Cranberries - The National Cranberry Magazine, 1950-10

              SERVINC A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY


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is the fruition of his year of labor, and generally of 
many years of previous planning and work. 

It is an even more glorious time when his berries 
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growth. P. D. B. crystals can be 
used this fall as late as November 

hack, poison ivy, and wild bean.

ass. Cranberry Mass.Cranbe

yDr. Cross also suggests the pulling 

l US ~ldalNoat_ 
lStatio n Notes x 

~ta~tidn and

and Field 

by J. RICHARD BEATTIE 
Extension Cranberry Specialist 


___ ______________~____ '_________ 

of woody plants, such as asters, 
|hardhack, and meadow sweet after 
harvest. Stod.dard Solvent can be 
used now as a spot treatment for 
grasses, sedges and rushes. It stil 
isn't too late to pull out beggar 
ticks before they go to seed. We 

realize that the above practices 
cost money and that budgets are

limited, to put it mildlg. A grower 

limited, to put it mildly. A grower 

makes his own decisions, of course, 
as to the practices he should adopt. 
We are merely pointing out the 
proper timing and efectiveness of 
these recommendations. 

The Cranberry Festival, held 
October 7, was a huge success. 
The writer was particularly impressed 
by the excellent demonstration 
of cooperation between 
the poultry and cranberry industries 
in their handling of the "super 
chicken barbecue". More co


operation among our various agricultural 
groups would seem to be 
in order. This was a real beginning. 
We hope the good work will 
be continued. 

The annual Production and Mar


keting Conference will be held 

November 29-30, at the University 

of Massachusetts. The problems 

of our industry are carefully con


sidered at this state-wide meeting. 

Recommendations are prepared. 

and submitted to the proper auth


orities. We hope to have another 

large delegation of cranberry 

Frosts Too Frequent 

The cranberry harvest in Massa-

1Massa 
chusetts didn't begin generally un-
til about September 14. The de-
lay in picking was due primarily 
to lack of color in the berries, plus 
unfavorable weather conditions. 
Cape growers experienced a storm 
of near hurricane strength on Sep-
tember 11 and 12. Fortunately, 
very little damage occurred in the 
cranberry area. The delayed har-
vest, shortage of labor, and frost 
activity has resulted in a rather 
hectic season so far, at least. 

Water supplies are still critically 
low. We hope that frost activity 
doesn't continue at its present 
pace. Eight warnings have been 
released as of October 9. There 
was only one warning for the en-
tire harvest season in 1949. Sep-
tember was an unusually cold 

° 

month, averaging about 2 below 

normal. A temperature of 16 ° 

was recorded on one bog Septem-

ber 25. Dr. Franklin estimates the 

frost damage to be about 4% as 

of October 9. Speaking of frost, 

the telephone distributors would 

appreciate knowing when growers 

have finished picking. It will save 

the telephone distributors consid-

erable time and the Cape Cod 

Cranberry Growers' Association 

unnecessary telephone bills. We 

would appreciate your help in this 

matter. 

QualitFruit 

a little ahead of last year. Let's 
continue to furnish our marketing

. ^ ^ cos t 
agencies and Mrs. Consumer with 
high quality fruit. 

Late Fall Reminders 

Now for a few reminders on late 
fall management. They have been 
given before, but are briefly out-
lined again for growers' consider-
ation. Dr. Franklin reminds us 
of the importance of thefall clean-
up flood where water is available. 
This flood rids the bog of much of 
the harmful trash that accumulates 
each year. Fairy rings should be 
treated after harvest. Dr. Berg-
man's recommendations for control 

of this fungous disease are care-
fully outlined on your insect and 
disease chart. Fall fertilization is 
practiced by many growers. Dr. 
Chandler suggests a high phos-
phorus fertilizer, such as the 1-2-1 
ratio. Amounts might vary be-
tween 200 to 500 pounds per acre, 
depending upon the condition of 
the bog. Dr. Chandler is available 
to discuss fertilizer requirements 
with growers. Where a bog can't 
be flooded for the winter, pruning, 
raking, and sanding should defi-

-postpon

nitely be postponed until nexeltrgenextot growers present this year.

next 

spring, according to Dr. Franklin 

and Joe Kelley. Apparently, this 
mechanical injury to the vines 
makes them more subject to win-

terkilling. 

Dr. Cross Suggests-


C us tht this is a

tells

Dr. Cross tells us that this is a 

KILL WEEDS AT LESS COST 

WITH 

AMSCO STODDARD SOLVENT 

PROVIDENCE, R. I. Hopkins

370 Aliens Avenue....1-1300
PORTLAND, ORE. Broadway


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60 Foley Street..........6-8100
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230 N. Michigan. 3-3050


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155 E. 44th Street..2-6490 
P2IL700 Robers A. adciff

2700 Roberts Ave. 5-3540 
WIS... Greenf6eld 

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555 S. Flower St...... 9-2179
Ft. of S. W. Gibbs St.0579


