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V JAPAN: 1970! Treaties, Bases, and Students In 1970 the Japan-U.S. Mutual Security Pact will reach a critical point. If neither party to the pact expresses a desire for its termination, it will automatically be continued. Thus the pact will not necessarily cease in 1970. However, after recently returning from six weeks in Japan, it is obvious to me that 1970 will not pass without heated discussion of the treaty. The original Japan-U.S. Security Treaty (1951) was a direct outgrowth of the American Occupation. The treaty permitted the U.S. to station "land, air, and sea forces in and about Japan." The U.S. forces, according to the treaty, could be used to keep peace throughout Southeast Asia and also — at the request of the Japanese government — to put down Japanese internal disturbances which were caused "through instigation or intervention by an outside power." Opponents of the treaty were particularly critical of the potential use of American forces to keep order in Japan. They regarded this as an unwarranted infringement on Japanese sovereignty. Many also feared that instead of providing security for Japan, the presence of American forces and stockpiles of nuclear weapons would involve Japan in a w~r. Although student opposition to treaty revision in 1960 was intense enough to cause the downfall of the Cabinet of Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi of the Liberal-Democratic Party, a series of notes was exchanged and a new treaty was signed. This was the Japan U.S. Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. This second treaty again said that American land, air, and naval forces could use "facilities and areas in Japan." It provided for prior consultations before there were any major changes in the equiptment of U.S. forces or any new deployment. Both parties affirmed their intention to peacefully settle any international disputes in which they might be involved. They pledged to encourage "economic collaboration" between themselves and to develop their capacities to resisit armed attack. Through the years of the Japan-U.S. Mutual Security Pact, the American military presence on Japanese soil has been an open sore in U.S.-Japanese relations and a focal point for anti-American opposition in Japan. There are over 140 U.S. military installations in Japan, more than 40 in and around metropolitan Tokyo. (Referring to a base in his home town of Iwakuni, a friend of mind called it "a city on a base.") The moise of planes, the lowering of "public morality", the increasing frequency of military accidents, the transportation of large quantities of oil bound for Vietnam (through metropolitan centers), the air lifting of Vietnam casualties to hospitals in Japan — these are a partial list of Japanese complaints. Another point of tension is the control of Okinawa. The overwhelming majority of Japanese regard the U.S. control of Okinawa and the big U.S. military presence there (since 1945) as instruments for carrying out America's strategy in the F r East. The common view is that the present Okinawan situation could easily involve Japan in a war. The Japanese are adamant about the reversion of Okinawa, and sooner or later the U.S. will have to give in.
Object Description
Title | Japan 1970! Treaties, bases, and students |
Editor | Hedlund, Sonja |
Publication date | 1968 |
Language | English |
Country | Japan |
Digital Format | XML |
Publisher-Electronic | Wisconsin Historical Society |
Publication Date-Electronic | 2016 |
Rights | Copyright belongs to the individuals who created them or the organizations for which they worked. We share them here strictly for non-profit educational purposes. If you believe that you possess copyright to material included here, please contact us at asklibrary@wisconsinhistory.org. Under the fair use provisions of the U.S. copyright law, teachers and students are free to reproduce any document for nonprofit classroom use. Commercial use of copyright-protected material is generally prohibited. |
Owner | Brünn, Harris Watts Collection - Ephemera Soldiers Movements, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam |
Type | Text |
Digital identifier | giEphemera730000 |
Description
Title | p. 1 |
Language | English |
Digital Format | JPEG2000 |
Publisher-Electronic | Wisconsin Historical Society |
Publication Date-Electronic | 2016 |
Rights | Copyright belongs to the individuals who created them or the organizations for which they worked. We share them here strictly for non-profit educational purposes. If you believe that you possess copyright to material included here, please contact us at asklibrary@wisconsinhistory.org. Under the fair use provisions of the U.S. copyright law, teachers and students are free to reproduce any document for nonprofit classroom use. Commercial use of copyright-protected material is generally prohibited. |
Owner | Brünn, Harris Watts Collection - Ephemera Soldiers Movements, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam |
Full text | V JAPAN: 1970! Treaties, Bases, and Students In 1970 the Japan-U.S. Mutual Security Pact will reach a critical point. If neither party to the pact expresses a desire for its termination, it will automatically be continued. Thus the pact will not necessarily cease in 1970. However, after recently returning from six weeks in Japan, it is obvious to me that 1970 will not pass without heated discussion of the treaty. The original Japan-U.S. Security Treaty (1951) was a direct outgrowth of the American Occupation. The treaty permitted the U.S. to station "land, air, and sea forces in and about Japan." The U.S. forces, according to the treaty, could be used to keep peace throughout Southeast Asia and also — at the request of the Japanese government — to put down Japanese internal disturbances which were caused "through instigation or intervention by an outside power." Opponents of the treaty were particularly critical of the potential use of American forces to keep order in Japan. They regarded this as an unwarranted infringement on Japanese sovereignty. Many also feared that instead of providing security for Japan, the presence of American forces and stockpiles of nuclear weapons would involve Japan in a w~r. Although student opposition to treaty revision in 1960 was intense enough to cause the downfall of the Cabinet of Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi of the Liberal-Democratic Party, a series of notes was exchanged and a new treaty was signed. This was the Japan U.S. Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. This second treaty again said that American land, air, and naval forces could use "facilities and areas in Japan." It provided for prior consultations before there were any major changes in the equiptment of U.S. forces or any new deployment. Both parties affirmed their intention to peacefully settle any international disputes in which they might be involved. They pledged to encourage "economic collaboration" between themselves and to develop their capacities to resisit armed attack. Through the years of the Japan-U.S. Mutual Security Pact, the American military presence on Japanese soil has been an open sore in U.S.-Japanese relations and a focal point for anti-American opposition in Japan. There are over 140 U.S. military installations in Japan, more than 40 in and around metropolitan Tokyo. (Referring to a base in his home town of Iwakuni, a friend of mind called it "a city on a base.") The moise of planes, the lowering of "public morality", the increasing frequency of military accidents, the transportation of large quantities of oil bound for Vietnam (through metropolitan centers), the air lifting of Vietnam casualties to hospitals in Japan — these are a partial list of Japanese complaints. Another point of tension is the control of Okinawa. The overwhelming majority of Japanese regard the U.S. control of Okinawa and the big U.S. military presence there (since 1945) as instruments for carrying out America's strategy in the F r East. The common view is that the present Okinawan situation could easily involve Japan in a war. The Japanese are adamant about the reversion of Okinawa, and sooner or later the U.S. will have to give in. |
Type | Text |
Digital identifier | giEphemera730001 |