nine fertilizer formulations dis-
shown in Figure 2, even though the plane flights here are spaced 6 feet farther apart. 

tributed by airplane were tested

TABLE 3 
Analyses of Fertilizer Deposited in the Central Second and Third uniformity of distribution to 

Positions (figures in 2nd decimal place omitted) each side of the line of travel of 
the airplane.

Material Pc. Nitrogen Percent Phosphorus Percent Potash 
No. Cent. 2nd. 3rd. Cent. 2nd. 3rd. Cent. 2nd. 3rd. The investigation was planned to 

1 >*7.6 7.0 8.4 7.8 7.5 7.9 7.3 7.5 6.5 determine (1) the quantity of total 

2 7.0 7.2 7.5 8.1 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.3 7.0 fertilizer mixture deposited per 
3 *6.0 6.5 6.6 8.0 8.4 7.6 :7.7 8.4 7.5 unit of area and (2) changes of 
54 9.8 50' 6.6 91.7 5.6 7.4 proportion of each ingredient, i.
8.3 505.7 6.0 e.,
5 5.0 5.0 5.0 9.1 9.1 9.1 "'10.0 10.6 9.7 
6 5.1 4.8 5.4 ' 12. 3 11.7 10.9 8. 3 9.0 10.1 did the proportion of N, P, and K 
7 5.9 5.8 5.7 12.3 12.0 12.3 e.1 8.3 8.3 vary when the deposit under the 
8 5.2 5.2 5.4 12.5 ,12.3 11.8 4.4 4.6 5.2 plane was compared to the deposit 
9 3.2 2.9 2.9 13.3 13.2 13.3 6.5 6.5 6.8 6 or 12 feet to either side? 
**Deposits so marked are considered to show a serious "sorting-out" effect. The fertilizer dropped from the 
was collected two rows

plane would cover in 30 trips an data let us assume for the present the airplane on of 
frames, each frame 6 feet square.

area which would require 40 trips that a difference of less than 0.5 , each

-ui > -, .. , were in each row.

~~~~There 8 frames

with a fertilizer represented by the for the second position, compared 
first 8 samples. Before adopting to the central position, is not of he f of te e r the 

., the

.0 6 6. 6 8 . the flight of the plane crossed 

any practical -conclusion of this practical importance. We will con- 4

" ^o: .~^ u i ~ pcentral point of each row. 

sort, we want to see whether re-sider as important, therefore, only 
peated tests produce the same re-those differences between central Materials 1 to 8, inclusive, had a 
suit and whether thee material pro-and second position amounting to generally similar pattern of distriduces 
any unfavorable effect on the 0.5 or more. We may also assume bution as to quantity deposited per 
cranberry foliage. that a variation in the third posi-unit area. To obtain a satisfactory 
Composition of Fertilizer Deposited tion is of much less importance fertilizer applicatin with these 

The second important objective than in the second position, simply materials, the airplane trips would 
was to learn whether the compo-because of the smaller quantity de-have to be spaced 18 feet apart. 
sition of fertilizer deposited direct-posited, in the third position. There were definite "sorting out" 

effe with cerals.o

t the

ly under the plane was any differ-According to the standards just cts with of the 9 materials. 

ent from that deposited to one side. mentioned, it will be seen from Material 9, which was outstand-
The samples collected from the table 3 that four materials per-in for uniformity of quantity de-
central, second, and third positions formed satisfactorily as to the posited, was also outstanding for 
wtere analyzed for nitrogen (N), composition of the fertilizer depos-uniformity of composition of the 
phosphorus (P), and, potash (K). ited in different positions. They material deposited. 

No analyses were made for collec-are materials 2, 7, 8, and 9. With material 9, the quantity 
lions in the fourth position because For the five that did show a deposited per unit area decreased 
the quantity deposited there was serious "sorting-out" effect, the less rapidly with the distance to 
usually too small to be of signifi-variations are marked with a dou-the right or left of the line of 

* ^ . ~~~~~~~~~travel.this material the 
cance. ble asterisk in table 2 and they are With 

plane could make its trips 24 feet

Table 3 shows the complete ana-as follows: d 


hapart and still produce a satisfac


lytical data. In conparing these Material 1, variation of N con-(Continued on Page 12) 

Eight 


i

ISSUE OF NOVEMBER 1950 ^ ^ ^ 

Vol. 15 No. 7 

rHERE'S LIFE IN THE OLD DOG, YET 

THE final results of this season's harvest, 

which means returns to the growers, 
still hangs in the balance. As this goes to 
press, the balance, we understand, is more 
favorable. But we are very much encour


aged by the fact that, insofar as we know, 
most of the growers are hanging on to their 
bogs, except those who were forced to give 
up to keep body and soul together. 