I Service in 48 States 

AMERICAN MINERAL SPIRITS 

~~~Qualitygood time of year to stake off 

Whgood time yeare experiencing

growers

Whilegrowers are experiening 
an unusually hectic harvest season, 
there are some brighter sides to

se

tre arebighr 

the picture. The quality of the 
berries appears to be excellent. 
The trade seems to be pleased with 
our fruit. Cranberries are moving, 
even though we would like to see 
them move faster and at better 
prices. It is still early in the 

those areas on bogs where loose-
srife, poison ivy, and small bam-

bles are now a problem. Growers 
ran confine their treatments for 
these particular weeds early next

these particular next

weeds 
pring before they make excessive 

BE A SUBSCRIBER TO 

I p -'W 

CRANBERRIES 

I 


season for fresh ber-

marketing ~~~~~~~marketing season

feherCOMPANY 
ries, and we understand orders are 

Two 


Mid-Years of 1850's Finds Growers

Troubled With Insects And "The ROf"

Rot" 

These Troubles Temporarily Discouraged Some, as They 

Sought Possible Remedies-"eashore" Bogs of Josiah 

Freeman and Braley Jenkins. 

(This is the 13th installment of the History of the Cranberry Industry) 

^~~~~by ~~and 

CLARENCE J. HALL 

The "experiments in developing recognized bog practices," as re-
ferred to by Mr. Eastwood in the last installment, were working out 
rather well in the latter half of the 1850's. There were, naturally, how-

ever, developments which did not please the growers. These were in 
particular, insects and rot. The very earliest of cultivators paid little, 
or no regard to bugs, and it has been said there were few to seriously 
ravage cranberry vines until man began to make bogs-to take the vines 
out of their low, natural environments. 

Mr. Eastwood mentioned but two insects, compared to the many 
now known. Referring again to the invaluable 1883 paper of O. M. 
Holmes, Mr. Holmes said; "Insects first made their appearance in the 
shape of the 'vine worm' in 1856. Up to this date (the growers) never 
had a berry rot on the vines. The vines were perfectly healthy, and 

it was a great satisfaction to gather the crop in such good, sound 

con-

dition . . . in the year 1858 the berry rot on the vines commenced, at an 
alarming extent, which caused the growers to be somewhat despondent 
as to the success of the business." Insects, had, however, been noticed 
and caused concern to som,3 growers much earlier as has been mentioned 

in previous chapters. Captain Ze-
bina H. Small noted that "about 
1.854-55" the vine or "fireworm," 
as he designated it, had taken 
"almost full posession of all the 
cranberry yards on the Cape." He 
tried various experiments, such as 
sprinkling the vines with ashes, 
lime, pepper, tobacco, without re-
sult. He finally concluded to try 
the experiment of keeping the 
water on over the vines, later than 
usual, and found relief. 

Rot Appears in Jersey 

The rot appeared in New Jersey, 
as Barclay White (mentioned pre-
viously as having started cultiva-
ting in 1851) wrote of his exper-
iences in August 1854, when he 
found his vines "most luxurious and 
there appeared to be 25 to 30 
bushels of sound fruit." But they 
commenced rotting and, when pick-
ed, he obtained but ten bushels. 
"Such has been my experience," he 
added, "in the cultivation of the 
cranberry that unless I can find 
a remedy for this rotting of the 
berry, I must abandon the berry 
as unprofitable." 

So, thus early, the cranberry 
grower found out the truism, that 

agriculture is a battle against in-
sects. 

' ^ Barclay White 

now operated as J. J. White, Inc., 
has long been one of the most 
'famous of cranberry properties in

entire country T 
ated with the enterprise, from' Barclay 
White, and Fenwick, to Joseph 

and Miss Elizabeth White, the late 
Franklin S. Chambers, Joseph 
White's son-in-law, Isaiah Haines 

others have been among the 
leaders in Jersey. For yearsWhitesbog was the largest produc


the aoi-country. Those associ


g un. hteog i the on

bogo in existence which has its 

Miss White sent and received when 

Unite tates st ice 
ownthis 
b 
i ie snt and received 

she eand eeien 

and c atn of beberries

and cultivation of blueberries. A

portion of the property has been 

or r the United States 
Deartent of riuture eeri 
ments in the cranberry breeding 
program. J. J. White was the 
author of the second book upon 
cranberry culture published, first 

etn, in 10 ater he d 
gun growing cranberries in 186 

"Cranberry Run" 

The first unit by Mr Fenwick 
from te present h

was not far from the present home 
of Isaiah Haines on the property. 

This was a natural cranberry 

With this mention of Barclay 
White and New Jersey it might 
here be told htat his small begin-
ning at Sim Place was successful 
although he was shortly after ap-
pointed superintendent of Indian 
affairs in Omaha, where he re-
mained for about 12 years, not re-
turning to the cranberry business 
again. Before he left, however, he 
had organized the Penn Fruit 
Company, and this bog he started 
is now part of the bgs of the Penn 

Producing Company, operated by 
Isaac Harrison. Mr. White was 
the father of Joseph J. White and 
grandfather of Miss Elizabeth C. 
White of Whitesbog fame. 

James E. Fenwick 
It was in 1857 that James A. 
Fenwick, the to-be father-in-law of 

J. J. White set out the fruit unit 
of Whitesbog. He had previously 
experimented in a small way, be-
ginning in 1854 at the "Colman 
Farm," in a swamp depression 
called "Skunk's Misery," about a 
mile east of Pemberton. 
As is so well known, Whitesbog, 

. .^-.^.4-1 ^'^^meadow and the stream which ran

through it was called "Cranberry 
Run. Long before Mr. Fenwick 
acquired it, berries were picked 
there by "all comers," and these 

pickers often came by horse and 
wagon and camped tre for the 
harvesting. When he bought the 
property Mr Fenwick as a protec 

tion against these pickers (whonaturally were not pleased by the 
private ownership of property so 
long considered as punlic) built 
fence of cedar rails around what 
has come to be called "old bog". 
Miss White in telling of these days 

in August, 19411 saidid when she first 
began to help in 1893, remnants of 
the fence were still standing nearly 
intact, and there were two loading 
platforms which Fenwick had 
built for sanding scows. 
Cranberry Run, Miss White said, 
turned out to be inadequate as a 
water supply, going dry in even 
moderate droughts. About 1880, 

Fenwick bought, of George Upton, 
an adjourning 700 acres, including 
Canal Pond, an undeveloped area 
on both the south and north sides 

Three 


of the present road from Browns 
Mills to Lakeport for $3.00 an 
acre. Mr. Fenwick died in 1882. 

(A detailed story of Whitesbog and 
(A detailed Whitesg ad

storf 
the noted

White famly appeared 
in CRANBERRIES January, 1939. 
6Author's Note-It might be well 

at this point that subjects

to say 
well covered in

which have been 

which have been well covered i 
previous issues of CRANBERRIES 
will not be repeated in detail in 
this: series of historical articles. 
Only the highlights or main facts 

of the articles will be used in their 
chronlogical order as nearly as 
possible. This seems necessary, as 
otherwise the series would be pro 
longed even beyond the extended 
length ..in ..which they will .be 
printed to cover the scope of the 

whole industry.

whole industry. 

Early Growers Built Cheaply 
Mr. White in his book referring 
briefly t the stry

to the efforts of'erthe very 
first experiments in New Jersey, 
mentioning only " Peg-Leg" John 
Webb, and Barclay White, as of 
the very first cultivators said: "I 
was not until near the year 1860 
that the cranberry industry 

was 

commenced in New Jersey." He 
had previously stated that it 

was 
estimated; "until towards the year 
1860, 9110 of those who undertook 
the Jersey-

it failed." Although n 
men had heard something about 
the success of cranberry culture in 

New England, "they knew little, 
or nothing of the methods of culti-
vation by which this was achieved." 

It was possible to set out large 
acreage in New Jersey with small 

proce 
capital. The processwas simple.

ita The w pe 

to build a dam, Not only do you 
hold water over the selected site

One method was 
that you can train your vines in the Spring so that you can pick much 

for two years to drown out vege-better in the Fall. 
of purchasing a Western Picker. The first

There are two methods $160.00. The other way is 

way is all cash in advance and you save 

down and the balance on delivery. This way you save $50.00 

trunks were removed, more were $150.00 
still assured of delivery of a Western Picker.
not. A bog might be four or five and are as follows:


The cash and time payment prices for each month are 

feet out of level. Weeding was Total time payment price

Cash price durinz month with $150.00 with order: 

WESTERN PICKERS, INC. 

1172HIEMLOCK AVENUE COOS BAY, OREGON 
It is interesting to observe how few Americans know (or have 
the difference between Fascism, Nazism, Communism or

thought of) 
as distinguished from Americanism.

Socialism, 

These forms of "closed" societies are something that they have in
Europe and is just something that does not concern us.
But is this exactly true?
our present American way of life, labor unions are getting


Under 
are being helped by Government rulings which greatly

stronger. They system, where Union dues

further their operations, such as the "check-in" 

are taken out of your salary. This is only one of the very big helps to 

Unions. 
strike with or without cause, and be assured of a 

A Union can now 
It is not even necessary to tell what you

place at the bargaining table. 

are striking for. 

The Union leaders are now so strong that it is more desirable to be 

a Union President than President of the United States. They hold their 
positions for life and can name their own salary and cannot be replaced. 
Because the Government has placed these Unions on such a strong Po


sition, the next logical step is to regulate these Unions more closely so 

that these Unions cannot control our National economy such as Lewis 

has been doing with his coal miners. The next step would then be to see 
what becomes of all the Union money and to oust those entrenched Union 
leaders and take over the management of the Union. 

iThisis Fascism. The Government controls the Unions and the Unions 
control the Government. This is what happened in Italy under 
and can very easily happen in the United States. Then the 

Mussolini to strike because he cannot strike against

working man loses his right to change jobs because his Union

the Government. He loses the right 
tells him what to do. He loses his initiative because there is no recompense 
and he becomes a poor workman because he cannot be paid according 
to his ability to produce. 

How close are we Americans to this Fascist way of life? Do your 

own meditating. 
This next year Social Security benefits are to be extended to include 
Agricultural labor. 
means that employers of cranberry every man received

ister-theyThis will have to report how much moneyworkers will have to reg-

from him. He will have to withhold a certain amount to be sure that 
his workmen Day their income tax. It can mean that you do not pick 

own pickers, but get them apportioned to you by your Employment

your so that the Gov-

Agency, and you will have to take bookkeeping lessons 
rmeernment to avoid much of this bother is to do

Auditors can chck up on you. 

One way for a small Grower 
you own work with a Western Picker.


To get a Western Picker, you are going to have to place your order 
soon, because after the Elections are over no one can be sure about get-

tong anythg.a small corporation, working capital

Because Western Pickers Inc. is 
a great reduction

is a very important item. To get this working capital 

in price for early orders is made. Early ordering also assures you of a 

Picker, because all orders will be filled numerically, and after

Western 
a noint will be reached where we can no longer fill your order. 
a while get your picker cheaper, but you get it sooner so 

given but the scantiest of atten-of 
Nov. 1950 890.00 
tion. Little regard was paid to Dec. 910.00 
or for a fast reflow in Jan. 1951 930.00

drainage Feb. 950.00 
