The Harvester World: Volume 2, number 1, October 1910

              26
The Harvester World
enough to be injured they will get proper care and attention.
*       *       *
The following are a few simple hints in regard to first aid work, viz.:
BLEEDING
(a)—^If there is bleeding try to stop it at once. If the blood is of a bright red color, and conies in spurts with each pulsation, it is from a wounded artery. If the spurts are large you must apply the tourniquet as quickly as possible, a little above the seat of injury. If the blood is of a dark color and does not spurt, but wells, or boils up, and flows steadily from the wound, it is from a wounded vein, and you must then fill the wound or cover it with a piece of gauze, which has been dipped in a solution of bi-chloride (1 tablet to a teacupful of clean water), and a pad of absorbent cot¬ ton, and bind it firmly with the cotton roller bandage. If a limb should be com¬ pletely cut off, and there should not be any great bleeding, cover the end of the stump with bi-chloride gauze and absorbent cot¬ ton, bind firmly with the cotton roller bandage, and keep the stump elevated. If the cotton and bandages soon become sat¬ urated apply another bandage over it, a little tighter than the first. Bleeding from a small artery, when the spurt or jet is small, may be stopped in the same way. Use the tourniquet only when you cannot stop the bleeding with the absorbent cotton and bandage.
FRACTURES
(b) — If you have a fractured or crushed limb, whether the broken ends of the bone protrude or not, take firm hold of the limb below the injury, gradually extend the limb and place it in its natural position, and support it and keep it in place by pads at each side. First apply the padded splints with the roller bandage, then keep the limb
Deering Hospital Room
in its natural position by pillows, bolsters, etc. Always keep the patient lying on his back with the limb slightly elevated.
(c)—Shock resulting from injury is al¬ ways characterized by great loss of vital
power, paleness of the face, cold perspira tion, and very weak pulse. In great de¬ pression from shock, stimulants are neces¬ sary, and when judiciously administered are of great service; the aromatic spirits of ammonia and brandy are the best.    One
First Aid Room, Akron Work*
teaspoonful of the aromatic spirits of am* monia in a wine glass of cold water, given in divided doses so as to give the whole, say, in twenty or thirty minutes, when the dose may be mixed again and repeated. If there is great thirst give small pieces of ice, teaspoonfuls of tea or coffee, but drinks of hot milk are best after severe bleeding. Do not let the patient drink much water as it is liable to cause vomiting.
(d)—Cover the injured person with blan¬ kets or warm clothing to prevent chills, which are very exhausting. If chills do set in, or there is great coldness of the body, apply bottles of water or hot bricks around the body and legs and feet, but do not have them hot enough to burn. Keep the in¬ jured person perfectly quiet. Do not allow any excitement or noise to disturb or annoy him.
BURNS  AND  SCALDS
(e)—For bums or scalds, remove the clothing very gently, cutting it off with the scissors. Pick off or gently clean off the dirt, shreds of cloth, etc., from the burnt surface; and then apply strips or pieces of medicated cotton or lint saturated with a solution of bi-carbonate of soda, or carron oil, which is made of equal parts of lime water and linseed oil. Then cover the whole with a thick layer of absorbent cot¬ ton and bandage with the cotton roller bandage, just sufficiently tight to hold the dressing in place,
(f) — In small wounds wash clean with boiled water, or solution of bi-chloride (1 tablet to a teacujjful of clean water) and spread carbolic ointment on a piece of lint and apply over wound.
ELECTRIC  SHOCK
(g) — In cases of electric shock, when the patient is rendered unconscious, he should be given a hypodermic injection of strych¬ nine, one-fiftieth of a grain.    One tablet of