In other words, we feel that the indus-
try continues to have fortitude and to be 
confident that even though 1950 will prob-

ably not be too good a year there remains 
life in the old dog yet, and by that we mean 
the cranberry industry as a total. 

IN DEFENSE OF QUEENS 

WE have heard many a comment that 

the cranberry industry is nutty to pay 
so much emphasis to the selections and 
coronations of "cranberry queens" and the 
fall harvest festivals. One argument has 
been that the same amount of money and 
effort put into straight selling work would 
be of.more benefit to the cranberry grow-
ers. We have kind of thought so ourselves, 

at times. 

Then again, to think a little further 

this is quite definitely a form of sales effort. 

It certainly makes a good many people 

conscious of cranberries. This must have 

been true, for instance, at that mammoth 

"Cranboree" out in'Wisconsin, with 20,000 

people witnessing the festivities. Some of 

these buy cranberries, whereas otherwise 

they probably would not, and some never 

had before, so if our fruit is as good as we 

believe it is they will continue to eat cran-

berries. 

At any rate, these festivals are harm-

less, pleasant affairs, possible in a free 

country. Each is of interest to the com-

munity and group which sponsors it. If 

we have one gripe, it is that there is never 

one queen who is really undisputed queen 

of the entire industry. Long live the 

Queens! 

AN interesting paper was read at a meet-

ing of the National Academy of Science 

in Schenectady, which stated that evidence 

had been presented that systematic silver 

iodine seeding in New Mexico since last 

CRANBERRIES-WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 

Subscription $3.00 per year 

Advertis rates upon application 

Editor and Publisher 

CLARENCE J. HALL 

EDITH S. HALL-Associate Editor 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
Wisconsin 

c. D.HAMMOND, Jr. 
Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin 
_ 

Washington-Oregon 

J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon


Massachusetts 

DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent


Barnstable, Mass. 

New Jersey

CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, 

M. E. TOMLINSON, JR. 
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station
Pemberton, New Jersey


December has caused marked differences 
of the large-scale weather pattern through


out the Eastern United States. Dr. Irving 
Langmuir of the General Electric Company 
said that seeding of the clouds in attempts 
to cause rain had brought about reports in 

eastward regions showing regular rainfalls 
in the early part of each week (when the 
seeding was done) which were not in the 
normal pattern. 

The seeding takes place from ground 
generators and the silver iodine rises high 
into the atmosphere and the particles then 
may travel eastward with the prevailing 
winds until right conditions are encountered 
to induce rain, when the rainfall is 
"triggered" off and a storm begins. Then 
a chain reaction may follow and the rain 
spreads by itself. Truly we live in a wonderful 
age. 

Nine 


Above Showing how end of boom is operated from truck on a dike. Opposite page, top, showing entire boom andtrucks, moving over a bed of Cutler Cranberry Company; lower, operator of clipper, moving across section as he mows 
swath. • '. -... .': s ate in

swaoheiator,riding' 

"Brooklyn Bridge," Wisconsin's Unique Contribution To Industry 

-as.....it stretches across the bed, is trucks move uniformly ahead, an...
Probably. the ..of clipp.eritself, which is 17 feet

biggest piece the other

wquipmytkfeing ow atrt 17 feet, to where the oper


nt th

equipment within the cranberry in-wide, but :could be 24. 
c utiab Cnex sath. Eate 

. ator can cut his next swath. Each 
dustry at least a movable piece, The clipper is operated like a truck may be turned without any 
also one ofthe most ingenious-is suspension car. suspended from difficulty, as the boom ends are 

this past summer in operation for of the boom Power comes from a trucks carries its end on rollers to 

its second season at the Cutler 20 h. generator on one of the take care of wider or narrower 
Cranberry Company, Camp Doug-tucks The generatoron one out sects. Either end of the clipper

t i e r o . putsof the

the' tu ghnerator 

las, Wisconsin. This is the marsh 50 watts of electricity and this can be raised individually to take

las, Wisconsin. This:is thenmurnsh can be raised to takeof Guy Potter, wthomo.7500with of and this care of any differences in level.

