Black Hawk's route through Wisconsin : report of an investigation made by authority of the Legislature of Wisconsin

              h BUCK HAWK'S ROUTE THROUGH WISCONSIN
In the spring of 1830 both Keokuk and Black Hawk retiirned to the village on Rock River. Keokuk's return, however, was presumed to be temporary, inasmuch as his band was establishing a new village on the Iowa River, The summer passed and the time came to depart for the winter hunt with no more serious display of hostil ity than vocal recriminations, I
In the spring of 1831, after the Sauk and Foxes had completed their winter hunt, Keokuk led his band to their new home on the Iowa River, The British Band under Black Hawk, however, returned once more to the Rock River, Declaring this to be an invasion of the state of Illinois, in which lay the lower reaches of the Rock, Governor John Reynolds called out the militia to expel the Indians, Gener¬ al Edmund P. Gaines, in command of the western Department of the United States Army, brought a few companies of regulars up the Mississippi from Jefferson Bar¬ racks (St, Louis) and took charge of the operation.
Unprepared for combat. Black Hawk capitulated. He and other members of the British Band signed terms of surrender by which they promised to cross the Missis¬ sippi and never return except by permission of the president of the United States or the governor of Illinois, They agreed also to cease all communication with   ¦
Canada and to accept Keokuk as their leader. As compensation for the loss of the foodstuffs they had expected to raise on the Rock River that summer, they were given supplies of corn.
Apparently overt hostilities had been prevented, and without bloodshed. The militiamen returned to their homes, unduly complacent regarding their mili¬ tary prowess and the pusillanimity of the British Band. Around Saukenuk the
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Tarms of the British Band Surrender, dated June 30, 1831, in Indian Off;-ce Files,
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