times of frost. Good, coarse sand Mar, 970.00 

April 990.00 

was not as easily available as on May 1010.00 

June 1030.oQ

Cape Cod. Sanding was not the 
July 1040.00 
general rule. The objective and Auly 1050.00 

in as many Place your orders direct to Western Pickers 

tradition was to put 
or to the following representatives:

acres as possible and to get good 

$ 970.00

980.00 

990.00 

I000.00 
1010.00 

1020.00 
1030.00

1040.00 

1045.00 

1050.00 

Inc., Coos Bay, Oregon 

they Washington-Yock & O'Hagan, Grayland, Wash. 

crops without sanding--and Wisconsin -Jerry Brockman, Vesper, Wisconsin 

J. Hillstrom, South Middleboro, Mass. 
did get heavy production inexpen-Massachusetts-R. (ADVT.) 

(Continued on Page 11) 

Four 


,t~NI/L /CRANBERRy

5 

ISSUE OF OCT. 1950-VOL. 15, NO. 6 

Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year.Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. 

FRESH FROM THE FIELDS CompiledbyC.J.H. 

MASSACHUSETTS THE SITUATION 

Rainfall Continues Down In Massachusetts, as of the first week in October, harvest was

1Rainfall ntinues b worst This due to days too wetRainfall, so badly needed by the to pick, but more importantly the acute shortage of harvest labor. With growers, was deficient for the October beginning some of the growers, mainly the larger ones did not

month of September, the total be-have a quarter of their crop in. Harvest is expected to continue until theing 2.21 inches at the State Bog. end of October and probably into November. Labor is much scarce in 

Co Down behind usual, the in many years. was 
away 

other areas, too. 

This included the rains of the tail oterareas,

This inelud.ed the rains of the tail Car shipments through Middleboro as of end of September were

end of the tropical hurricane which 186 as compared to 256 last year. However, this is not true picture 

as 

swept over Southeastern Massa-more and more berries each yea are going out over the road, perhapschusetts the 11th and 12th, this half as many have gone by trucks this year as by rail. 
being only 1.06. During that Eastern Early Blacks were opened by American Cranberry Ex


bsein onle 106that Duanbrriang change on September 12th as follows: $3.00. a quarter, or $12.00 a bbl.,

storm over Cranberry Land high (cellophane bags) which is $1.00 less than last year. "window boxeswinds roared for about 36 hours, $3.15 a guarter, while what small part of the crop went in the loose, 

or 
trees were felled, power and tele-the old wooden box were set at $2.75 a quarter.

phone lines were disrupted, and Prices held and early demand was good. There was a slowing upthere wastheresomem da e to all about October 1, as first demands were

dramage small filled and warmer weather set

in.
craft along the shore. Quality was called "very good," and color good. There:-was someThere was no injury to bogs as frost in the berries at the end of Sept. Some felt the 600,000 bbl. esti


there was in the huge wave which mate would be reached. Others were not so sure.
accompanied the hurricane of From Wisconsin it was reported berries were expected to be not quite


1938, when the wind was from the as small as first expected, with quality very good in most cases. This1938, w was from the may raise Wisonsin's revised lower estimate. Jersey reports little

when the ind

southeast, the September hurricane and quality better than '49 which was better than average. 
rot 

of this year being from the oppo-Cranberry Growers Council has made a tentative allocation of the

site quarter. Some growers, how-cooperative part of the crop it controls (NCA, ACE) as 50 per cent forever, hastened to put Dashboards in fresh markets, 30 for processing, and 20 unallocated, or left flexible.
their outlets where near salt water NCA has set its sight to handle 300,0:00 bbls., and according to Co


wheroperative

their outlets News it expects to dehydrate 20,000 bbls. which it hopes willto prevent salt water in the creeks be bought for the Armed Forces which will be provided with a largefrom backing up and going onto amount of turkey for Thanksgiving. It also is selling sauce in gallonthe bogs. Greatest loss to the sizes in limited quantity to Army-Navy for domestic use. 
cranberry men was in the waste from the huge forest fires in Can-average of 23. Sunday was a cold 
of time during the two-day rain, as ada. The sun was partially b-day, the coldest on record for that 
many had planned to start picking scured at times, and cast a yellow-date, according to the Boston weaon 
the 11th on a rather large scale. ish, gloomy light. The pall was ther bureau. There were snow 

Total at Boston gave a minus for very noticeable. urre hern ew 
the month of 2.25, while the total October Predicted Coolern nrthen e 
for the year to October 1 was only While September was slightly Sunday night gave every indica


21.17 inches or a deficiency since colder than normal, the U. S.y severe frost, 
January 1 of 9.04 from normal. Weather Bureau had predicted that although late in the afternoon the 
Month Cooler Than Normal October will be a warmer month ky clouded up and there was wind. 
The month was colder than nor-This continued until about three

than normal in the Eastern part oied until out 
mal, about a degree and a half a of the country, but cooler than us-plock when the clouds disapday 
less than normal, although the ual in the Western half. ered and the wind stopped. The 
temperatures for the year are a Frost Losses temperature then droppe precip 

total of 332 degree units. Colder weather moved in with a itously. Bog temperatures locallySoutheastern Massachusetts, as bang on Saturday, Sept. 23, with ranged from 27 to 18at two bogsdid much of the East, experienced the first real frost of the year oc-in Carver. At a bog in East W 
a "week of gloom" the latter part curring. Temperatures on the ham there was a low of 18~;. The ' 
of September, due to drifting smoke cranberry bogs ranged about an bog of the Lowell Cranberry Comn-

Five 


pany at Carlisle in Middlesex coun-
ty also recorded 18. 

Monday night brought the third 
in the series, with temperatures in 
Southeastern Massachusetts aver-
aging 22-23. A low of 16 was 
reached at the Green, Rhode Island 
bog. 

Frost losses up to that point 
had been negligible. An estimate

ahad bee Se bogofles estimate-

on 
at the State bog of losses on Sun-


day night ran as rather high, one 
of the most severe in several years.


of the most severe in several years. 
Cause was probably mainly water 
scarcities, either complete lack of 
water or an attempt to save what 
little there was for future emerfi-

for the month were writ-
enoff by Dr. Franklin as an "out-

Losses 

side" three per cent. October was

side threegper Octo

cent. was 
still ahead,apicking was extremely 
delayed, and water supplies con-

tinued to dwind~le as of the first

to dwindle as of the first 
part of October. 
First frost warning of the season 

went out Sunday, the 17th. Aver-
age low was 25, with a few 23-24. 
There was a frost the previous 
evening, but no warning, and a few 
green berries were picked. 

NEW JERSEYries

-NEWY JE 

September Cool, Dry 

September was another cool, 
cloudy month in New Jersey, with 
a deficiency of heat, sunshine and 
rainfall. The average daily mean 
temperature for the month was 

63.5 degrees, compared. to the nor-
mal of 68.2 degrees. In spite of 
excess of cloudy weather, the rain-
fall for the month was only 2.10 
inches, compared to the normal of 
4.17 inches. For good measure, 
there was an almost complete obscuring 
of the sun, caused by smoke 
from the Canadian forest fires 
from the 24th through the 27th. 
This haze was unusual because ice 
crystals were combined with the 
smoke particles. The combination, 
apparently, made a screen that was
apparently, made a screen that was 
effective in moderating the frosts 
of the mornings of the 24th, 25t, 
and 26th. Bog temperatures of

°° 

26 to 28 were general the first 

two of these mornings. So far, no 
grower has reported any injury of 
importance. Information from the 
authorities is that smoke alone will 
not check radiation of heat enough 
to moderate a frost condition. 

six 

Cranbery HarvestLate 

Cranberry harvesting is behind 
schedule because of poor weather 
and scarcity of scoopers this sea-
son. The quality of the New Jer-
sey crop is well above average this 

season, with even less rot than in 
the 1949 crop which was also above 
average in quality. 
Fruitworm Damage 

Very heavy flights of Sparga-
nothis fruitworm moths have oc-
curre o numerous properties 

this season during September. 
Considerable damage to the crop 
s o d on a fw b , 
by and large, it has not been very 
serious. The reason for the sud-
den appearance of this pest, which 
had heretofore been localized on a 
few bogs, throughout the cranberry 

rowing area is not known. With 

such a heavy moth flight this fall, 

the big question is, of course, what 

will the infestation be like next 

season? 

WISCONSIN 

Berries Not as Small as Feared 

Harvesting started about Sep-

tember 18, and operations were in 

ful lswing a week later. The ber-

were, at early harvest, at 

least not quite as small as first 

expected, and the color should be 

good, the quality very good in 

most cases. Wisconsin Cranberry 

Sales Company shipped its first 

order on September 22, three days 

earlier than last year. The order 

was Jumbo Searles. 

Labor Scarce 

Labor situation is rather acute; 

most marshes had sizeable crews, 

-—""" 

.... . 

but none to spare. 

Personals 

Prof. Earle Cox, University of 
Massachusetts, spent a few days 
around the marshes in the Wisconsin 
Rapids area, being especially 

interested in the marsh lay-outs, 
the raking machines and cellophane 
equipment and machinery. 

Two new members of Wisconsin 
Cranberry Sales are Thomas Dreovr, 
Chicago, and Arthur Nelson, 
Three Lakes. Both own new de


velopments at Three Lakes. 
GON 

Harvest Delayed 

Berries were late and uneven in 

ripening, as harvesting started off 

during the week of Sept. 23, which 

was interrupted by three days of 

heavy rain. On Oct. 3, harvest 

was still being delaped by a downpour 
of rain. 
Early Frosts 
Unprecedented frosts began on 
Sept. 29 to Oct 2; lows were 

.Orn in 
around 25. Over-confidence in 
Oregon weather caused some loss 
due to lack of protection Most 
growers used sprinkler systems, 

however. 

D. J. Crowley of Washington 
Cranberry -Blueberry Lab was 
scheduled to visit Oregon marshes 
Oct. 5-6, and meetings were 
planned at North Bend and Ban-
don to give growers a chance to 
confer with him. At the same 
time D. A. Steenland, plant disease 
specialist, and Ralph Clark 
of Oregon State College paid of


ficial visits. 

_ p_
.


It's the only carbonated Cranberry drink and, 
blended with Cola, is a real treat. The children love 
it and it's a super mix for the grown-ups. One gallon 
of syrup makes 128 drinks. Send for it now. 

$1.00 a Quart or $3.50 a on 

(POSTAGE PREPAID) 

CANBERRY COLA CORPORATO

CRANBERRY COLA CORPORATION
Abington, Massa:husAtts
NO C. 0. D. s



.A .» •payroll

./~F

A Reason For Wisconsin s Growing

Production-Good_the Frost Forecasting 

Production-Good Frost 

Since James W. Milligan, Meteorologist, Took Over Three 

Seasons Ago. Losses have been Neglible, where Formerly 

Heavy.-Been in Weather Service Since 1930. 

_.~~__________ ~with 
by 

Clarence J. Hall 

One possible reason why Wisconsin is steadily gaining in production 
per acre is the Wisconsin Cranberry Frost Warning Service, now in its 
third season. James W. Milligan, Meteorlogist, who is in charge during 
the long frost season, won't say as much, but some value of the service 
may be determined from the few frost losses since the service was or-
ganized. During the past two years, losses have been negligible, prob-
ably less than one percent. Before, losses in some years were extremely 
heavy. Take the year 1947, when 40,000 barrels were lost in a single 
night, roughly 20 percent of the crop. 

Wisconsin, as far as its cranberry marshes are concerned, is one of 
the most difficult and hazardous areas for frosts. Frosts are likely to 
occur frequently from early May (when vine growth starts). until late 
in June when blossoming begins, occasionally in July and August, and 