bf N. P~tteS;~_ operated watts electricaity

ofG Nop t care of any differences in

his son, Roland.ower? goes out on a copper cable, e o a dfn i level. 

v'....... ''...-.reaching the clipper by a trolley, Three men make up the crew 
The past season brought con-just like the trolley on a trolley handling the clipping operation,

tinued complete satisfaction in per- car.' rideng

ti'ued car-The clipper has eleven elec- one on each truck, one riding back 
formance, 157 acres having

it.swiv Bridge,been tricall'y-operated andmounted ofon the clipper. of

toyn' blades. forth One the

.ormanced:157 ares,-ha ing been thi.callyoperated blades. and forth on the clipper.

clipped five times.

clip-ped, five, times, -' i. .-, ¢


clippdfivtie. An operator, riding in seated Three to four acres an hour may

alsoits one td in/tntus-is t as boom are

secononseasontheoost a b, difficultyf the ends.

at care wider 
"The Brooklyn Bridge" is really comfort, controls the clippers by artmen 


"The Brooklyn Bridge"the is Cutlerreally comfort, controls the clippers by a beclippedtate of or narrower 

nothing more -than a grass clipper, t o f

nothin than a Eclippom number of handles, Dlike the motor-"Brooklyn Bridge" was designed

Cof i 
d esignfor nothing more than the '

ed '

besigdeed nothinge gthet. ' ' 

designed for nothing more theman on a trolley car. The oper-by Guy and Roland Potter, and A. 

is s hiwnehowever, to the

grass which still, wh h'is 'a 'a see clipping frame. This he Power & Paper Co. Wisconsin 

matter of much importanceinWis-'''' Wsoi

consin mButlistentothe desrip-cCan raise, or lower. The c ipper Rapids Engineering Dept. dendtn 
otber on otheor he st eel span.tings

consin. But listenll0o 'the

lsuend thedescrip-i signed at a vey 

tracks wich run ann The boleom the De t 

es chafr ee

fo eer to6mesom 

ed to be clipped. Under trhe boom ach, donerby having Three mTren

theboo trolley,

Te past season brought con-justn like make up the crew

dikes the trolley on a trolley handling the lipping operation

eopposite which enclose the The changing of the position of Conservation and Economic De



-~ ~ #. .. ^ 

of**jŽ'***

.



Fertilizer by Airplane proud father for the fifth time 
(Continued from Page 8) with the birth of a son, Richard 
tory fertilizer application. Curtis, on October 9th. 
Tests will be continued in spring 
to see whether this result can be ORGON 
duplicated and whether there are Rains Delay Oregon Harvest 

any adverse effects on the cran-Heavy rains have greatly de-
berry foliage. layed the harvest in Southwestern 
If reasons for the uniformity of Oregon. Many growers have been 

material No. 9 can be proved, it forced to resort to water raking, 
may become possible to improve which some do to a certain extent 
the nature of the mixture so that anyway. The ending of harvesting 
the airplane can cover a still wider is expected to be abnormally late. 
swath at each trip across the bog. Crop Shorter 

Fresh from the Fields Some local estimates place the 
(Continued from Pageage 4) crop as slightly shorter than last

as last

Research Laboratory, became a year. October estimate of U. S. 

tiveP^~CofS~~~ Hit~ ~ tE 

_2 :.¢::JPwrotects=,Sran ul _presided 

PeoriaW Illor dyear 

85orStlatt.,OgBon METALss.:At CProtection

P Som 

at Cranguy'ma Farms,

PHOTO CO RTESY OF PORTLAND OREGON JOURNAL Long Beach, Wash. 

SPREADING out in an impressive acreage in the great Northwest, 
Cranguyma Farms at Long Beach, Washington, represents 
an important part of our nation's cranberry production. Standing 
as dependable guardians against frost and drought 1000 
Rainbird sprinklers provide the correct and necessary rainfall

Twele Drought and Frost

whenever it is needed. This outstanding installation is indica


tive of the dependability of Rainbird Sprinklers. The distrib-
utor or dealer listed below will be pleased to furnish additional 
information upon request. 

PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTORS 

R. M. WADE and CO. ARMCO DRAINAGE & STOUT IRRIGATION INC.
Portland. Oregon METAL PRODUCTS CO. Portland, Oregon
Portland, Oregon


W. R. AMES COMPANY, 150 West Hooper St., San Francisco, Calif. 
EAST & MIDWEST DISTRIBUTORS 

L. R. NELSON MFG. CO. 
Peoria, Illinois
MASSACHUSETTS DEALERS 
JOSEPH BRECK & SONS IRRIGATION DIVISION VEGACRE FARM85 State St., Boston, Mass. Forestdale (Cape Cod), Mass. 

Twelve 

Crop Reporting Service gave it as 
16,000 barrels or 3,000 more than 
last year. 

WASHINGTON 

As of November 1, according to 

D. J. Crowley of the Cranberry-
Blueberry Laboratory at Long 
Beach, Washington, there is at 
least a 25 percent drop in the first 
crop estimates, in both Washington 
and Oregon. This was becausse 
of the unusually late season, 
the shortage of labor and 
much continued bad weather.
RALPH THACHER NAMED


CAPE SOIL SUPERVISOR

CAPE SOIL SUPERVISOR 

Ralph Thacher, Cape cranberry 
grower has been elected supervisor 
of the Barnstable (County) 
Soil Conservation district. The 
term is for three years. Chairman 

the Board of Supervisors, Benjamin 
D. Fleet, East Sandwich, 
at the meeting at East 
Falmouth, which made the election. 

Darrell R. Shepherd, South Yarmouth 
outlined the activities of the 
unit since its formation. A total 
of 34 applications for assistance 
have been received during the past 

and 191 since the district was 
formed. Farm plans completed 
during the past year total 62. 
Average size of the farms planned 
was 43 acres. 

on the Cape include cover cropping, 
crop residue management, 

contour farming, crop rotation, 
terraces and diversions, mulching, 

RobertW . Savary 

CHRYLER -PLYMOUTH 

SALES and SERVICE 

Goodyear and Federal Tires 

Repairs on all makes of cars 

Genuine Parts and Accessories 

East Wareham, Mass. 

Tel. Wareham 63-R 


irrigation, farm ponds, land clear-
ing and tree planting. 

A lecture on Cape farms was 
given by P. R. Sims, Rockland, 
district conservationist; talks by 

A. C. McIntyre, Philadelphia, re-
gion forester Dr. A. B. Beaumont, 
Amherst, State Conservation, and

'State Senator C

Edward Sto

State Senator Edward C, Stone 
discussed conservation. 

A. D. BENSON GIVING 
FULL TIME TO WORK 
FOR CRANBERRY COUNCIL 

Arthur D. Benson, former gen-
eral manager of the New Eng-
land Cranberry Sales Company is 
giving his full time to his position 
as Secretary-Treasurer of the 
Cranberry Growers' Council. The 
Council is assuming more res-
ponsibility within industry,

the foindustry 
and the directors of the Council 
felt there should be a full-time 

man to handle details of Council 
work. 

SIEVERS 

(Continued from Page 3)

purchase of the present water sys-
tem for the town of Amherst, and 
has actively participated in many 

campaigns which solicited funds 
and were dependent upon public

w upo p

support. 

WORD OF HONOR 

WeORD 

Fred Sievers, in his long ser-

vice as Director of the Massachu-
setts Agricultural Experiment 
Station, exercised rare qualities 
of many kinds. In my relations 
with him, as Head of the Cran-
berry Station throughout this per-

R


We shall all miss him at the Cranberry 
Station and will never ask 
for a finer guide. He has served 
the cranberry industry well. 

Henry J. Franklin 

850's Find Growers 

.1 

"The

Troubled \ith "The 

Rot" And Insects 

(A Continuation of the Cranberry History

from Last Month) 

Theodore Budd 

the other hand Theodore 

Budd one of the greatest of cron


greatest of cranberry 
growers said he had as good 
sanding as without. 
He wrote this in 1870, then having

been growing cranberries for about 

2 years, as he said, or since about 

iod, I have had ample opportunitywith 

to come to know that he is an in-
formed able leader, sound in his

f rmed able leader, sound in his 
thinking, just in his judgements 

and kind in his human relationsSpeaking

about 

seemingly, of 

the time he began, he put 
.iThe were written

articlesthat 
on the culture of cranberwere 
detrimental to their 

..... _____—__________ _-__ 

down: 

FORLM:•. -•'•I FB•TD l

.... 

