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SNCC: THE BEGINNING OF IDEOLOGY Staughton Lynd Five years ago this fall C, Van Woodward published an essay entitled "The Populist Horitago and the Intellectual," directed against "tho disonchantmont of the intollectual with the masses" so characteristic of tho Elsenhowor years. Woodx>rard callod on intellectuals to maintain tho tradition of Henry Goorgo, Honry Demarost Lloyd and Upton Sinclair, wtitors and thinkors who had thrown themselves into tho popular movomonts of their day. Ho said: Ono must oxpoct end tsrvon hopo that thore will bo future upheavals to shock tho seats of power and prlvilogo and furnish tho periodic therapy that sooms necessary "to the health of our domocracy. Nut ono cannot expect them to bo any moro decorous or seemly or rational than their prodocessors. "The intollectual," Woodward concluded, "must not bo alienatod from tho sources of revolt." Woodward's article was itself part of a tradition: the prophetic tradition of American intellectuals who have called on their fellow- craftsmen to join them in radical action. Emerson had issued such a call in his "Mmorican Scholar." Ho said, in 1837: "Action is with the scholar subordinate, but it is ossontial. Without it ho is not yot man. Without it thought can never ripen into truth," Emerson wont on: "Only so much do I know, as I havo lived. Instantly wo know whose words are loaded with'life, and whose not." As if anticipating tho circle of students singing "Wo Shall Overcome," Emerson wrote: I grasp the hands of those next me, and tako my place in ftho ring to suffer and to work, taught by an instinct that so shall the dumb abyss bo vocal with speech. The speech of which Emerson wroto, issuing from sharod suffering and action, and articulating what Is latent there, is not easy. Ife is all too easy to write about one's summer in Mississippi: so many have. - But thoso reports raroly roach tho level' of intellectual encountor. Too often thoir tono is merely adulatory, and consciously or unconsciously tho fund-raising purpose hovers over tho words. I believe that tho intellectual who fully engages himself must omorgo with critical as woll as positive responses, and" his responsibility ends only whon ho hes attomptod to communicato thses. It is just hero that inhibitions crowd in. For, to begin with, surely "tho movement" is already magnificently articulate? Its leaders aro thomselves scholars-in-action. James Porman loft graduate work in African studios to go to Fayotto County, Tennessee. Robert Moses, bo- foro ho went to Mississippi, had majored in philosophy and mathomatics at Havorford and Harvard. The young man at tho Jackson COPO off ico-who,' lato on Juno 21, rocoivod tho telephone report that Michael Schwornor, James Chanoy and Andrew Goodman were missing, is a specialist in Japanese culture. Tho young woman who took my place at the end of tho summor as diroctor of tho Mississippi Proedom Schools had been an English instructor at the University of Washington. Now SNCC oven has its own research department, headed by Jack Minnis, a candidate for tho doctorate in Political Science at Tulane. SNCQ offices are uniformly strewn with magazines and paperback books; the songs of the movement testify, in a different way, to its articulateness. Nor is SNCC anti- intelloctual in tho manner of the Hussion Narddniks, who were ready to exchange Shakospoaro for a pair of boots. At tho Oxford oriontation sos-sion which proceeded the Mississippi Summor Project, Bob Mosos twice drew on Camus In public speeches: onco, comparing race prejudice to tho plague which infocts every one; again, after the throe wero reported missing, to say that there was no escape from guilt, that so long as tho problem oxistod we would all bo both victim . and exocutionor. Such a movement would soom to leave little more to bo said. And there arc other inhibitions. Sometimes one hesitates to spoa'-c because one has been asked not to. Thus I attended a SNCC staff meeting just boforo tho Summer Projects began, about which I feel free to say only that it onco more affirmed the position that SNCC staff members should not carry woapons. Sometimes ono hesitates to speak because the thing experienced appears to lie too deep for words. I attended a SNEFC staff mooting at Oxford after the disappearance of tho three which began with tho song "Como by here, Lord," verso after vorso after verso with ono person after anothor in tho room taking tho load. And that is all I Know to say about it.