with increasing frequency in September. Any frost could cause partial 
to total failure of the crop. Occasional summers are too cold for the 
berries to develop normal size. Other weather troubles are the local 
hail storms or torrential rains which occur every summer over some sec-
tion of the state, also adding to the crop reduction. 

"To Near The Arctic Circle" bogs to those of New Jersey. By 

in the U. S. Department 
of Commerce, Weather Bureau, 

project is in co-operation with 
the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales 
Company, the Mid-west Cranberry 

Cooperative, and independent 

growers. The Frost Warning Ser


vice is truly a cooperative project, 

the Weather Bureau and the 
Wisconsin cranberry growers 

sharing expenses equally. All 
growers benefit from his service. 
His headquarters this year 
are in the office of the Sales Company, 
with a teletype installation 

in the basement of the local West


er Union office. The past two 

years he maintained an office at 

the new Mid-west Building 

Milligan has had 20 years of 
experience in weather forecasting 
and came to the Badger State with 
a lot of valuable background. 

He was born in Durant, Oklahoirma, 
when his section of that 
state was still Indian Territory. 
So, Mr. Miligan says jokingly, "I 
really don't know whether I'm 
even a citizen of the United States, 
or not." 

He attended the University of 
Oklahoma from 1926-1930, having 
majored in geology and meteorology. 
He had intended to be a 
geologist, but the depression feeling 
of the early 1930's was not 
conductive to good jobs in that 
field, so he turned to meteorology. 

In Hurricane Service 

Although always with the U. S. 
eather Bureau, much of his work 
rir to e pecialized frs irst 

nternational Airport at Browns


vInternational Airport at Browns-

The state has its special prob-
lems in regard to frosts, as Mete-
orologist Milligan has found out 
by experience. "Roughly speak-
ing," he says, "we are too close to 
the Arctic Circle. i. e., too near the 
origin of the cold air masses. The 
Great Lakes to the northeast and 
east add more complications to the 
forecast problem. Out here the 
weather can change rapidly in the 
matter of a few hours. In many 

to interpret the impending weather 
changes as it may affect the grow-
ers' operations for the night or 
succeeding nights, with no inten-
tion of supplanting the growers' 
old reliable method of making fre-
quent temperature checks during 
the night." 

Part of the difficulty of the frost 
situation in Wisconsin is the wide-
spread area of the industry. From 
north to south, the marshes are 
spread about 300 miles, south to 
the Berlin area in the Fox River 
Valley, north to the Lewis Cran-
berry Company marsh at Lake 
Minong. This is equal to the dis-
tance between the Massachusetts 

way of comparison, Dr. Franklin 
would have to send out a warn-
ing which would cover New Jersey 
as well as Massachusetts. From 
the East to West the distance of 
the marshes is about 200 miles. 
Forcasting accurately enough to 
give protective warning for such 
an area, on cranberry marshes 
(which vary widely in their own 
local locations as to frost suscepti-
bility) has its limitations as can 

In addition to cutting frost 

losses, the service has saved waterville, Texas in 1930 on the Mexi 

for the growers on many a night, 
and that is a valuable feature in 
any cranberry district. Not only 
in the saving of tHurricane 
but in water injury. 

Milligan "On Loan" 
This service to the cranberry 
grower is the only one of its type 
in the country. In a way it might 

be said that Milligan is "on loan" 
to the Wisconsin cranberry indus-
try for a five-year experimental 
basis, with the possibility of this 
type of service being extended to 
other crops, if it works out satis-
factorily. Still on the Governemnt 

cn order. Afterthat he was 
transferred to the Airport at

transferred to the at 

eensboro, North Carolina. When

Greensboro, North Carolina. When 

Warning Service 
was established in 1935, he was 

sent back to Texas and served at 
Corpus Christi. Subsequently he 
moved to Jacksonville, Fla., as an 
observer in the District Forecast 
Office. In April 1936, he was again 
transferred to Key West, Fla., and 
remained there until the Fall of 
1938, at which time he was assigned 
to the Fruit-Frost work in 
Lakeland. He alternated between 
Florida frost work in the winter 

Seven 


to summer hurricane warning 
service along the Texas coast. Ex-
cept for on'i year in the Forecast 
Division of the Central Office in 
Washington during 1941 when he 
was in charge of the Washington 
Weather Map, he has remained 
connected with frost work during 
the last twelve years. 

Currently he winters at Lake-
land, Fla., as a field meteorologist 
in the' Lake Okeechobee vegetable 
section and spends his summers 
and early fall in Wisconsin. Mil-

' 

ligan says, "'It sounds better on 
paper than it really is." He is 
married, has two children, a boy 
and a girl. 

"My job in Wisconsin certainly 
offers a challenge to any weather 
forecaster," he adds. Forecasting 
of Wisconsin weather is in a class 
of its own since a great number of 
the frost threats are borderline 
cases and constant vigilance must 
be maintained throughout the sea-
son. It is seldom that there are 
periods of more than a few days 
when a potential threat is not in 
the offing. 

"In addition to the daily fore-

cast problem, there are periods 

during the season when long 

range forecasts are desirable. In 

this insect control is important. 

It depends upon the forecaster's 

initiative to keep growers informed 

of synoptic conditions which are 

favorable for no rain or frost for 

several days. 

Complete Forecasts 

"Wording of the forecasts must 

be given careful consideration so 

as to fully inform growers of defi-

nite frost threats, or if borderline 

cases, to give the grower a definite 

measuring stick to gauge his acti-

vities." ' 

Here is a typical forecast, if 

any may be called typical. It was 

sent out May 27th of this year. 

"Mostly clear tonight with 

light frost northern and pos-

sibly southern bogs. Not quite 

so cold northwestern bogs and 

scattered areas southern bogs. 

Lowest bog temperatures north-

eastern 26 to 31 northwestern. 

Southern bogs coldest areas 28 

to warmest bogs 32. Light var-

iable winds. Future outlook no 

frost danger Sunday night. Low-

A£ipht 

est last night Shell Lake 28, 

Rapids 27-30, Cranberry Lake" 

26. 
A perfect condition for frost on 
the Wisconsin marshes exists when 
a high pressure system from the 
northwest (with cool dry air) 
moves eastward over Lake Sup-
erior, sending cold north winds 
down over Wisconsin, or when the 
high settles directly over the state. 

Individual areas within the 
spread-out Wisconsin cranberry 
belt vary, of course, as do individ-
ual marshes. Features of the 
topography, amvount of water in, 
and size of reservoirs, conditions 
and developments of bogs them-
selves all call for knowledge of 
both general and localized condi-
tions-and experience which is 
being built up. The weather fore-
caster must have a thorough 
knowledge of marsh conditions and 
operations in order to evaluate 
every frost threat in terms which 
will give sufficient warning to the 
many different areas. 

Contacts with the growers and 
officials connected with the indus-
try take up a goodly portion of 
the forecaster's time and a sym-
pathetic attitude to their individ-

ual problems is maintained. 
Naturally, many of the growers 
who have been in business for 
many years have long experience 
and decided ideas on the Wis-
consin weather picture. The ma-
jority have sound and logical 
weather patterns in mind, gained 
from this practical experience 
which is valuable in supplementing 
the forecaster's interpretations 

and his warnings. 

The Forecaster's Day 

The Wisconsin forecaster's day 

is from 8:30 to 4:30, except Sat-

urdays and Sundays when he is 

on the job from 8:30 to 11 a. m 

That is, these are the hours un-

less the situation seem's especially 

fraught with danger. Then he 

works at night, if it is necessary to 

draw later maps. 

Starting the day, Mr. Milligan 

collects minimum and maximum 

temperatures from marsh owners. 

He also has five observers who re-

port daily, one of these having 

been on the job more than 30 years 
observing the weather. This is 

Alex Grimshaw of Mather. He has 
the general weather reports and 
maps from the Chicago weather 
Bureau. He also draws daily synoptic 
maps in order to project various 
movements, and interpret 
what they mean to the growers. 

Distribution 

After the daily morning synoptic 
weather map has been drawn and 
analyzed, the forecast is prepared 
and after consulting with the forecaster 
at Chicago, (an invaluable 
aid in preparing a master forcast) 
it is then distributed. Distribution 
begins via Western 
Union wire to the Weather Bureau 
at Milawukee which then phones to 
United Press and Associated Press. 
The two press agencies send the 
forecast out to more than 20 radio 
stations over the Wisconsin split 
at 11:30 a. m. The radio stations 
generally broadcast the warnings 
several times during the day. In 
addition to the radio, a daily CND 
service is distributed by Western 
Union for a small monthly fee for 
those growers who desire the cranberry 
bulletins by wire. For local 
distribution both cranberry cooperatives 
receive daily advice, and 
the Rapids station a copy of 
the forecast on Sunday. When 
frost warnings are involved a 
warning goes out by telephone to 
the Cranmoor operator and to the 
City Point operator who redis


tributes to the growers in that 

area. For late night advices all 

the CND list growers, as well as 

Cranmoor and City Point opera


tors are called for redistribution to 

other growers. 

The Massachusett's formula, so 

called, is not used, as it is con


sidered too "set" for the varying 

Wisconsin conditions, although a 

hygrometric formula is used as a 

guide 20 to 30 perdent of the time. 

"There is so much area involved, 

there are so many frost pockets, 

wooded areas, reservoirs and the 

vines vary so in the state of de


velopment and condition that a set 

formula is out of question much 

of the time," Mr. Milligan declares. 

The forecasts are more general 

when the season starts, becoming 

detailed as the it progresses. 

Check Scoring System 

Due to many variable problems 


in the exact verification of the Wi sin's Queen Donna Rakes Cranberri 

forecasts, a scoring system isn used8 

patterned upon similar items of 
experimental workers. It is an 
arbitary system of evaluation 
based on variable factors not 
normal to true weather conditions 
and beyond the exact measurement 
due to the employment of 
standard cranberry protection 
practices. The score is (0) warn-.. 
ings not justified (minimurr bog 
temperatures 38 or above recorded); 
(1) reasonable doubt 
(minimum bog temper 5-e 
37 recorded), (2) fully justified 
(minimum bog temperatures 32-34 
recorded (3) within temperature 
range indicated minimum bog 
temperatures 32 or lower recorded. 

In the 1949 season there was a 
total of 20 days in May and the 
score given was 50s1/, with only 
one zero score, all the rest being

Ws 
two and two and one-half and 
threes; in June there were three 
days with a score of 8; in July 

........ 
. ...... L 

pow? 


atures 
.... 

0 n of 

. ... 
' 

none, in September 7 days a scorepara 
of 18 and in September 20 days i 
with the score of 58, again onlyThe c t c y q n 
one zero twos and two and a half 
and mostly threes. 

There were definite frost warnings 
issued fronr2 May 2 to October 
2 on 50 days and the percentage 
of verification based upon the 
scoring system was 87. On two 

days frost warnings were issuedas, 
and not justified and on three days 

cautionary warnings 
and not justified. 
were issued 
1949 Score of 87 
The percentagest 87 would 

seem to be pretty satisfactory. 
Yet meteorologists, like journa-
lists and those of some other oc-
cupations, live in glass houses. 
The writer happened to be in Wis-
consin on a morning when a warn-
ing had been issued the night be-
fore. It seems, although nothing 

serious resulted, Meteorologist 
Milligan had not hit some locali-