FtR? PRFthen 

*••ompatiiiiiC ries 

~6~, ) ,Hydraulic 

w -.......


Consultp~growthand calculated to lead 

the beginner from the lawsOof 
x`nature and success in the culture 
of the fruit. All advocated 
beach sand-so poor that nothing' 
else would grow-and the 

;~iiriiijii~ijii:~~i~iiiiji :-:::ground well saturated with 
......... water in the summer season, 
:~::~::~::~:.~.~.`* : ............. '::i~'~::~and flowed in the months of.June 

Xi~iiiii!!~jjiiiiiiiiiiiji.ii!i..iiii~i!iii:i' 

FOR FLUMES


PREFABRIATED 

SEE 

R. A. TRUFANT 
Hydraulic Consultant -Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent 

Tel. Carver 64-11 NORTH CARVER, 

and July to kill the berry worm. 
All: of which is at variance with 
the proper growth of the cranberry. 
I have found, by experience, 
that they will not grow, to 
produce much fruit on poor sand, 
unless it is underlaid with muck 
or peat, so near the surface, that 
the vines will have the benefit of 
it. And they will make but poor 

J.M.HACKETT 
Tel. Rockland 1864 

"S 'No. Hanover, Mass. 

INTERNATIONAL Harvester 
and CONTINENTAL

Red Seal Industrial Engines 
S~LAWRENCE 

Propellor Pumps 

Centrifugal Pumps 

MASS. 

Thirteen 


growth, and can produce but 

small crops, unless well drained 

in summer. 

Though this was the opinion of 
Mr. Budd, for long years he was 
one of the most successful of the 
Jerseyrren and an inspired leader. 
In this belief he was in the com-
pany of many others of the larger 
growers of the state for many 
decades. Jersey, in general just 
didn't believe in sanding. 

Mr. Budd's first bog was at the 
so-called "Sheep Penn Hill," which 
is about five miles east of "Re-
treat," where the bogs of the pre-
sent Theodore H. Budd are, near 
Pemberton. 

Later, in 1887 this powerful 
figure of the Jersey industry and 
his son, Clifford Edmund built the 
400 acres, which with those of 
Theodore's brother, Isaac, of 100 
acres made up the property of 
Theodore Budds & Son. Story of 
the Budds appeared in CRANBER-
RIES, January, 1946). 

But, while Jersey was largely 
disregarding sanding at this period 
and later, the Cape Codders kept 
on modestly building their "hand-
kerchief" sized bogs, that is, most 
of them. They built soundly, clear, 
ing the land of brush and trees, 
turfing and spreading the beds of 
white sand. They followed the 
area of peat, whether it curved or 
zigzagged, giving to some of the 
bogs their odd outlines. They tried 
to keep their bogs as clean from 
weeds as possible. And still "cran-
berry fever" spread. 

The Cape Codders went through 
the great northeast gale of 1857 
which caused tremendous damage, 
as they had weathered the huge 
storm of 1851. The "Great Panic 
of '57," with a year of extreme dis-
tress over most of the country, 
with money scarce and banks closing 
down, did not stop then fromN 
their bog building. 

"A Marine Plant" 

First bog builder in the town of 
Orleans was probably Josiah Freeman, 
who was assessed for a bog 
in that outer Cape town in 1854. 

His assessment was for house 
and buildings, 20 acres of land and 
meadow, 15 rods of peat swamp, 
2,563 feet of salt works, and one 
acre of cranberry swamp. His en-

Fourteen 

tire tax, bill was $11.20. 

The listing of the item "peat 
swamp" was no whim on the part 
of the Orleans assessors, as peat 
was vital for fuel in that region, 
there being very few trees and 
hence little easily-available wood. 
In that section the Cape inhabi-

tants dug and dried the peat for 
their stoves-for heating and cook-
ing. A few living today can recall 
the dark colored smoke coming 
from the chimney and have not 
forgotten its peculiar "marshy" 
smell. 

The greater part of the soil of 
Orleans, which was originally a 
part of "Ancient Eastham," (set 

off in 1797, was light and sandy, 
even though great quantities of 
corn were raised and many hun-
dreds of bushels sent to Boston, 
But the greatest wealth of that 
town had always come form the 
sea. As early as 1802 a thousand 
bushels of clams were being 
gathered annually. 