Object Description
Title | SAVF-Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) (Social Action vertical file, circa 1930-2002; Archives Main Stacks, Mss 577, Box 47, Folder 16) |
Folder Description | This folder contains an assortment of SNCC-related items, some of them fairly unique. Staughton Lynd's "SNCC: The Beginning of Ideology" opens this folder, followed by Don White and John Lewis's first-person account of their late 1964 trip to several African countries, finding themselves following inadvertently in Malcolm X's path and ultimately meeting up with him. Among the other items are: The familiar list of "Selected Affidavits" about Mississippi's reign of terror against blacks and other civil rights workers during Freedom Summer, along with statistics regarding numbers of black voters relative to the black population in Mississippi. A flyer listing materials needed for the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer Project. An August 1964 letter from John Lewis to Lyndon Johnson, asking for more federal protection for civil rights workers. SNCC press releases on a variety of subjects, one of which (December 10, 1964) contains COFO's history and the background of its name, and another of which (August 29, 1964) gives statistics for Freedom Summer. Mike Sayer's report on the 1964 spring SNCC conference. A hate letter to John Lewis. Part of a proposal for a Southern Documentary [Photography] Project to start in July 1964. A message from John Ball, a SNCC field project director, to local blacks, chastising them for being afraid to join SNCC and participate in the movement and encouraging them to stand up for themselves. A SNCC proposal for a February 1964 Washington, D.C., demonstration on unemployment. R. Hunter Morey's October 1964 proposal for a SNCC legal committee. A late 1963/early 1964 SNCC pamphlet, "You Can Help" urging northerners to help the civil rights movement in the South through "Friends of SNCC" groups. A 1964 "Final Report" on freedom schools. An announcement of the Freedom Walk from Chattanooga to Jackson, Mississippi, to honor the slain William Moore. A list of papers and topics to discuss at a November 1964 SNCC retreat. SNCC's "top secret" radio manual. A report on what Atlanta SNCC's research folks can do for field workers, by showing the connection between northern industrialists and Southern factories. A 1965 (?) SNCC pamphlet called "We Want the Vote." A November 1964 report to returned volunteers from John Else on the Freedom Vote, the October incident summary (not included here), and the Fast for Freedom. A SNCC chronology of contacts with the federal government following the disappearance of the three missing civil rights workers. A pamphlet on SNCC's photo service. A November 1963 form letter about an upcoming SNCC conference on jobs and food. Peter Stoner's report on the events that happened to him, as a white civil rights worker in Hattiesburg, between January and May 1964, including his months' long stints in the local jail and on county road works projects, which included heavy work, isolation, and beatings. SNCC pamphlet on "Genocide in Mississippi." A transcript of an interview between Robert L. Allen and H. Rap Brown (Brown was the outgoing chair of SNCC at the time). |
State | Mississippi; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Georgia; Alabama; Washington, D.C.; |
Place | Jackson; Neshoba County; Hattiesburg; Jackson; Natchez; Charleston; Tallahatchie County; Clarksdale; Philadelphia; Columbus; Ruleville; Bovina; Canton; Holmes County; Shaw; Harmony; Bolivar County; Coahoma County; Sunflower County; Leflore County; Washington County; Pike County; Greenwood; Madison County; Hinds County; Warren County; Adams County; Lowndes County; Jones County; Holly Springs; McComb; Oxford; Dayton; Philadelphia; Atlanta; Macon County; Dallas County; Birmingham; Attala; |
