Seventy-two years' recollections of Wisconsin

              1772-1832]       Grignon's Recollections 285
vices during the last war have been mentioned, and he served on Stambaugh's expedition. Among his nation he ranks high. He is a stout, good-looking man, and has lost one of his eyesv
Osh-kosh, and his brother Osh-ka-hernah-niew, or The Yowng Mam, are grandsons of Cha-kau-cho-ka-ma, or The Old King, so long the grand dhief of the nation, and whose place Osh-kosh, by inheritance, has possessed since 1827. As we have seen, Osh-kosh was upon the war-path in 1812-14, under the special superintendence of Tbmah, and under Stambaugh in 1832. The word Osh-kosh signifies hrave, and such this chief has always proved himseflf. He is now sixty-two years of age^ while his brother. The Young Ifa^/whose name begins to be a mis¬ nomer, is now fifty-one. Osh-kosh is only of medium size, possessing much good sense and ability, but is a great slave te strong drink, and two of his three sons surpass their father in this beastly vice.
I can say but little of the Winnebagoes, with whoocd I have been less intimate than with the Menomonees. I have spent several winters trading among them^ and while I knew many of their' chiefs and leading men, I cannot enter into the details, of their respective careers. The Winnebago^ call themselves the Wau^chonr-gra,'^ ^e meaning of which I do not know;
* Gallatin, in his Synopsis of the Indian Trites, states that the French called the Winnebagoes Otchagras, but caU themselves Hochungohrah, or the "Trout*' nation. In Schoolcrafts Hist, of the Indian Tri'bes, iii, 277, iv, 227, they are spoken of as calling themselves the Hochungara, and O'CTiun-ga-raio: and the same work adds, on good authority, that their earliest historical tradition relates to their once living at the Red Banks of Green Bay, and that they once built a fort; "an event which appears to have made a general impression on the tribe;" and that it is eight or nine generations since they lived at the Red Banks.
"The Otchagras," says Charlevoix in his Historical Journal, in 1721, "who are commonly called the Puans, dwelt formerly on the borders of the Bay, in a very delightful situation. They were attacked here by the Illinois, who killed a great number of them; the remainder took refuge in the river of the Outagamis which runs into the bottom of the Bay. They seated themselves on the borders of a kind of Lake [Win¬ nebago Lake]; and I judge it was there, that living on fish which they got in the Lake in great plenty, they gave them the name of Puans, be¬ cause all along the shore where their cabins were built, one saw noth¬ ing but stinking fish, which infected the air. It appears at least, that this is the origin of the name which the other savages had given them before us, and which has communicated itself to the Bay, far from