Large Salt Manufacturers 

Mr. Freeman did not gather and 
sell shellfish, nor was he one of 
the majority of Orleans men of 
that day, who from the age of 1 
to 45 were engaged in the codfish-
ery, but it was from the sea th-t 
he obtained his greatest revenue. 
prior to growing cranberries. This 
revenue, as was that of so many 

-T a 

others, was the salt from the sea. 

He continued to manufacture 
salt, in fact, after he became a 
grower and, long after most ot 

the Cape men had given up solar 
evaporation of the water as unprofitable. 
Besides making the 
comon salt for table use, he was 
one of those who carried the process 
father and made Epsom Salts, 

as well. He is believed to have 
carried on his salt manufactury 
until after the close of the Civil 
and the lumber sold to go into 
buildings, as so much of this old 
"salt wood" did go into the construction 
of Cape barns and other 
buildings. 

Mr. Freeman, at first planted 
wild vines, which were reputed to 
lave produced abundantly and with 
berries of good color and keeping 
quality. He later planted Early 
Blacks and Matthews. For soil 
he wrote to Mr. Eastwood that he 
preferred "a wet, sandy soil, the 
whiter the better. My reasons are, 

there will be less grass to grow to 
choke the cranberry vines and the 
berry will grow larger. As a 
matter of fact he included in his 
letter: 

"I consider them (cranberries) 

rather a marine plant, and there


fore should prefer them as near 

salt water as possible and not 

have them overflowed with salt 

J attends the first cold weather promptly 

Make sure it serves you well. Check its proper home-stoves, 
f rLnaces, chimneys, flues, stove pipes,-check its surroundings; 
accumulated trash, unprotected floors and walls. 

_a_ ae 

A. HA 
can help you make a survey of those hazards which may allow 
FRIEND FIRE to become ENEMY FIRE. 

Q 

Drei er t L r 
INSURANCE 

40 Broad St., Boston 9, Massachusetts 
Telephone: Hancock 60830 


water." 

His home bogs and saltworks 
were in the Skaket section on the 

Cape Cod Bay shore of Orleans

Cod Bay shore of Orleans. 
H ehad a number of small bogs, at 
least half a dozen, the nearest one 
to the ocean not more than 100 feet 
from high water. Besides these 
shore pieces he had one on higher 
ground, which he called "The Mud 
Swamp."'

Swamp." 

There were no ponds or streams 
in that sandy section but Mr. Free-
man could, after a fashion, put on 

some waterfrom his "Mud 

Swamp." This he did through 
wooden spouts, which he himself 
had ingeniously hollowed out. He 
has a proper place." 

Shipped by Packet 

To get his salt and his-berries 
to market he shipped them to Bos-
ton by packet, the last of that type 
of vessel from Orleans being the 
Bay Queen, her skipper Ben Gould. 
As were many of his day forced 
to be, Mr. Freeman was :an in-
dustirous individual, rising with 
the sun to attend to his salt 
making and cranberries. 

A slender, clean-shaven man, 
Mr. Freeman was interested in 

Simple Logic 

Y O0U 


politics as well as salt and crain-
berries. He was an eloquent talk-
er in Orleans town meeting and 
his political bent eventually car-

ried him to State Legislature as 
Representative. 

h 

son Josiah Andrew Freeman, local-

known in the fen eler

ly known in the often bewilder-

f a s

ing Cape fashion as simply Josiah 

_ il T?.

Andrew, who had gone to California 
some year previously returned 
to operate the bogs. One of 

the pieces was yielding abundently 
and it was believed if all could be 
reduced to the same level as this 

leans, perhaps even more so, peat 
was the chief fuel. Many such 
peat bogs and meadows were 

taxed. 

t 

There came a change of Board 
of Assessors in 1858 and with this 
change many of the peat bogs and 
meadows were put down as cranberry 
swamps and taxed as such. 

There were no less than 15 listed 

as 

piece wouldincrease the crop. AAlways 
cordingly, he put three small 
-pieces into one large area, spend


ing considerable money but un-to 
fortunately the yield did not improve. 
Josiah Andrew operated the 
bogs until 1909 when he sold them. 