Subject | Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.); freedom schools; Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.); labor unions; Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party; Democratic Party (U.S.); Democratic National Convention (1968 : Chicago, Ill.); Africa; Black power; Vietnam War, 1961-1975; murder; lynching; mass media; Liberia; Ghana; Zambia; Kenya; United Nations; Ethiopia; Egypt; Black Muslims; assault and battery; Mississippi State Penitentiary; voter registration; eviction; courthouses; Ku Klux Klan; United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation; threats; intimidation; arrest; unemployment; police brutality; jail experiences; arson; community centers; Freedom Vote; church buildings; boycotts; United States. Department of Justice; Congress of Racial Equality; National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; Southern Christian Leadership Conference; white supremacy movements; White Citizens councils; communism; wages; segregation; whites; teachers; unemployment; lawyers; National Lawyers Guild; Association of Tenth Amendment Conservatives; Voter Education Project (Southern Regional Council); food drives; clothing and dress; volunteers; National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America; United States. Voting Rights Act of 1965; poll tax; sharecroppers; poverty; agriculture; clergy; sterilization of women; music; |
Personal Name | Lynd, Staughton; Woodward, C. Vann (Comer Vann), 1908-1999; George, Henry; Lloyd, Henry Demarest; Sinclair, Upton, 1878-1968; Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882; Minnis, Jack; Forman, James, 1928-2005; Moses, Robert Parris; Schwerner, Michael Henry, 1939-1964; Chaney, James Earl, 1943-1964; Goodman, Andrew, 1943-1964; Camus, Albert, 1913-1960; Drake, St. Clair; Zinn, Howard, 1922-2010; White, Don; Lewis, John; Hicks, William; Cole, Henry B.; Kwabi, Gus; Lee, Robert E.; Graham, Shirley; Lacy, Les; ; King, Preston; Mayfield, Julian; X, Malcolm, 1925-1965; Muleunge, Abed; Neyrere, Julius; Kaunda, Kenneth; Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975; Du Bois, David; ; Hassan, Ebraham; Hakki, Mohammed; Lelyveld, Arthur J., 1913-1996; McGhee, Silas; Hamer, Fannie Lou; Travis, James; Allen, Louis, Mrs.; Cotton, MacArthur; Greene, George; Brewer, Green; Baskin, David; Brewer, Charles; ; Doghan, Alex; Brewer, Janie; Brewer, Eugene; Cox, W. Harold (William Harold), 1901-; Brewer, Melinda; Brewer, Jesse; Brewer, Earl; Addison, Don; Brewer, John, Mrs.; Surney, Lafayette; Collins, Ben; Adams, William; Adams, William; Douglas, Nelson; McGee, Riley; Reed, J. Nolan; McLaurin, Charles; Black, Samuel; Block, Samuel; Peacock, Willie; Jones, James; Elders, Roy; Jolly, Clinton; Whittaker, R. V.; Riley, David; Luckett, Vernon O.; Smith, Steven; Morton, Eric; Washington, George; ; Chance, John; Thompson, Dan; Matthews, L. Stanley; Goza, Robert; Funches, Willie; Lowe, Harry; Wilcox, Jimmy Lee; Cole, Junior Roosevelt; Rush, Georgia; Rush, John T.; Moore, Charles; Cole, Beatrice; Moses, Dona Richards; Suarez, Matteo; Gillon, Gwendolyn; Ponder, Preston; Welsh, David; Pearlman, Daniel; Price, Cecil; Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973; Richards, Harvey; Hayden, Casey; Walborn, Judy; Sayer, Michael; Clark, James G.; ; Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865; Benner, Charles J.; Boutin, Bernard L.; Ball, John; Evers, Medgar Wiley, 1925-1963; Mahoney, William; Shuler, Lorenzo; Thelwell, Mike; Detrich, Paul; Carmichael, Stokely; De Brul, Paul; White, Luther; Smith, Benjamin Eugene; Kunstler, William M. (William Moses), 1919-1995; Kinoy, Arthur; Wulf, Melvin L.; Lusky, Louis; Moore, Howard; Holmes, Eleanor K.; Cotton, Eugene; Stavis, Morton; Edelman, Marian Wright; Morey, R. Hunter, 1940-; Standard, Mike; Hollowell, Don; Lyon, Danny; Perez, Louis; Jewett, Richard A.; Bishop, Jack; Thornhill, J. E., Sr.; Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987; Gaither, Thomas Walter, 1938-; Dennis, David; Bevel, James L. (James Luther), 1936-2008; Henry, Aaron, 1922-1997; Smith, R. L. T. (Robert L. T.); Guyot, Lawrence, 1939-2012; Smith, Frank; Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981; King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968; Farmer, James, 1920-1999; Moore, William; Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998; Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963; Brown, Joyce; Norman, Silas; Sherrod, Charles, 1937-; Miller, Michael; Pittman, James; Brown, Tom; Ladner, Dorie; Kolko, Gabriel; Rockefeller, Nelson A. (Nelson Aldrich), 1908-1979; Rockefeller, David, 1915-; Phipps, Ogden; Champion, George; Hood, Harvey P.; Lourie, Donald B.; Walton, Arthur K.; Williams, Emory; Stern, Edgar