ties quite low enough. He was 
receiving a good-natured ribbing 
from growers-and taking it good 
naturedly. 

Now is the county fair season, 
the only time of year when a live 
fat hog can get favorable atten-
tion. 

Wisconsin's Queen Donna Rakes Cranberries 

"Welcome to Cranberry Land", 
ramincleeD 
\ico i 
igges nd igsoo reer eanis mwos, 
the coronation ceremony and 
coronation ball Fifteen thousand 
and notjutiie.Cow Epieces of cranberry pie, baked by 

of aade t 

15,000 EatCranberry Pie, 

ueen is Cr ne n 

to Visit Minneapolis Aqua-ie 

tennial in 1951p 

Wisconsin went all out for its 
1950 "Cranboree", September 28, 
with 20,000 reported jamming the 
city of Wisconsin Rapids, which, 
incidentally, was hailed by U. S. 
Senator Alexander Wiley who 
placed the crown on the head of 
the new queen, Donna Schelvan, as 
_______________//"the Nation/s Cranberry Center"L

Nation's Center". 
Program included the biggest and 
longest parade in the history of the 
Rapids, an afternoon fireworks set 
piece program which spelled out 

women of the city, were eaten 

wi th indemand.s

more r 

A feature of the program was 

thea o 


a, he ue of cHa-c 
and f as 

sented by the Wisconsin Rapids 

Chber of Commerce, which had 

spent weeks in preparation 

Queen 

The current cranberry queen is 

a 20-year-old brunette, the daugh


ter of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Shelvan, 

of Wisconsin Rapids. It was her 

second coronation, as she reigned 

as queen of junior prom in her 

high school career. She is em


ployed in the Rapids Western Un


ion office. 

As awards she will receive com-

Nine 


in the rarade. Entries may be 

anything from floats to trucks 
ard maciner:y to individuals in 
cars. 

rhle ine queen entries so far 
.e N na Faby, sponsored by Ran-
dol h C-omm.unity Club, Treva 
I inor. Bandon Riding Club, Joyce 
Van Eaton, Bandon Woman's Civic 
Clu, Glenda Cant, Soutnwest 
Oregon Cranberry Club, Jo Anne 
Chapman, Bandon Business and 
Professional Woman's Club Barb-

Richert, Military Order of 
Cooties, velma Roland, Bandon 
Odd Fellows and Rebekahs, Marjorie 
Davidson, Bandon Post, 
American Legion. 

Wareham Cranberry

Fstivl NO 11 

FesIva. II 

American Legion Staging 
Fifth Annual Affair with 
Football Game, Parade, 
Queen Selection and Coronation 
Ball. 

The Sixth "Origina iran 

Dance, sponsored by Wareham 
(Ma) Post American Legion 
and Auxiliary takes place Satur


dared she had never "seen where 
'raspberries' were grown before"; 
Senator Wiley called his gift of a 
cranberry pie a "peach", and a 
barbershop quartette, which was 
one of the hits, sang "Down in the 
Old Cherry Orchard". Cranberry 
corsages were worn by many of the 
women attending. 

Weather was perfect for the 
event-a warm, sunny autumn day. 

Bandon Cranberry

Fe a C rara 

Festival, Queen 

Contest NOV. 4 5 

The 1950 Bandon (Oregon) 

Cranberry Festival is to be heldm 
Friday and Saturday, November 
4th and 5th. Nine candidates for 
the title of cranberry queen were 

entered by various organizations 

of the cranberry area of South-

western Oregon. 

Queen contestant supervisor is 

Mrs. C. G. Girard, who is arrang-

ing for photographs and gowns, 

which are provided the girls by the 

Bandon Cranberry Festival Com-

mittee. 

Harry F. Jensen is chairman of 

the festival parade which this 

will be in four sections. 

plete new outfit, an all-expense 
paid trip to the 1951 Minneapolis 
Aquatennial, and was offered a 
scholarship by the Patricia Vance 
school of modeling. Miss Betty 
Crook, Wisconsin's '49 queen, who 
was present at the Rapids cere-
monies, was so honored last year 
at the Minneapolis affair, which 
was visited by an estimated mil-
lion. 

No less than 16 bands paced the 
parade. Included in the marchers 
were the Iron -Mountain (Mich-
igan) drill team, the Indian drum 
and bugle corps from Bowler, Wis-
consin, with the majorette literally 
doing an Indian war dance as she 
led, many extremely elaborate 
floats and huge balloons. 

Two local National Guard bat-

teries, officers from the sheriff's 

oftfte and police from the neigh-

boring cities of Wausan, Stevens 

Point and Marshfield,aildd Wis-

consin officials in keeping order 

among the throngs, which were 

orderly in nature. 

Most of the festivities took place 

before a sparkling white shell at 

Lincoln fieldhouse, where the even-

ing ball was also held. 

Cranberry pie-eating contest was 

won by David Twin, Wisconsin 

Rapids, who polished off half a 

cranberry pie in 40 seconds flat. 

Amusing incidents of the celebra-

tion were when Miss Hawaii de-

llll1ltlll mlllllllltllllIlllllllllll 

year 

and business day, November , Armistice Day.

Every organization In the afternoon there will be the 
in Coos and northern Curry counties 
has been invited to take partgame

between last year's contestants, 
Wareham and Foxboro high school 

• elevens. At the evening dance the 
i Queen will be chosen and crowned. NIjCRNATwill a big stage show

There be 

lllllllll(lllllIIIIBIIIItlBIttltii8 

ITZ ~ 6th ORIGINAL 
I*C~~~~~~ 

1QU~EEN

:I~CRANBERRY 

_ and dancing, plus prizes, includ-
TIing the popular cranberry guessing 
contest, in which the number of 

beries in a glass jar is estimated. 
Ui State Representative Alton H. 

* Worrall has assumed the responsibilities 
of the general chairmanship. 
Henry Hawes, cranberry 
grower and past commander of the 
post is first vice chairman, Post 
Commander Harrison Bailey, sec-
U ond vice chairman and Past Com-
X mander William L. Ross, Jr., third 

vice chairman. Mrs. Henry Hawes 

LAfL

BBFESTI and D NCE 

b ~~~~I

Sponsored*

by 
POST No. 220, AMERICAN LEGION 


~Sponsored 

_ L 

-S 

WAREHAM 

-Mmra 

and

Ton 

AUXILIARY

Warem-

AUXILIA, Y 

Hall, WareEham, Mass. 
ATA VENING11 p m


NVEMBER 8 
-NOVEMBER 11, p.m. 

Massachusetts' 

CRANBERRY QUEEN 

will be chosen and crowned. 

I*-Memorial Town 

jSATUR=DAY EVENING 

CRANBERRY BOWL 
FOOTBALL GAME 

I* 2 P. M. 

Foxboro High-Wareham High PARADE 12 NOON 
$25.00 Door Prize-$25.00 Cranberry Guessing Contest 

Holmes, assistant secretary; 

Fran-
John 
publi


a co

a col-

I cis F. Reed 

_ Maddigan is 
U city. 

Big Stage Show and Dancing 

* ADMISSION $1.50, Tax Included 
DON'T MISS THIS GALA HAPRVESTll.I EVENT
_IllllllllllIl!!l_ 

Tfillllrilllill~lpllil 

is treasurer. 
chairman of 

for

plans call for

lll

Tlntantuive 


orful parade preceding the foot-
ball game. 
-—'in---


Cranberry History

(Continued from Page 4)

sively grown. As will be show 
they, also apparently had great 
ability and fondness for organiza-
tion, and before long were to forge 
ahead of Massachusetts in the 

business in nearly every way; that 
is for time. ' 

On this matter of sanding there 
was considerable division of opin-
ion. Barclay White, writing in 

1870, had come to at least four 
very definite conclusions of neces-
sary requisities. These were: "a 
peat or muck soil, free from loam 
or clay; clean beach sand for cov-
ering the peat; a dam and water, 
to overflow the vines when neces-
sary; thorough drainage." 

Daniel H. Shreve 

mostly found of the best quality 
in cedar swamps". A second step 
good bog building he had learn-
ed, was thorough drainage. After 

shothe wan^p had been cleared of turf 
and vegetation, the surface 
smoothed, "throoughly ditched and 
drained, it is then ready for the 
sand" 
As to sand he wanted this ma-
terial, "clean, coarse, and entirely 
free from any mixture of loam... 
Without the sand, vines planted 
upon peat will grow luxuriously, 
and may bear one or two crops... 
The presence of sand is absolutely 
necessary in the growth of the 
healthful and fruitful vine. . . In 
addition to checking the too luxur-
growth of the vine .... pre-
vents the growth of weed., The 
depth of the sand upon the' peat 
should not be less than 6 inches." 

been dangerously dry over all New 

England during October and fire 

hazard was extreme. Some areas 

got a much heavier soaking than 

did Southeastern Massachusetts. 
Reservoirs and ponds are critically 
low throughout the cranberry district. 
Weather first ten days of 
October was warm and sunny, good 
harvest days. 

VISIT BANDON 

C. M. Chaney, executive vice-
president, ACE, with R. P. Russell, 
Seattle, in charge of ACE 
western sales, visited Bandon, Oregon, 
meeting with West Coast ACE 
members in late September. 
Mr. Chaney reported he expected 
quality berries were to be 
found in every producing area. 
He said size of the crop was large, 
but unexpected factors might enter 
in to reduce final figures 
slightly, such as size of berries, 
and unusual weather conditions, 
for instance, early frosts. 

Mr. Russell told the growers 
that most of the sales were made 
after October 15th, and that the 
greatest demand now is for the 
cellophane bag. 

|c


Daniel H.Shree(To be continued)

Daniel H. Shreve, one of the 

earliest of large Jersey growers, 
also believed in sand and thorough 
drainage. He wrote it was neces-
sary to find a peat or muck bot-
tom and the peat should be with-
out any mixture of loam or mud. 
"In our swamps it rests generally 
upon a coarse white sand, and is 

(To becontinued) 

CRITICALLY DRY 

Massachusetts cranberry area had 
its first rain on October 10th, al-
though even this wasn't much, .53 
inches (State Bog), since Sept. 22, 
when there was but .08. The last 
real rain was during the tail end 
of the hurricane. Weather has 

pi

bep 1W"ti 

N h


PLYMOUTH YARMOUTH 
Tel. 740 Tel. Barnstable 107 

Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries 

Eleven 


faned New England cameraman 
of both black and white color.

5000 Attend 3rd Annual Cranberry Harvest There were four classes for the 
amateurs to pop away in (1) har-

And Festival of NCA at Edaville, Mass. 
vest scenes and landscapes, (2) 

Miss Beverly Richards of Massachusetts is Selected National Cranberry Queen pictures, (3) 
Queen by Photograph Contest-Charlton Heston, New cranberry screenig, (4) subect 

open to be judged on originality in 

Movie Star, is Cranberry King-2,000 Served at Chicken 
depicting atmosphere of Cranberry 

'n Cranberry Barbecue. 

An estimated 5,000 persons saw 
Miss Beverly Richards, 21, of 
Foxboro, Massachusetts, crowned 

queen of the National Cranberry 
Association, third annual Cranber-
ry Festival at "Edaville," South 
Carver, Saturday, October 7th. 
Miss Richards, who was first se-
lected at the Wareham American 
Legion Post, 220, last November 
as its queen, won through submit-
ted photographs over contestants 
from New Jersey, Wisconsin, Ore-
gon and Washington, the other 

cranberry growing areas of the 
country. 


Judging was by Jack Hilty, star 
of the musical, "Oklahoma," Ray 
Rogers, director of the Rogers 
Model Agency, Boston, and Julius 
Fabian Bachrach, famous photo-
grapher of women. 


Miss Richards is the third to 
reeceive the crown, scepter and 
emblem at the Festival featured 
each year at "Edaville" by the Na-
tional. The first was Miss Marcia 
William's, South Carver, Mass., 
1948, the 1949 queen was Miss 
Betty Crook of Wisconsin Rapids, 
Wisconsin. Miss Williams and 

Miss Theresa Guertin of Middle-
boro, Mass., winners of the '48 
Wareham Legion contest were 

ladies in waiting to Queen 
Beverley in the ceremonies at 
South Carver. 
Urann Crowns the Queeen 

"Cranberry King" who sat at 
the right hand side of Miss Rich-
ards through the ceremony, was 
Charlton Heston, television actor 
who has now been signed up as a 

Hollywood movie star. Actual 

coronation of Miss Richards was 
by Marcus L. Urann, ppresident 
of National Cranberry Association. 

Immediately preceding the 
coronation ceremony, there 

was 
the proclamation of Governor Paul 

E. Dever of Massachusetts pro-
claiming "National Cranberry 
Harvest Festival. 
Three prices, plus honorable 

Week from October 18th through mention of $1.00 will be offered 
the 25th. The Governor suggested ineach class. First prize $25.00; 
that all within the state give the second, 10.00 third $5.00. 

fullest observation possible. In 
the absence of the Governor at 
"Edaville", the Proclamation was 
read by his military aid, Lt. Col. 
Andrew W. LeQuoy. . 

1,~~~ 

The day's festivities began with 
a parade at Plymouth, sponsored 
the Plymouth Chamber of Com-
merce, this with a band at the head 