Ancient Eastham's First Growers 
"Ancient" Eastham, scene of the 
"First Encounter" between the Pil-
grim's and the Indianus, from 

which Orleans had been set apart 
in 1797 and, Wellfleet previously 
in 1762 is chieffy a plain, from 
which forests. were imprudently 
cut down: very .early. As in Or-

cranberry properties. Those 

Cranberry Growers 

Especially 

WEL 

Visit and Ride 

THE 
EDAVILLE RAILROAD 

South Carver, Mass. 

Mr. and Mrs. Ellis D. Atwood 

are reading this ad. Others will read yours in 

CRANBERRIES Magazine.
Rates on application.


Tel. 27 Main St. 
Wareham, Mass. 

Fifteen 


taxed, were: Joshua Cole, who was 
probably Eastham's leading early 
cranberry man, Knowles Doane, 
Roland Doane, John Hopkins, 
Joshua Higgins, Josiah Higgins, 
Edith Higgins, Ruben Nickerson, 
Joshua Paine, James Rogers, Louis 
Smith, Nathan Smith, Amos Sher-
man, Jonathan Sherman and Wil-
liam Wareham. 

Braley Jenkins 

Another grower who worked 
close to the sea as did Josiah Free-
man, but in Barnstable, was Braley 
Jenkins, one of the greatest of that 
period. His bogs were upon Sandy 
Neck, where there was a surplus 
of sand, as the name implies. He 
did not need to import vines. They 
had "always" been there on this 
famous natural cranberry ground. 

Jenkins was the first to be as-
sessed for cranberry property in 
the big, sprawling shire town of 
Barnstable, reaching clear across 
the Cape. This assessment was in 
1852, when his name appeared on 
the books for "cleared land, wood-
land and Cran. Bog." Five years 
later he is taxed for "woodland and 
Cranberry Ground at Sandy Neck, 

value $1,799. He seems to have 
improved his cranberry holdings 
in his first decade of bog work,

ecai propy

i

for, in 1861, his property is valued 
at $4,500 and there is a notation 
Of 50 acres. This is about the

of acresis ab he

his 

amount of bog acreage his estate 
showed at the time of his death. 

Unmarried, a carpenter by 
trade, stout in figure, slow in 
movement, thorough in workmanship, 
scrupulous in all trans-
actions and statements. 

That was the description of this 
cranberry grower found in 

of Johnl Jnis 

ley was born in Barnstable, May 

12, 1812, the son of Deacon Braley 

Jenkins and a direct descendent 

of John Jenkins who migrated to 

this country from London in 1635. 

Noted Orchardist 

In addition to being a carpenter 

and cranberry grower, Jenkins 

was an arden orchardist. His or-

chards at the Braley homestead 

were famed for and wide. His 

apples and his pears won prices 

at agricultural fairs and his prod-

ucts were mentioned in the Cape 

by"DescendentsSamuel B. Jenkins, 1929. Bra-

Sixteea 

papers. 

The thought of cultivating and 
improving the wild cranberry vines 
doubtless came to Jenkins as a 
very obvious thing. On this wildly 
fantastic "cape upon a cape," as 
previously mentioned in earlier 
chapters, the wild cranberry had 
"always" grown and been gather-
ed, first by the Indians and then 

by white men. He had to do some 
ditching and to cler and keep 
clear the stunted pines, the bay-
berry bushes and the poison ivy. 
This he did conscientiously, or 
probably had most of it done for 
him, as his ponderous bulk pre-

he did, he assisted greatly in introducing 
fine cranberries to the 
general public and the first on 
Sandy Neck had always possessed 
a reputation for quality. 

Famed Sandy Neck Harvestings 

Fam s as his Sandy eck cranvestings 
at

his "Duck Pond" bog, "Goose

b

Pond" bog, his "Grapevine' bog,

his Crotch Hill" bog and other 
holdings were even more noted 
locally. There were the trips in 
his schooners to and fron the 
mainland, for no practical roads 
traversed the ped sand of the 
neck. There was the "camping 

vented him from doing too muchBraley's hen t 

physical labor. 
But, the "quiet" acquisition of 
some of the natural cranberries 

areas on Sandy, by quit claim deed 
"or otherwise," caused "no little 
feeling, friction and litigation,"

the BARNSTABLE PATRIOT

the BARNS TABLE PATRIOT

said at the time of

said at the time of his death,

March 27, 1894. "But Mr. Bra-
ley successfully stemmed the tide 

public opinion, came out ahead 
and for years has ben undisputed 
in possession" 

Since these cranberries had so 
long been held as common prop-
rty, it was small wondr thos 
erty, it was small woner the

who had been wont to gather the 

fruit for generations were loath 

^om

to see the beds pass into private 
hands. Yet, beginning as early as 

U 1^ 

pickers were harvesting. The 

ef his firt s oe seem 
to have pased into obivon, but 
not his second, and larger one. This 
was aptly named "Pomona." She 
could bring back as many as 40 
barrels of berries on a trip. 