B., Jr.; Rosenwald, Julius; Davis, Arthur Vining; Snyder, Marie; Snyder, William; Helis, William G.; Miller, J. Roscoe; Barker, James Madison; Kellstadt, Charles H.; Crandall, Lou R.; Wood, Robert E.; Alexander, Henry Clay; Biggers, John David; Grazier, Joseph A.; Else, John; Helgesen, H. F.; Kaplan, Sherwin;Schwelb, Frank Ernest, 1932-; Weil, Robert; King, Mary; Doar, John, 1921-; ; King, Edwin H.; Rich, Marvin; White, Lee C., 1923-; Marshall, Burke, 1922-; Wolff, Henry; Guthman, Edwin O., 1919-2008; Proctor, John; Saison, Harry; Schwerner, Nathan H.; Goodman, Robert; Goodman, Carolyn, 1915-2007; Young, Charles; Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968; Ryan, William F., 1922-1972; Warren, Larry; Popper, Martin; Johnson, Paul B., 1916-1985; Reid, Ogden R. (Ogden Rogers), 1925-; Katzenbach, Nicholas deB. (Nicholas deBelleville), 1922-2012; Feldman, Myer, 1914-2007; McNamara, Robert C., III; Hoover, J. Edgar (John Edgar), 1895-1972; Dulles, Allen, 1893-1969; Martin, Larry; Bender, Rita L.; Zellner, Bob; Watson, Freddy Lee; Vaughs, Cliff; Grant, Joanne; Stoner, Peter; Dukes, Jimmy; ; Jones, Print; Butler, A. C.; Morgan, Les; Moss, Bob; Leigh, Sanford; Marshall, G. C.; Kitching, Wilmer; Crockett, George W.; Mize, Sidney C. (Sidney Carr), 1888-1965; Nailer, Robert; Nix, Joe Bradly; Harris, Julius; Barnes, James; Sholar, Hubert; Gray, Bud; Sullivan, Kenneth; Siegler, Bill; Woods, Albert; Bollen, Shelby; Carter, Jap; Lee, J. C.; Lee, Hub; Bond, Wash; Walker, Jay; Dearman, Charlie; Eaton, Jack; Howard, Pete; Harrington, Jack; Wiltshire, James; Russell, Sanford; Samstein, Mendy; Wirum, Nedra; Everett, Sherry; Cunningham, Margaret; Schrader, Emmie; Jervis, Nancy; Allen, Robert L., 1942-; Al-Amin, Jamil, 1943-; Brown, James; Smith, Steven L.; |
Language | English |
Source | Social Action vertical file, circa 1930-2002; Archives Main Stacks, Mss 577, Box 47, Folder 16; WIHVS3310-A |
Format | reports and surveys; press releases; flyers and handbills; correspondence; memoranda; clippings; affidavits; |
Publisher-Electronic | Wisconsin Historical Society |
Publication Date-Electronic | 2013 |
Rights | Copyright to these documents belongs to the individuals who created them or the organizations for which they worked. The principal organizations have been defunct for many years and copyright to their unpublished records is uncertain. We share them here strictly for non-profit educational purposes. We have attempted to contact individuals who created personal papers of significant length or importance. Nearly all have generously permitted us to include their work. If you believe that you possess copyright to material included here, please contact us at asklibrary@wisconsinhistory.org. Under the fair use provisions of the U.S. copyright law, teachers and students are free to reproduce any document for nonprofit classroom use. Commercial use of copyright-protected material is generally prohibited. |
Digital Format | XML |
Digital Identifier | fsSAVFB47F16000 |
Type | Text; Image |
Description
Title | [p.1] |
Page Text | SNCC: THE BEGINNING OF IDEOLOGY Staughton Lynd Five years ago this fall C, Van Woodward published an essay entitled "The Populist Horitago and the Intellectual" directed against "tho disonchantmont of the intollectual with the masses" so characteristic of tho Elsenhowor years. Woodx>rard callod on intellectuals to maintain tho tradition of Henry Goorgo, Honry Demarost Lloyd and Upton Sinclair, wtitors and thinkors who had thrown themselves into tho popular movomonts of their day. Ho said: Ono must oxpoct end tsrvon hopo that thore will bo future upheavals to shock tho seats of power and prlvilogo and furnish tho periodic therapy that sooms necessary "to the health of our domocracy. Nut ono cannot expect them to bo any moro decorous or seemly or rational than their prodocessors. "The intollectual" Woodward concluded, "must not bo alienatod from tho sources of revolt." Woodward's article was itself part of a tradition: the prophetic tradition of American intellectuals who have called on their fellow- craftsmen to join them in radical action. Emerson had issued such a call in his "Mmorican Scholar." Ho said, in 1837: "Action is with the scholar subordinate, but it is ossontial. Without it ho is not yot man. Without it thought can never ripen