and a number of decorated floats, 
proceeeded from North Plymouth 
to Plymouth center. In the 
parade in a gaily-decorated car 
rode the Cranberry Queen and her 
ladies in waiting. 

At Edaville, the famous narrow-
guage, the only two-foot one in 
America, began making runs 
around the six miles of track, cir-
cling the bog, giving visitors the 
chance to see cranberry harvest in 
operation e * 1 1 *Xa

and other sights. The 
trains were long and crowded, with 
passenger cars, open gondolas and 

the parlor car bringing up at the 
rear. 
Amateur Photo Contest 
As an extra novelty the Edaville 
Harvest Festival sponsored a 
photography contest open to any 
amateur, with the National to 
award prices to those submitting 
prints not later than October 17th. 
With the wealth of photographic 
subjects available from cranberry 
queens, the railroad, the throngs, 
to the harvesting and handling of 

2000 Eat Chicken'n 

Cranberr Sauce 
Cranberry Sauce 
eaure th

ings was the chicken barbecue with 

n as the main 

as 
ture This is a combination which 
National Cranberr Association 
h w pshing through ex-
ti d sing rog s ad 
increase the use 
crnberr sa thuhut 

cranberry sauce, the main fea


of cranberry sauce throughout 
the year, rather than just in the 
winter m 

Some 6,000 pounds of freshlykil 
chicken were used in the 
ec ws dued 
aee, w h wasf of the 

Professor Ray E. Jones 

niversity of Connecticut. With 
u chco ie n 

of white-clad assistants this 
sco of white d a tats th 
secto o the e

dreds of spectators who watched 

e proceedings and sniffed the 

sell o cooking chicken long be 
t ecue to 

be served (12:30 to 1:30) had arrived. 
Provisions were made for 
2,000 ($1.50 a serving) and the 
entire 2,000 dinners were served. 
Paris Gown 

An unusual gift to the Queen 
ws an afternoon gown of black, 
designed especially for Miss Richards 
Alwynn, who was described 
as one of the leading 
younger dress designers of Paris, 
currently in Boston with the Puri-

berries, including screening andtan Dress Company. Before the 

packing there were many hundreds 
of cameras in evidence of every 
style and price range. The Festi-
val must have boosted the photo-
graphic business considerably, in-
eluding the makers of color film 
and flashlights. About everybody 
seemed to have a camera and to 
be shooting like crazy, even the 
professionals, which included such 
notables as Arthur Griffin, Boston, 

official presentation she was attired 
in this for a number of publicity 
photographs. 

The Cranberry King, Charlton 
Heston flew up from New York 
that day for the occasion. Heston 

is 6 ft. 2 inches tall, weighs 205 
p s and has bue eyes 

pounds gray blue 
and light brown curly hair. His. 
favorite sport is fencing. He is 

(Continued on Page 14) 

Twelve 


6^ls

ga. ^ lU .Vol. 15 No. 6 ( a 

I 

LESSENED PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION 

ACS of present—-early

the OctoberSthe

A5 of the present early October-the 

battle of the cranberry harvest is in full 

swing, and the situation, as they say of the 

military, is "fluid". What sort of a year

1950 will have turned out to be is as yet no 

means certain. 

Some Eastern growers are not too 

pleased by the opening price of ACE for 

Early Blacks. They assert they can make 

no money at that figure, with present-day 

costs. Other growers and some areas per-

haps can make a margin of profit. A small 

profit on a large volume is something. 
However, it is certain the cranberry

industry, like every other business, is goinginto a period of increasing costs for labor 
and other items, plus more taxes, and for 
certain forms of workers, coverage under 
Social Security. The growers can also look 
for growing scarcity of labor, as the draft 
of men expands and more workers are 
drawn into the vital defense plants. What-
ever the final outcome may be; in Korea, it 

be/in 
seems positive that we must remain geared 
to maintaining a much larger military force 
and the production of large amounts of war 
supplies. 

The spearhead of the cranberry industry's 
fight to get back to more normal con-
ditions must be to sell more cranberries, 
and particularly fresh cranberries. It is 
simple to type out such a statement, but 
how it is to be done is another matter, but 
the industry must decide it somehow. We 

feel, however, that with the more careful-
ly-planned promotional campaigns for both 
fresh and processed fruit we are on the 
right track. -So 

To turn tothe talk of Prof. ross re-
ported elsewhere in this issue, there are 
two mighty interesting points he brings out. 
One is that production of cranberries has 

not kept pace with the increase in popu-

l Thatce withould bthe ing, that

ation. ncouragse

lation. That would be encouraging, that 
we have not out-run the country's popula-

tion by over-expansion. On the other side 
of this is the statement that the trend of 
fresh fruit per capita has declined from the 
1910-17 years of .54 lb. to just half that,
.27 lb., in the 1940-49 period.

That shows that while we haven't out-
run the potential market, we have gone 
over the actual market as it has existed. 

The consumption of canned sauce has in-

CRANBERRIES -WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 

~Subscription

$3.00 per year 
Advertising rates upon application 

-—
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL


EDITH S. HALLAssociate Editor 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

isconsin 

C. D. HAMMOND, Jr.
Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington-Oregon 

J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon


Massachusetts 

DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN 
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station

East Wareham, Mass. 

BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.


New Jersey 

CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,
WM. E. TOMLINSON, JR.
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station


Pemberton, New Jersey 

creased, but a can of sauce contains usuallyonly a little more than one-third of cranberries, 
the rest being sugar and water. 
the increase in processed berries, as 
necessary and desirable as it is, does not

immediately help the grower to the extent

immediately help the grower to the extent 
icrse f e f it would 

Of ourse if every family in the land would 
stock up with several cans that would be

fine. But we doubt if that will be brought 

about, at least right away.

As everybody is aware, we need both 
outlets. What the cranberry industry is upagainst, it bears repeating, is the necessity 

f selling more cranberries. We can raise 
'em. We've got to sell 'em. Maybe this 
year e ill. 

— 
AS with cranberries there seems no end-
so with "Cranberry Queens". 

Thirteen 


Opposite Page-Top: President M. L. 

Urann hands the new National Cranberry 
Association Queen, Miss Beverly Rich


ards, the silver cup, after placing the 

crown 

on her head and giving her the 
royal sceptre. . At the left 'is "Terry" 
Guertin, for cr queen and lady in wait-

and at right Miss Marcia Williams,

ing, lady in waiting.

also former queen and 
Lower: Chefs barbecue vastsmoke arises.


quantities of 

chickens, while fragrant 

Second cook from right, with head par


ctially turned is "Joe" Brown,director 
Plymouth County Extension Bureau. 
wa~This page, to the left: Miss Richards 
is assisting in cutting the cranberry cake 

Movie Star Charlton Heston, right, 
nd iAlwynn, Par's stylist of women's 

gowr.s. 
(CRANBERRIES Photos) 

and stage shows. 
Final event on the program was 

a ppcerforimance by the noted Warren 
(R. I.) Indian Band. This is 
made up of a group of entertainers 
none more than 21 and includ


ed individual dances, songs and 

other acts, plus a snappy drill led 
by a drum majorette on the lawn 
in front of the platform. This act 
included music by the band, one 
a tune called "The Cranberry 

Doxology.' The entire group was 

Althoughy Paramonte 

~~i~Editorhe 

j~~Fourteen~~by 

... ii*:~After.... . ii 

dressed in colorful Indian costume. 
Cuts Cranberry Cake 

the coronation ceremony 
Miss Richards, assisted by Hescran


ton and Alwynn cut a huge 
berry cake, and at the conclusion 

of the program there was cake 
(cup cakes) and coffee for all attending, 
without charge. 

Many food editors of magazines 

and newspapers from all over the 
country attended. 

Noted Guests

NotedGuests 

Among the noted guests present 
were State Commissioner of 

Agriculture John Chandler and 
Mrs. Chandler, State Senator Edward 
C. Stone and Mrs. Stone, 

Congressman D. Nicholson and 
Mrs. Nicholson, Kenneth and Ruth 
Wakefield of the Toll House, Miss 
Marjorie Mills of radio fame and 
the extremely popular Jesse H. 

Buffum of WEEI's "New England 

morning broadcast listened to by 
many cranberry growers and 
others.Mr. and Mrs. Edward Lawless 
of Wisconsin Rapids rep


lesented the growers of Wisconsin. 

resented the growers of Wisconsin. 
Master of Ceremonies was Ken 
Dalton of Brockton, radio broad


caster and newspaper columnist of 
the Brockton Enterprise. 

Queen

Nat~ional 

(Continued from Page 12) 
under contract by producer Hal 
Wnallis, wh o discovered Lan-

Burt 
caster, Lizabeth Scott, Wendell 

Corey and others. His perform-

ance in "Jane Eyre," and a series 
of other topflight television ppro-

duction on CBS's program in New 
York brought him national notice. 

He has appeared in a number of 

plays. His first movie will be 
"Dark City", released next month 
by Paramdoteont. 

Althoughhe calls Evanston, 
Illinois, of Chicago,

suburb a his 
lhome he was born in Micohigan. 

Talking with CRAN\TBERRIES 

Editor he was surprised to learn 

there are two cranberry bogs in 

Michigan. He said he likes cran-

berries and has eaten them "in-

cessently," but only in the jellied 

sauce form, not in whole fruit 

sauce as was served at the Eda-

ville barbecue. 

His wife Was born in a small 

Fourteen 

town north of Madison, 'I¥isconsin, 
which is not far from the Wiscon-
sin Rapids cranberry area, which 

connection, he humorously said, he 
hoped might heelp give him some 

sort of claim to the title of Cran-

berry King." 
Prefering to wear sports clothes, 
he was so attired for the corona-
tion, his outfit including a blue 

four-in-hand. Noting this Mr. 
Urann whipped off special

a 

special "cranbery 'n chicken" 

necktie, which he and other officials 

wore, from himself and exchanged 

this with Heston. Alwynn also 

sported a cranberry tie. 

Oueen Goes to New York 

Miss Richards, last year after 

her selection as Legion Queen 

cor-pleted a modeling course in 

New York. Following this recent 

selection as the National Cranber-

ry Association "national" queen 

she will be sent to New York for 

a three-day whirl. This will include 

radio, television, model agencies 


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.. 



Statement of the Ownership and Manage-
ment required by the Act of Congress of 

August 24, 1912, as amended by the Acts 
of March 3, 1933, and July 2, 1946 (Title

39, United States Code, Section 233) 

Of CRANBERRIES, The National Cran-
berry Magazine, published monthly at 

1950. Wareham,Bulls

1950. 

1. The names and addresses of the 
publisher, editor, managing editor, and 
business managers are: 

Publisher-Clarence J. F. Hall, Ware-
ham, Mass. EditorClarence J.

Wareham, Mass. Managing Editor-
Clarence J. F. Hall, Wareham, Mass. 
Business Manager Clarence J. F. Hall, 

Wareham, Mass. 

2. That the owner is: 
Clarence J. F. Hall, Wareham, Mass. 
3. That the known bondholders, 
mortgagees, and other security holders 

owning or holding 1 percent or more of 

total amount of bonds, mortgages, or 

other securities are: 

None. 

CLARENCE J. F. HALL. 

Commonwealth of Massachusetts 

Plymouth, ss. 

Sworn to and subscribed before me 

th 4th da f October, 50

this day of 1950. 

(Seal) BARTLETT E. CUSHING. 
(My commission expires April 6, 19'56) 

WISCONSIN SALES CO. 

MEETING 

SUMMER MEETING 
Wisconsin CranberrY Sales Com-


Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Co-
pany held its annual summer 
meeting September first at the 

Eye Country Club, Wison-

country CluU, vviscui 
sin Rapids. Lester Haines, C. M. 
Chaney and George Weston of the 

Chaney andGeorgeWestonof the 