Going back and forth from the 
Neck each day was too much of 
a chore, so Braley erected a confortable 
house of considerable size. 

Here, he provided quarters for 
those fortunate enough to be 
favored by him as hire for harvesting. 
The men were bunked downstairs, 
the women upstairs, and

stairs, the women pstars an 

Braley, himself, slept in a little 
room under the stairs. 
Those were really cranberry 

D BE IT 

UF — L—) 

MANUFACTURED FOR CRANBERRY 

0 GROWERS EVERYWHEREYWH 

o FOR FIFTEEN YEARS 
o PRICE 
J Iu I QUALITY 
o 
0 SERVICE 

O 

0 

. 

0 FALL RIVER, MASS. Tel. 6-8282 1 

Q>o ^n< 'n< cow — oe 


fall festivals when he marshalled Cape press. Sometimes he shipped fruit trees, his pears, apples and 

his pickers, men, wonren and chil-a part of his crop long distances in quinces, and his cranberries, 
dren to the number of 25 or so. hogsheds i placing

pog sheds filled with water. He was s name high up in the 

He hired a good cook and some-ranks of past century growers. 

times two. He liked his food and a man, who properly prized his (To be continued) 

all "fed" well. He is said to have _ 

not only "fed" them well, but 

worked them well. 
Harvested in Early Snows A TYT T 
It was Braley's custom to pick ll l 

up to Thanksgiving time. Some 

still remember as children, seeing 

the Pomona ghosting into Town trulygives much to be thankful for... 

Wharf at the foot of Navigation there is turkey and cranberry sauce for

street through thick-flying snow. 

She canoe in sometimes when the instance; the traditional feast on that 

spray was frozen fast. 

spray was frovzen ast. day, electricity to serve you, the privi-

Nature provided these bogs and 

sometimes she whimsically took lege of living in the greates country on 

them away. Now and then the 

winds shifted the sand dunes and earth. 

blotted out bogs. Jenkins in some 

instances built dams at the mouth 

of some of the coves to keep out 

the salt water. The bogs were all I * 

dry on this peninsula of sand, but ymoutn ounty Eectric o. 

their proximity to salt water kept 

the frost away in most instances. 
Through the years Braley Jen-WAREHAM -PLYMOUTH 

kins became a prosperous grower, Tel. 200 Tel. 1300 

his bogs with their fine berries 

were frequently mentioned in the 

THE PILGRIMS HAD FAITH


This is the month when the thoughts of the Nation 
turn to the. Pilgrims, stepping ashore at Plymouth 
Rock. These Founding Fathers of the United States 
had their inherent purposes of integrity, their faith 
in the future. 

So too, we of the New England Cranberry Sales 
Company, have faith in the future for our cranberry 
industry. Through co-operation it will be the sound 
industry it has been noted as being. 

THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY
SALES COMPANY


9 Station Street Middleboro, Mass. 

TELEPHONE 200 


REPORT TO GROWERS


The only way to judge a selling campaign is by 
results. Ocean Spray has been working aggressively 
to increase cranberry sales. Here is a month-bymonth 
record of results... 

1948 1949 1950 
Cases Cases Cases 
January 39,843 44,622 71,229 
February 59,986 46,193 83,184 
March 104,078 117,351 145,793 
April 71,555 83,152 141,255 
May 64,249 102,886 165,086 
June 80,761 103,309 150,071 
July 86,001 91,178 162,967 
August 130,740 209,006 520,639 
September 313,393 420,517 801,186 
October 529,794 577,108 669,055 
November 626,332 809,077 
December 349,013 441 412 

NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION


The Growers' Cooperative 

Branches at: 

Hanson, Massachusetts North Harwich, Massachusetts Coquille, Oregon 
Onset, Massachusetts Bordentown, New Jersey Markham, Washington 
Plymouth, Massachusetts North Chicago, Illinois Long Beach, Washington 


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