into truth" Emerson wont on: "Only so much do I know, as I havo lived. Instantly wo know whose words are loaded with'life, and whose not." As if anticipating tho circle of students singing "Wo Shall Overcome" Emerson wrote: I grasp the hands of those next me, and tako my place in ftho ring to suffer and to work, taught by an instinct that so shall the dumb abyss bo vocal with speech. The speech of which Emerson wroto, issuing from sharod suffering and action, and articulating what Is latent there, is not easy. Ife is all too easy to write about one's summer in Mississippi: so many have. - But thoso reports raroly roach tho level' of intellectual encountor. Too often thoir tono is merely adulatory, and consciously or unconsciously tho fund-raising purpose hovers over tho words. I believe that tho intellectual who fully engages himself must omorgo with critical as woll as positive responses, and" his responsibility ends only whon ho hes attomptod to communicato thses. It is just hero that inhibitions crowd in. For, to begin with, surely "tho movement" is already magnificently articulate? Its leaders aro thomselves scholars-in-action. James Porman loft graduate work in African studios to go to Fayotto County, Tennessee. Robert Moses, bo- foro ho went to Mississippi, had majored in philosophy and mathomatics at Havorford and Harvard. The young man at tho Jackson COPO off ico-who,' lato on Juno 21, rocoivod tho telephone report that Michael Schwornor, James Chanoy and Andrew Goodman were missing, is a specialist in Japanese culture. Tho young woman who took my place at the end of tho summor as diroctor of tho Mississippi Proedom Schools had been an English instructor at the University of Washington. Now SNCC oven has its own research department, headed by Jack Minnis, a candidate for tho doctorate in Political Science at Tulane. SNCQ offices are uniformly strewn with magazines and paperback books; the songs of the movement testify, in a different way, to its articulateness. Nor is SNCC anti- intelloctual in tho manner of the Hussion Narddniks, who were ready to exchange Shakospoaro for a pair of boots. At tho Oxford oriontation sos-sion which proceeded the Mississippi Summor Project, Bob Mosos twice drew on Camus In public speeches: onco, comparing race prejudice to tho plague which infocts every one; again, after the throe wero reported missing, to say that there was no escape from guilt, that so long as tho problem oxistod we would all bo both victim . and exocutionor. Such a movement would soom to leave little more to bo said. And there arc other inhibitions. Sometimes one hesitates to spoa'-c because one has been asked not to. Thus I attended a SNCC staff meeting just boforo tho Summer Projects began, about which I feel free to say only that it onco more affirmed the position that SNCC staff members should not carry woapons. Sometimes ono hesitates to speak because the thing experienced appears to lie too deep for words. I attended a SNEFC staff mooting at Oxford after the disappearance of tho three which began with tho song "Como by here, Lord" verso after vorso after verso with ono person after anothor in tho room taking tho load. And that is all I Know to say about it. |
Language | English |
Source | Social Action vertical file, circa 1930-2002; Archives Main Stacks, Mss 577, Box 47, Folder 16 |
Publisher-Electronic | Wisconsin Historical Society |
Publication Date-Electronic | 2013 |
Rights | Copyright to these documents belongs to the individuals who created them or the organizations for which they worked. The principal organizations have been defunct for many years and copyright to their unpublished records is uncertain. We share them here strictly for non-profit educational purposes. We have attempted to contact individuals who created personal papers of significant length or importance. Nearly all have generously permitted us to include their work. If you believe that you possess copyright to material included here, please contact us at asklibrary@wisconsinhistory.org. Under the fair use provisions of the U.S. copyright law, teachers and students are free to reproduce any document for nonprofit classroom use. Commercial use of copyright-protected material is generally prohibited. |
Digital Format | JPEG2000 |
Digital Identifier | fsSAVFB47F16001 |