American Cranberry Exchange 

were present, each giving a re-
port. There was the usual busi-
ness session and the reports of 
the president, Miss Jean Nash and 

general manager, D. C. Hammond, 
Jr. There was excellent attend-

ance. 
for 

Should pine trees planted for 
sawtimnber be pruned artificially? 
Yes, the trees should be pruned. 
Artificial pruning will remove the 

c p orng remove the 
limbes long before Nature might 
do it, thereby assuring you of more 
lumber free knots from each tree. 

R:' :::...pect 

x

X] i~iiiiiiiiiii. j iiiiri 

:{i~ij~~i~i~~ifiiii~~ii~~.*i¢.~. . ... ~~~ 
~ ~ ~ iiii:::::::iii~`~~:~· F....... 

al n ran err 

Marketing Problems

MaProem 

(Editor's Note: The following is the 
address of Prof. John I. Kross of the 

Uulls of before the an-

University Wisconsin 
nual meeting of Wisconsin State Cranberry 
Growers' Association, Wisconsin 

Rapids, August . It is printed because 

cran


we believe any light thrown upon 

information for cranberry growers to 

study)

study) 

My interest in the cranberry industry 
is 
like to state, that I am 

a rather recent one, and 

I would 

neither fully acquainted with all 
of its operations nor with the many 
problems involved. 
P Upon reviewing the available 

Upon reviewing theaa 

literature, reports, statistical information 
and through discussions 

d correspondence ith leading

cranberry experts I feel like the 

cranberry experts I feel like the 

proverbial fifth string quarterback 

playing in a tough league. How


ever, there is one gratifying as-

of my relationship withT the 

quarterback and that is that I 
don't have to carry the ball or 
execute the blocking assignments. 

Now what are some of the areas 

in which future decisions for the 

cranberry industry seem apparent. 

1. The correction of the nat.
onal cranberry supply situation 
brought about by technological improvements 
in production. 

: denand 
:::~ rrgjgg8888:::;ca ....... changing consumers' eating and 

i: Ii ' ' i~ ::~: :-":~:~~ 2. Broadening thereby 
Afri:~**i...........: :::::'~x::::::c* 
spenoing habits. 

3. Emphasis in the field of sell. 
..... ~Cranberry Growers 

':r ~'~j~~~:~~.. . . . . . . . . . Always Especially

.. 
WELCOME 

to 

.,:.'ii::ii Visit and Ride 

THE 

FOR PRE -FABRICATED FLUMES THE 

Tel. 
'RW. SEE~~~~~~ AmJrSouth 
R. A. TRUFANT 
Hydraulic Consultant -Bog Railroads For Sale or Rent 
Carver 64-11 NORTH CARVER, MASS 
R~ 
_ 
Mr. 
Carver, Mass. 
and Mrs. Ellis D. Atwood 
SixteenSixteeu 


ing and merchandising. 

4. Reducing unit marketing 
costs involving consolidation of 
harvesting, assembling, packaging 
and selling operations. 

5. Minimizing price cutting or 
competition among cranberry 
growers. 
6. Improvements in quality in-
volving varieties, grading and 
packaging. 
7. Industry wide approach in 
handling present supply problems 
on a national basis. 
Production Not Kept Pace 
With Population 


In my discussion today I will 
make reference to some of these 
problem areas, particularly those 
dealing with marketing. The cran-
berry production in the United 
States during 1925-39 period, on 
a five year basis, averaged about 
600,000 barrels; during 1940-44 it 

averaged 634,000 barrels and dur- 
ing 1945-49 production averaged 
around 865,000 barrels. Upon 
checking this data we find that 
from 1925-39, production for all 
practical purposes has not kept up 
with the increase in population. 
Some adjustment was made in 
1940-44 but in 1945-49 we find an 
increase of 27 percent in produc-
tion over the previous five year 
period. This drastic increase has 
had repercussions on the whole 

cranberry industry creating ser-
ious marketing and other problems.

Whenever a manufacturing or 
other industry finds that its going 
plant and inventories are produc-

ing more units than can be sold, 
an immediate decision is made to 
reduce production and to launch a 
program to step-up sales. If this 
doesn't work the engineer and 
other technicians are called in to 
find ways of cutting production 

IUTfEREpTD | 

-InTIERESED-

in buying or leasing

Wisconsin Cranberry 

property. 

High quality Searles Jumbo, 

McFarlin and Howes vines for

sal.

sale. 

Vernon Goldsworthy

936 Memorial Drive 
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin 

unit costs; likewise the sales de-

partment is given the responsibili-

ty of reducing unit costs of sell-

ing without losing sales. In this 
particular example we are making 
reference to a very important fact 
and that is the complete control of 
making decisions is performed by 
only a few people who have the 
authority to see that these deci-
sions are carried out, otherwise 
somebody is given a "pink slip" 
in his next pay envelope. Unfortu-
nately, it is not possible to obtain 
the same degree of control in the 

production and selling of agricul-

ural products as can be obtained 
in the iranufacturing industries 
Cranberry growers are in a much 
better position than other seg-
ments of agriculture with refer-
ence to controlling its own affairs 
because you are organized. 

At this stage of my talk I would 

like to interject the following in-

at. 

Price 

Production Per 
Year Barrels Barrel 

1944 375,700 $24.60 
1948 967,700 $10.10 

Consumer Purchasing 
ar Disposable Powar

Value Income Dollar 

$9,237,000 146 billion $0.80 
$9,753,000 195 billion $ .58 

The knowledge of consumer 
preference for cranberries is of 
particular significance as an indi-

BAD NEVV 

cation in the total value of sales 

accompanying a change in price. 

From the growers standpoint, in 

the statement just mentioned, lies 
the crux of determining the 
amount of cranberries that should 
be sold each marketing season. 
Additional research in price forecasting 
is necessary-the Univer


ity might be in a position to help 

you obtain this information. 

The main problem facing cranberry 
growers is to determine the 
kind of programs needed to bring 
about the so-called supply-con


sumption adjustments as well as 
determining a program to dispose 
of the large carry-overs from previous 
crop years. 

The Matter of Carry-Overs 

The following is an estimate of 
the carry-over in the hands of all 
processors as of March 31st: 

1949 368,094 barrels 
1948 447,500

1947 484,700

1946 591,200
194 314,800


1944 143,000 
1943 270,000 
1942 381,2001941 282,000 
1940 178,000 
These estimates were made 
available by Mr. C. M. Chaney of 
the American Cranberry Exchange. 
Whenever a surplus crop confronts 
the cranberry industry, 
there are about three steps that 
become necessary in handling the 
situation. (1) To determine the 

Can turn into

GOOD KIN\A 

IF when disaster strikes insurance pays promptly 

n cash foryourloss! 

With the harvest on you will be storing berries 
in isolated locations without protection. Be sure you 
don't suffer a loss in these critical times. Insure as 

advised by Eben A. Thacher-your sleep will be more 
peaceful. 

Brewer & Lord


INSURANCE 
40 Broad St., Boston 9, Massachusetts 

Telephone: Han. ock 60830 

Seventeen 


volume which must be kept off the Do Not Need Federal trend in the marketing and dis-

market by states on a prorated Marketing Order tribution costs as a percentage of 
basis. (2) To apply the volume to n my opinion you do no need prices paid by consumers for food 
be sold in terms of grades-a federal marketing order unless products This means that growers 
measured in terms of barrels per you find that the attempts to regu-are getting a smaller proportion 
farm. (3) To regulate and allo-late the cranberry industry on a of the consumers' dollar spent for 
cate supplies to various markets voluntary basis have not been su-food. Growers must find methods 
in the United States which nmust cessful. The Federal Marketing to balance this situation, otherwise 
marketing agencies will continue

marke 
basis. organization within your present to obtain more of the consumers 
The*i isi q industry with federal compliance 
The big question is how are you powers to see that the regulations What can you do to prevent this 
going to carry out these steps. (controlling and allocating sup-trend from continuing to rise? 
The choices you have are: (1) on a plies through time and market There are two things: (1) reduce 
voluntary basis by the cranberry area) are carried out. The deci-your production costs, (2) reduce, 
industry, (2) y,t a l sind entrusted and made by your marketing costs-in other 

be sold on a fresh and processed Order would set up an additional 
to obtain more of the consumers' 

() h f ions now 

marketingorder.
through a federal 
your respective industry organiza-words become more efficient. Aptions 
would be relegated to the ad-parently, in Wisconsin perhaps 
_ .body by some progress has been made to

mnistrative established 
the Order. The costs of the new reduce production costs. DuringMAVTH1EWSALVV administrative body should be con-the 1945-49 period yield per acre

I V 

T sidered as an additional expendi-in Wisconsin averaged around 60C ^INVV YI DLIC OEture to the industry. I feel that the barrels or 50 percent nrmre than thei' 
_id ~ expenditure of administrating the 1940-44 average and three times 

Iand Order might be more productive the average yield, per acre for the 
1T / ^ [ to the industry if these funds were 1925-29 period. 
IIL ACKV spent in broadening consumer de-Unfortunately, I do not have 

mand. any information which measures 

Frost Inlsectide Co. I would like to rmake a few com-whether the selling of cranberries 
rrOSL gSeCtI4Ude OS. ments concerning the problem area has become more efficient or ineffi-
ARLINGTON, 74 MASS. relative to reducing unit marketing cient during the past 25 years. 

Box 36J . costs. There has been a rising However, if I might generalize 

OD CRANBERRY C0 PERATIVE, nc.

CAPE Ti. 

GROWERS-PACKERS -ISTRIBUTORS


OF 

CAPE COD CRANBERRIES


17 COURT ST. PLYMOUTH, MASS. 

TELS. PLYMOUTH 1760 AND 1622 

Eighteen 


from an accepted doctrine among 
marketing people, I might be on 
sound ground by stating that the 
marketing of fresh produce under 
existing conditions is a costly 
operation. The marketing system 
that we should strive for should 
be simplicity-the more simple and 
direct the route to the consumer 
the less costly. The principles of 
integration, consolidation, elimina-
tion of duplicating selling services 
and other wasteful efforts should 
be adopted. Manufactures and 
other businesses are continually 
putting these principles into prac-

tice because they find them profit-
able. 

Earlier, I mentioned there are 
two remedies business firms em-
ploy when they find themselves 
producing more goods than can 
be sold; either (1) reduce produc-

tion or (2) step-up sales-some-
times both actions become neces-
sary. Let's assume for the moment 
that you have determined to 
launch a sales program because 
it will cure the industry's ills. In 
my opinion the cranberry industry

will have to do both, that is to re-
duce production and to adopt a 

more vigorous sales program. In 

rOteC(s. ~

S r ny 

considering the problem area of 
broadening consumer demand for 
cranberries what are some of the 
facts that we already know about 
consumer spending and eating 
habits? 

Percent of Income Spent For Food 

(1) In 1948 an American city 
family spent an average of $25.57 
a week for food or 32 percent of 
the total income. In 1942 an urban 
family averaged $14.23 for food or 
26 percent of their income. In the 
first quarter of 1950 urban families 

spent about 25 percent of their in-

e o of their income 
for Food selling is be


coming more complicated, competition 
is growing intense, shoppers 
are becoming mnore fussy. 

chases showed the influence of income 
more than any other groupsof foods. The larger size of the 
higher income families would account 
part for bigger food purchases, 
but families with incomes 

of $7,509 or more used 10 times as 
many frozen fruits and vegetables 
as did those with incomes under 

$2,000. 

Over $7,500 families used 17.8 

_

Protects in

Crang~~~~~~anuyma 

guardians'.

ng as dependabie 

~~s~~~aps~~~~~whene

e~~BB~gsss 

ve of the dependabilitypounds of fresh fruit per week 
roweC st, Farms at Long Beach, Washington, represents compared with 5.8 pounds used by

ranguyma 

under $1,000 families. 

~~~information~Cranberry Per Capita Consumption 

--ProtectPortlaiofrom 
MASSACHUSETSFrost and

Drought 
at Cranguyma Farms, 
PIOTO COURTESY OF PORTLAND OREGON JOURNAL Long Beach, Wash. 

SPREADING out in an impressive acreage in the great North-
west, Cranguyma Farms at Long Beach, Washington,

west, Cranguyma r3)

Farms at Long Beach, 
an important part of our nation's cranberry production. Stand-
ing as dependable guardians against frost and drought 1000 
Rainbird sprinklers provide the correct and necessary rainfall 
whenever it is needed. This outstanding installation is indica-
tive of the dependability of Rainbird Sprinklers. The distrib-

utor or dealer listed below will be pleased to furnish additional 

information upon request. 

PACIFIC COAST DISTRIBUTORS 

R. M. WADE and CO. ARMCO DRAINAGE & STOUT IRRIGATION INC.
Portland. Oregon METAL PRODUCTS CO. Portland; Oregon 

Portland, Oregon 

W. R. AMES COMPANY, 150 West Hooper St., San Francisco, Calif. 
~EAST

&MIDW~ESTf

DISTRIBUTORS

DISTRIBUTORS

EAST & MIDWEST

L. R. NELSON MFG. CO. 
Peoria, Illinois 
MASSACHUSETTS DEALERS 

JOSEPH BRECK & SONS IRRIGATION DIVISION VEGACRE FARM85 State St., Boston, Mass. Forestdale (Cape Cod), Mass. 

Declining 

(2) The trend in per capita consumptin 
of fresh cranberries since 
1.910 has been steadily declining. 
1940-49 consumer .27 lb. 
1930-39 consumer .38 lb. 
1920-29 consumer .47 lb. 
1910-19represents.54

consumer lb.

The trend in per capita consumption 
of canned cranberries has 
increased in the past 15 years. 

19'35 
1936 

1937 
1938 

1940 
1941 

1942 
1943 
1944 
1945 
1946 
1947

1948

1949 

.2 of a pound 
.3..
.3 
.4.. 
5 
.. 
.5...... 
.6 
.3 
3.. 
.5.. 
.8 
~ . ...... 
.5 

Figures on canned cranberries are on 

a product weight basis, that is, cran


berries plus sugar. One pound of canned 
cranberries requires about .379 pounds 

of fres ranberries. 

(4) Location of the market-
the Mid-west is believed to be the 
best single regional market for 
cranberries for two main reasons 
because (1) the percentage of 

Nineteen 


5. Retailers-Are mostly interested 
in selling volume commodities 
that have a rapid turnover and 
high profit. Cranberries are looked 
upon by retailers as a necessity 
item therefore they do not display 
them properly or devote much individual 
attention to this commodity. 
-Every effort should be made to 

get retailers to devote more display 
space to cranberries. 
-Prepackaging makes displaying, 

^ 

home cooking, (2) German and 

Scandinavian descent are numer-
ous-in native countries where 
they used lingenberries which are 
similarly flavored. 

(5) Variation between sales in 
New York and Chicago. 
New York City and Environs 
Number of %of Total 
Year Barrels Sold ACE Sales 

1941 18,054 6.7 

1942 21,719 7.3 

1943 21,417 7.5 

Chicago and Environs 
Number of %of Total 
Barrels Sold ACE Sales 

1941 18,308 6.8
1942 23,048 7.8
1943 21,989 7.7


In spite of having only half the popu


lation Chicago sales have been substan-

tially equal to those of New York or 

3. National advertising along 
the same lines as the sour cherry 
industry-not individual brands 
but cranberries in general-in my 
opinion consumers do not pay nruch 

attention to brand names-cran-
berry advertising should be tied 
in with the meat industry publici-
ty. 

4. Working with institutional 
dieticians, factories, school lunch, 
hotels and restaurants. 

a Ag

Beat ns Distributing Agency 

roughly double those of New York on a 
per capita basis. 

(6) Size of market. 
1943 1944 NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS 

% Sales ACE% Sales ACE 
North Central shrd 19 vbgkqj srhdl u 
North Central 29.1 28.0 of 

Missouri River 19.5 -21.5 
Mountain States 4.0 4.0 

Total 52.6 53.5 

How can we induce old custom-( 4d 
ers to buy more and how can we 
get new customers to join the class 
of being cranberry connoisseurs.for over a quater century 

1. Consumer education on foodted States and Canada 
menus, method of meal preparation inUnited States nd Canada 
and recipes. This can be done 
through working with food editors 
-this means preparing news-Tel. Wareham 130 or 970

this meanspreparisng news-

paper articles and stories for them 
-this probably is the cheapest 
form of advertising that I know 

of. 

2. Working with professional 
nutritionists and homemakers. 
Robert W. Savary 

CHRYLER -PLYMOUTH 

SALES and SERVICE 

Goodyear and Federal Tires 

Repairs on all makes of cars 

Genuine Parts and Accessories 

East Wareham, Mass. 
Tel. Wareham 63-R 

Twenty. 

Wareham, Mass. 

11 


O 

-o 

J 

0 

J. 
0 

OFSPEIALD 

MANUFACTURED FOR CRANBERRY 

GRORS EVERYWHERE

GROWERS EVERYWHERE
FOR FIFTEEN YEARS 


I PRICE 
I 1I QUALITY


SRIC 

RP

CORRUGATED CO 

BOX 

i

r0FALL RIVER, MASS. Tel. 6-8282 


handling and selling easier and choice in his future plantings be-

more attractive. Effort should be tween a variety which has yielded 
it a better keeper, or choose varie-
made to get retailers to handle higher butkeeps less well, employ 
ties that yield less but keep longer
cranberries over a long period, if 
and sell over a more extended per-
the retailer doesn't handle thi cultural practices which will render


the retailer doesn't handle this iod on the fresh market."
commodity consumers have no
opportunity to buy them. Retail-
er is a very important link be-
tween the farmer and the con-


sumer.
-Importance of tie-in sales should
be pointed out to him.


6. holesalers and jobber could Sees the completion of
Wholesalers could another cranberry 
be an important factor in getting harvest. i 
retailers to handle more cranberries-
brokers needs servicing to 
induce wholesalers to handle larger J 
quantities of berries. _\

7. Quality is the basis of successful 
merchandising controlling Played its part in this, at the bogs, and by addedquality is the foundation of repeat convenience in the homes of the growers.
orders and sales. Good merchandising 
means making it easy and 
convenient for shoppers to buy 
quality products. 

Wisconsin Varieties Plymouth County Eectri C

8. Varieties of cranberries now Plh Cy Ec 
grown in Wisconsin present mar-WAREHAM PLYMOUTH 
keting problems-quote from recent 
study on Wisconsin ..Cran-Tel. 200 Tel. 1300 
berry Production and Marketing"(
the) grower is faced with a _ 

Under the tried, and proven trade mark above, 
this organization is devoting its every effort toward 
stabilizing the business of packing, shipping and the 
successful selling of cranberries. 

THE NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY
SALES COMPANY


9 Station Street Middleboro, Mass. 

TELEPHONE 200 

U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 


FRESH CRANBERRIES


Are On The Move Again 

This month a new crop of fresh cranberries is on 
the move into consumer markets. Growers in Massachusetts, 
in Wisconsin, New Jersey, Washington and 

Oregon have been going about the age-old business 
harvesting another crop. 
In-some respects, the harvests of today are not unlikesthose 
of a quarter-century ago. Fundamentally, 
we go about the business of removing berries from the 
vine in the same old way. 
But many new devices and techniques have been 
developed through the years. Growers find these 
machines and methods more efficient, more effective 
than methods outdated. 
The same thing holds true for the methods and 
techniques used by the Exchange in our sales work. 

Basically, the principles of good salesmanship never 

change. But methods do. This year, for example, for 
the first time, television is being used to take the story 
of cranberries to the U. S. public. 

During the fall of 1950, thousands of persons in 24 

metropolitan areas will see "The Cranberry Story" on 

major television stations. Like a new mower or pick-

or any other improved device for harvesting, it's an


other new sales tool needed to move our crop to 

market. 

AMERICAN CRANBERRY EXCHANGE


NEW YORK SEATTLE CHICAGO 

. 


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